Alabalık (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Yetiştiriciliğinde Görülen Hastalıklar, Ekonomik Kayıplar ve Tedavi Yöntemleri

Year 2025, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 167 - 178

Mustafa Doğan

https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.1594067

Abstract

Alabalık yetiştiriciliği, dünya genelinde su ürünleri üretimi içerisinde önemli bir yere sahip olup, yüksek protein içeriği ve besleyici değeri nedeniyle geniş bir tüketici kitlesine hitap etmektedir. Ancak, alabalıklarda görülen çeşitli hastalıklar, üretim süreçlerini, gıda güvenliğini olumsuz etkilemekle birlikte, tedavi için kullanılan kimyasallar (formaldehit, bakır sülfat vb.) kullanımından dolayı çevresel sorunlara, balıkların refahını etkileyerek davranış bozukluklarına neden olabilmektedir. Bu makalede, alabalıklarda sıkça karşılaşılan ve ekonomik kayıplara neden olan hastalıklardan bazıları incelenmiş, bu hastalıkların alabalık yetiştiriciliği üzerindeki etkileri ele alınmıştır. Alabalıklarda görülen hastalıklar, genellikle bakteriyel, viral, parazitik ve mantar kökenli patojenlerden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu etmenler, alabalıkların sağlık durumunu ciddi şekilde tehdit ederken, üreticilere yüksek tedavi maliyetleri ve üretim kayıpları gibi ekonomik zarara uğratmaktadır. Ayrıca, hastalıkların yayılmasını önlemek amacıyla alınan tedbirler, genellikle su kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi, hijyenik önlemlerin artırılması ve kimyasal tedavi yöntemlerinin uygulanması gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Diğer yandan, aşırı ilaç kullanımı ve antibiyotik direncinin gelişmesi gibi sorunlar da bu süreci karmaşıklaştırmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, alabalık üreticileri için hastalıkların önlenmesi, erken müdahale ve etkili tedavi yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi, sektörde sürdürülebilir bir üretim için kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu makale, alabalık yetiştiriciliği sektöründeki hastalık yönetimi ve kontrol stratejileri hakkında önemli bilgiler sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Alabalık, hastalıklar, üretim, ekonomik kayıp, tedavi

Diseases, Economic Losses and Treatment Methods in Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Farming

Abstract

Trout farming is important in aquaculture production worldwide and appeals to a wide range of consumers due to its high protein content and nutritional value. However, various diseases seen in trout negatively affect production processes and food safety, and can cause environmental problems and behavioral disorders by affecting the welfare of the fish due to the use of chemicals (formaldehyde, copper sulfate, etc.) used for treatment. In this article, some of the diseases that are frequently encountered in trout and cause economic losses are examined and the effects of these diseases on trout farming are discussed. Diseases seen in trout are generally caused by bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal pathogens. While these factors seriously threaten the health of trout, they also cause economic losses to producers such as high treatment costs and production losses. In addition, measures taken to prevent the spread of diseases generally require improving water quality, increasing hygienic measures and applying chemical treatment methods. Moreover, problems such as excessive use of drugs and the development of antibiotic resistance complicate this process. As a result, disease prevention, early intervention and the development of effective treatment methods are critical for sustainable production in the sector for trout producers. This article aims to provide important information on disease management and control strategies in the trout farming industry.

Keywords

Trout, diseases, production, economic loss, treatment

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