In Vitro Assessment of Milk Thistle Seeds as a Natural Anti-Aflatoxin B1

Year 2018, Volume: 44 Issue: 1, 1 - 5, 16.01.2018

Omid Fanı-makkı , Arash Omıdı Hossein Ansarı-nık Seyed Ahmad Hashemınejad

Abstract

Milk thistle (MT) or Silybum marianum is a weed
that grows in many parts of the world. Since centuries, its seeds are used as
herbal remedies for many diseases. In this study, an in- vitro model was
designed to mimic the temperature, pH, and the time of passage of seeds through
the stomachs and the intestinal tracts of chickens to investigate the
absorption capacity of MT seeds for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Forty-eight flasks,
each containing 25 g of rice and 250 or 500 µg/kg AFB1 in the presence of 125,
or 250 mg MT seeds were used in six treatments with two samples and four
replicates, I) 250 µg/kg of rice contaminated with AFB1 as the control; II) 500
µg/kg AFB1 as a control; III) 125 mg MT seeds plus 250 µg/kg AFB1; IV) 125 mg
MT seeds plus 500 µg/kg AFB1; V) 250 mg of MT seeds plus 250 µg/kg AFB1; VI)
250 mg MT seeds plus 500 µg/kg AFB1. A high proportion of milk thistle was
bound by 250 µg/kg of AFB1 in treatment number V. The highest and lowest levels
of AFB1, i.e., 331.64±9.57 µg/kg and 45.62±4.25 µg/kg, were determined in
treatments II and V, respectively. The mechanism by which MT seeds diminish
AFB1 is not fully understood. MT seeds are a rich source of fiber, and
therefore, they may have a high capacity for binding to the aflatoxin. On the
other hand, silymarin, a component of MT seeds, is a natural polyphenolic
flavonoid that has antioxidant properties. Polyunsaturated fatty acids may also
act as antioxidants, where by preventing the absorption or bioactivation of
mycotoxins by enhancing their metabolism and excretion. It was concluded that
the MT seeds were able to effectively diminish AFB1 in vitro. 

Keywords

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), binder, in vitro trial, milk thistle

Meryemana Dikeni Tohumlarının Doğal Anti-Aflatoksin B1 Olarak In Vitro Değerlendirmesi

Abstract

Meryemana dikeni (MD) veya Silybum marianum,
dünyanın pek çok yerinde yetişen yabani bir ottur. Tohumları birçok hastalıkta
bitkisel ilaç olarak yüzyıllardır kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, meryemana
dikeni tohumlarının aflatoksin B1’e (AFB1) yönelik emilme kapasitesini
araştırmak için; sıcaklığı, pH değerini ve tohumların tavukların mide ve bağırsak
yollarından geçiş süresini taklit edecek bir in vitro model tasarlanmıştır. 48
adet şişe; her biri 25 g pirinç, 125 veya 250 mg meryemana dikeni tohumu, 250
veya 500 μg/kg
AFB1 içerecek şekilde, 2 örnekli 6 uygulama grubu ile 4 tekrarlı olarak kullanılmıştır.
I) kontrol olarak AFB1 ile kontamine 250 ug/kg pirinç; II) kontrol olarak 500 μg/kg AFB1; III) 125 mg MD
tohumuna ilaveten 250 ug/kg AFB1; IV) 125 mg MD tohumuna ilaveten 500 μg/kg AFB1; V) 250 mg MD
tohumuna ilaveten 250 μg/kg
AFB1; VI) 250 mg MD tohumuna ilaveten 500 μg/kg AFB1. Meryemana dikeninin büyük bir kısmı, V.
uygulama grubundaki 250 μg/kg
AFB1 tarafından bağlanmıştır. En yüksek 331,64±9,57 μg/kg ve en düşük 45,62±4,25 μg/kg AFB1 seviyeleri, sırasıyla II. ve V.
uygulamalarda belirlenmiştir. MD tohumlarının, AFB1 düzeyini azaltma
mekanizması tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. MD tohumları zengin bir lif kaynağıdır
ve bu nedenle, yüksek aflatoksin bağlama kapasitesine sahip olabilir. Bunun
yanı sıra, MD tohumlarının bir bileşeni olan silymarin, antioksidan özelliklere
sahip doğal bir polifenolik flavonoiddir. Çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri,
mikotoksinlerin metabolizma ve atılımlarını arttırarak, emilimlerini veya
biyolojik aktivasyonlarını önlediğinden, antioksidan olarak rol
oynayabilmektedirler. MD tohumlarının in vitro olarak AFB1 düzeyini etkili bir
şekilde azaltabildiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

Aflatoksin B1 (AFB1), bağlayıcı, in vitro deneme, meryemana dikeni

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