Effects of Lactococcus lactis and Bacillus sp. on Hatchery Performance of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Eggs until Larval Stage

Year 2023, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 35 - 43, 01.03.2023

Engin Piranlıoğlu Zeynep Zehra İpek Akif Er Mert Minaz Şevki Kayış

https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.1137624

Abstract

In this study, the effect of Lactococcus lactis and Bacillus sp. (Gram-positive bacteria) on survival rates of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from egg to larval stage was investigated. In addition, the effects of bacteria on the blue sac syndrome in the fry stage of fish and basic water quality criteria were also noted. Bacteria were applied by immersion method to healthy-eyed eggs during the incubation period. Two bacteria and the control group were examined in a duplicated plan. The highest survival rate was 92.5% observed in the Bacillus sp. group (L. lactis; 70% and control; 45%). The lowest survival rates in all groups were observed during the alevin stage. It was found that the amount of nitrite in the water decreased in the bacteria-applied groups, and it was determined that the effects of blue sac syndrome (caused by the pathogen A. hydrophila) were suppressed in the Bacillus sp. group.

Keywords

Bacteria, Blue sac fry syndrome, Hatchery, Nitrate, Trout

Lactococcus lactis ve Bacillus sp.’nin Yumurtadan Larval Döneme Kadar Olan Evrede Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss)’nın Kuluçka Performansına Etkileri

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Lactococcus lactis ve Bacillus sp. (Gram-pozitif bakteri) uygulamasının gökkuşağı alabalığının (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yumurtadan larva dönemine kadar yaşama oranları araştırıldı. Ayrıca çalışmada balıkların yavru aşamasında mavi kese hastalığı üzerine bakterilerin etkileri ve temel su kalitesi kriterleri de not edilmiştir. Bakteriler kuluçka döneminde sağlıklı gözlü yumurtalara daldırma yöntemiyle uygulandı. İki bakteri ve kontrol grubu, iki tekerrürlü deneme planında incelendi. En yüksek hayatta kalma oranı Bacillus sp. grubunda (L. lactis; %70 ve kontrol; %45) %92.5 ile gözlendi. Tüm gruplarda en düşük hayatta kalma oranları alevin döneminde gözlendi. Bakteri uygulanan gruplarda sudaki nitrit miktarının azaldığı, Bacillus sp. grubunda ise mavi kese sendromunun (patojen etken A. hydrophila) etkilerinin baskılandığı belirlendi

