Immunohistochemical Evidence of Multiple Viral and Bacterial Associations in Caprine Pneumonia in Nigeria: Implications for Vaccines

Year 2019, Volume: 45 Issue: 1, 1 - 8, 01.01.2019

Theophilus Aghogho Jarıkre , Benjamin Obukowho Emıkpe

Abstract

DOI:
10.26650/actavet.2019.409009

Caprine pneumonia is a major cause of
economic loss and the conventional vaccines are not optimal in protecting
goats. A better understanding of the associations of respiratory pathogens may
help improve our knowledge for vaccination to effectively control caprine
pneumonia. One hundred and fifty goats (140 pneumonic and 10 normal) were
examined for various lung pathologies using standard gross and histologic
techniques. Antigens of parainfluenza 3 virus (PI3V), respiratory syncytial
virus (RSV) and peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) and bacterial antigens
of Mannheimia haemolytica (M.haemolytica) and Pasteurella multocida (P.
multocida) were demonstrated immunohistochemically in the lungs. The data of
goats positive and negative for the viral and bacterial antigens were analysed
using descriptive statistics.

Viral antigens were detected in 113 (81%) of
the pneumonic lungs (100 as single, 11 dual and 2 triple). Bacterial antigens
were detected in 120 (86%), M. haemolytica in 47 (34%),  P. multocida in 59 (42%) and combined
bacterial antigens in 14 (10%) of the pneumonic lungs. Multiple agents were
detected in 108/140 positive cases; virus-bacterium association was observed in
106/108. PPRV antigens alone were observed in 15 cases. PPRV coexisted most
frequently with M. haemolytica (n=20), P. multocida (n=13), PI3V with P.
multocida (n=18), and RSV with M. haemolytica (n=9). The lesions corresponded
to cranioventral (n=45), diffuse (n=75), and lobar consolidations (n=20)
manifested as fibrinous bronchopneumonia (n=22), suppurative bronchopneumonia
(n=20), bronchointerstitial pneumonia (n=61), interstitial pneumonia (n=25) and
bronchiolitis (n=12). Thus, multiple infections are involved in pneumonia,
hence we must consider combined vaccination strategies incorporating multiple
antigens for adequate control of caprine pneumonia. 

Keywords

Goat pneumonia, pathogens, Pasteurella, Mannheimia, PI3V, PPRV, RSV

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