Keywords

Bakteri, Mavi kese sendromu, Kuluçkahane, Nitrat, Alabalık

References

• Ahmed, R., Sankar-Mistry, P., Jackson, S., Ackermann, H. W., & Kasatiya, S. S. (1995). Bacillus cereus phage typing as an epidemiological tool in outbreaks of food poisoning. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 33, 636-640. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.33.3.636-640.1995
• Allen, T., Khoni, N. S., Dunphy, B., Kinge, A. R. E., & Court, N. B. (2017). Efficacy and safety of Specific Conjugate Particle (SCP)-Doxorubicin in Patients with Soft Tissue Sarcoma, a Randomized Clinical Study. Journal of Vaccine Immunotechnology, 3(1), 5.
• American Public Health Association (APHA) (1998). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th Edition. American Water Works Association and Water Environmental Federation, Washington DC.
• Atar, H.H., Bekcan S., & Dogankaya L. (2009). Effects of Different Hormones on Sex Reversal of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) and Production of All-Female Populations. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 23(4), 1509-1514. https://doi.org/10.2478/V10133-009-0002-X
• Austin, B., Lawrence A.L., Can., E., Carboni, C., Crockett, J., Demirtaş Erol, N., Dias Schleder, D., Jatobá, A., Kayış, Ş., Karacalar, U., Kizak, V., Kop, A., Thompson, K., Mendez Ruiz, C. A., Serdar, O., Seyhaneyildiz Can,S., Watts, S., & Yücel Gier, G. (2022). Selected topics in sustainable aquaculture research: Current and future focus. Sustainable Aquatic Research, 1(2), 74-122. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7032804
• Balta, F., & Dengiz Balta, Z. (2020). A Study on Gas Bubble Disease and Treatment Observed in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fry. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 5(1). https://doi.org/100-105.10.35229/jaes.706925
• Barnes, M. E., Sayler, W. A., & Cordes, R. J. (2001). Use of formalin treatments during incubation of eyed eggs of brown trout. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 63, 333-337.
• Brzuzan, P., Wozny M., Dobosz, S., Kuzminski, H., Łuczynski, M. K., & Gora M. (2007) Blue sac disease in larval White fish, Coregonus lavaretus (L.): pathological changes in mRNA levels of CYP1A, ERa, and p53. Journal of Fish Diseases, 30, 169–173.
• Chen J., Shen, J., Hellgren, L. I., Jensen, P. R., & Solem, C. (2015). Adaptation of Lactococcus lactis to high growth temperature leads to a dramatic increase in acidification rate. Scientific Reports, 5, 14199. https://10.1038/srep14199 https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8454(2001)063<0333:UOFTDI>2.0.CO;2
• Cruz, P. M., Ibáñez, A. L., Hermosillo, O. A. M., & Ramírez Saad, H. C. (2012). Use of probiotics in aquaculture. International Scholarly Research Network Microbiology, 916845. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/916845
• Declercq, A.M., Haesebrouck, F., Broeck, W.V.D., Bossier, P., & Decostere, A., (2013). Columnaris disease in fish: A review with emphasis on bacterium-host interactions. Veterinary Resource, 44, 27.
• Forneris, G., Bellardi, S., Palmegiano, G. B., Saroglia, M., Sicuro, B., Gasco, L., & Zoccarato, I. (2003). The use of ozone in trout hatchery to reduce saprolegniasis incidence. Aquaculture, 221(1-4), 157-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00518-5
• Gatesoupe, F. J. (2008). Updating the importance of lactic acid bacteria in fish farming: natural occurrence and probiotic treatments. Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, 14, 107-114. https://doi.org/10.1159/000106089
• Goldes, S.A., & Mead, S.L. (1995). Efficacy of Iodophor Disinfection against Egg Surface-Associated Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus. Progressive Fish-Culturist. 57(1), 26-29. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1995)057<0026:AEOIDA>2.3.CO;2
• Hlordzi, V., Kuebutornye, F.K.A., Afriyie, G., Abarike, E.D., Lu, Yishan, Chi, S., & Anokyewaa, A. (2020). The use of Bacillus species in maintenance of water quality in aquaculture: A review. Aquaculture reports, 18, 1005003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100503
• Kayış, Ş., Er, A., Yilmaz, C., Duzgun, A., Kose, O., & Kurtoglu, İ. Z. (2015). Aeromonas hydrophila as a causative agent of blue sac fry syndrome in different trout species. Journal of Fish Diseases, 38, 1069-1071. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12326
• Kayış, Ş., Yilmaz, C., & Er, A. (2017). Pathogenic effects of some common bacteria on trout in hatchery systems. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 37, 244-252.
• Kayış, Ş. (2019). Analysis of Fish Health Status in Terms of Sustainability of Aquaculture in Turkey-A SWOT Analysis. Aquaculture Studies, 19, 65-76. https://doi.org/10.4194/2618-6381-v19_1_07
• Kayış, Ş., Soyköse, G., İpek, Z. Z., & Er, A. (2021). Determination of Bacterial Contamination and Antibiotic Resistance of the Bacteria in the Some Trout Farm Hatcheries in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, 7(2), 101–107. https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.827718
• Kemmerly, S. A., & Pankey, G. A. (1993). Oral ciprofloxacin therapy for Bacillus cereus wound infection and bacteremia. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 16, 189. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/16.1.189
• Korenekova, B., Skalicka, M., Kottferova, J., & Korenek, M. (2004). Effect of addition of nitrate or nitrite on Lactococcus lactis dairy culture. Arch Lebensmittelhyg, 55(2), 42-44.
• Merrifield, D. L., Dimitroglou, A., Foey, A., Davies, S. J., Baker, R. T. M., Bøgwald, J., Castex, M., & Ringø, E. (2010). The current status and future focus of probiotic and prebiotic applications for salmonids. Aquaculture, 302, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.02.007
• Miljakovi´c, D., Marinkovi´c J., & Baleševi´c-Tubi´c, S. (2020). The Significance of Bacillus spp. in Disease Suppression and Growth Promotion of Field and Vegetable Crops. Microorganisms, 8, 1037; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8071037
• Noga, E. J. (2010). Fish Disease –Diagnosis and Treatment, 2ndedn. Wiley-Blackwell, 536 pp. Hoboken, New Jersey.
• Öztürk, R. Ç., & Altinok, I., (2014). Bacterial and Viral Fish Diseases in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 14, 275-297.
• Padmavathi, P., Sunitha, K., & Veeraiah, K. (2012). Efficacy of probiotics in improving water quality and bacterial flora in fishponds. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 6. https://doi.org/7471-7478.10.5897/AJMR12.496
• Rehman, S. M., Aleem, M. T., Umar, M., Khan, A., Jamil, M., Rehman, T., Ijaz, A., Hussain J., & Abbas, R. Z. (2022). Advancement in Aquaculture System by Applying Biotechnological Tools, Animal Health Prespective (pp.259) Edition: 1stPublisher: Unique Scientific Publishers, https://doi.org/10.47278/book.ahp/2022.3
• Robertson, P. A. W., O’Dowd, C., Burrells, C., Williams, P., & Austin, B. (2000). Use of Carnobacterium sp. as a probiotic for atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 185, 235-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00349-X
• Sneath, P. H. A. (1986). Section 13. Endospore-forming Grampositive rods and cocci. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Vol 2, 9th edn. Sneath P. H. A, Mair N. S., Sharpe M. E. and Holt J. G. (eds), pp. 1104-1139. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD.
• Thoen, E. 1, Evensen, Ø., & Skaar, I. (2011). Pathogenicity of Saprolegnias pp. to Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., eggs, Journal of Fish Diseases, 34, 601–608. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01273.x
• Usharani, K., Sruthilaya, K., & Divya, K. (2017). Determination of nitrate utilization efficiency of selective strain of Bacillus sp. isolated from Eutrophic Lake, Theerthamkara, Kasaragod, Kerala, Pollution, 3(1), 55-67. https://doi.org/10.7508/pj.2017.01.007
• Woynarovich, A., Hoitsy, G., & Moth-Poulsen, T. (2011). Small-scale rainbow trout farming. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 561. Rome, FAO.
• Yardımcı, R.E., & Turgay, E. (2021). Diagnosis of Aeromonas sobria and Saprolegnia sp. co-infection in rainbow trout fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquatic Research, 4(1), 65-72. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR21006
• Yılmaz, S., Yılmaz, E., Dawood, M. A. O., Ringo, E., Ahmadifar, E., & Abdel-Latif, H. M. R. (2022). Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics used to control vibriosis in fish: A review. Aquaculture. 547, 737514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737514