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Year 2019, Volume: 45 Issue: 3, 96 - 100, 01.09.2019

Abstract

References

  • Ahmed, J.A., Sanyal, S., 2008. Electrocardiographic studies in Garol sheep and black Bengal goats. Research Journal of Cardiology 1, 1-8. Avizeh, R., Papahn, A., Ranjbar, R., Rasekh, A., Molaee, R., 2010. Electrocardiographic changes in the littermate mongrel dogs from birth to six months of life. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 11, 304-311. Baldock, N., Sibly, R., Penning, P., 1988. Behaviour and seasonal variation in heart rate in domestic sheep, Ovis aries. Animal Behaviour 36, 35-43. Barutçu, İ., Esen, Ö., Kaya, D., Onrat, E., Melek, M., Çelik, A., Kilit, C., Esen, A.M., 2009. The Relationship Between Aging and P Wave Dispersion. Kosuyolu Heart Journal 12, 5-9. Bhatt, L., Nandakumar, K., Bodhankar, S., 2005. Experimental animal models to induce cardiac arrhythmias. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 37, 348-357. Camacho, P., Fan, H., Liu, Z., He, J.Q., 2016. Large mammalian animal models of heart disease. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 3, 1-11. Cedeno, D.A., Lourenço, M.L., Daza, C.A., Chiacchio, S.B., 2016. Electrocardiogram assessment using the Einthoven and base-apex lead systems in healthy Holstein cows and neonates. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36, 1-7. Chalmeh, A., Akhtar, I.S., Zarei, M.H., Badkoubeh, M., 2015. Electrocardiographic indices of clinically healthy Chios sheep. Veterinary Science Development 5, 99-102. Constable, P.D., Hinchcliff, K.W., Done, S.H., Grünberg, W., 2016. Veterinary Medicine-E-Book: A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs and Goats. Elsevier Health Sciences, St. Louis. Das, M.K., Zipes, D.P., 2012. Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review E-Book: A Companion to Cardiac Electrophysiology. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. Ferasin, L., Ferasin, H., Little, C., 2010. Lack of correlation between canine heart rate and body size in veterinary clinical practice. Journal of Small Animal Practice 51, 412-418. Ghadrdan Mashhadi, A.R., Kamali, S., Haji Hajikolaei, M.R., Rezakhani, A., Fatemi, S.R., 2016. Determination the Normal Parameters (amplitude and duration) of Electrocardiogram Waves in River Buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis) of Khuzestan. Iranian Journal of Ruminants Health Research 1, 23-31. Hossein-Zadeh, N.G., 2015. Modeling the growth curve of Iranian Shall sheep using non-linear growth models. Small Ruminant Research 130, 60-66. Kamali, S., Ghadrdan, M.A., Haji, H.M., Fatemi, T.S., Rezakhani, A., 2017. Survey on Frequency of Various Forms of QRS Complex in Khuzestan River Buffalo. Iranian Veterinary Journal 13, 91-97. Kumar, C.P., Sundar, N.S., Reddy, B., Praveena, G., Kumar, R., 2015. Electrocardiogram of small ruminants by base apex lead system. Indian Journal of Small Ruminants 21, 141-142. Macfarlane, P.W., 2018. The influence of age and sex on the electrocardiogram. In: Kerkhof, P.L.M., Miller, VM. (Ed.), Sex-Specific Analysis of Cardiovascular Function. Springer, Cham, pp. 93-106. Mantovani, M., Tsuruta, S., Muzzi, R., Machado, T., Pádua, M., Coimbra, C., Muzzi, L., Jacomini, J., 2013. Electrocardiographic study in the American Quarter Horse breed. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 65, 1389-1393. Milani-Nejad, N., Janssen, P.M., 2014. Small and large animal models in cardiac contraction research: advantages and disadvantages. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 141, 235-249. Muir, W.W., Hubbell, J.A.E, 2008. Equine Anesthesia: Monitoring and Emergency Therapy, Saunders Company, St. Louis. O’connor, M., Mcdaniel, N., Brady, W.J., 2008. The pediatric electrocardiogram: Part I: Age-related interpretation. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 26, 506-512. Ohmura, H., Jones, J.H., 2017. Changes in heart rate and heart rate variability as a function of age in Thoroughbred horses. Journal of Equine Science 28, 99-103. Pourjafar, M., Badiei, K., Chalmeh, A., Sanati, A., Bagheri, M., Badkobeh, M., Shahbazi, A., 2011. Cardiac arrhythmias in clinically healthy newborn Iranian fat tailed lambs. Global Veterinaria 6, 185-189. Reddy, B., Sivajothi, S., 2016. Electrocardiographic parameters of normal dairy cows during different ages. Journal of Veterinary Science & Medicine 4, 5. Reed, S.M., Bayly, W.M., Sellon, D.C., 2018. Equine Internal Medicine. Elsevier, St. Louis. Rezakhani, A., Edjtehadi, M., 1980. Some electrocardiographic parameters of the Fat‐tailed sheep. Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A 27, 152-156. Rezakhani, A., Paphan, A., Gheisari, H., 2004a. Cardiac dysrhythmias in clinically healthy heifers and cows. Revue de Medecine Veterinaire 155, 159-162. Rezakhani, A., Paphan, A.A., Shekarfroush, S., 2004b. Analysis of base apex lead electrocardiograms of normal dairy cows. Veterinarski Arhiv 74, 351-358. Salehi, M., Taherpour-Dari, N., 2005. Evaluation of wool characteristics of Iranian sheep breeds 4 _ Arabi breed. Animal Science Research Institute, Final Report, Ministry of Agriculture, Iran. http://agris.fao.org Santarosa, B.P., Lourenço, M.L., Dantas, G.N., Ulian, C., Heckler, M.C., Sudano, M.J., Gonçalves, R.C., Chiacchio, S.B., 2016. Electrocardiographic parameters of the American Miniature Horse: influence of age and sex. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36, 551-558. Sudhakara, R.B., Sivajothi, S., 2018. Electrocardiographic studies in different age groups of Nellore cross-breed sheep. International Clinical Pathology Journal 6, 30-32. Surawicz, B., Knilans, T., 2008. Chou’s Electrocardiography in Clinical Practice: Adult and Pediatric. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. Tajik, J., Samimi, A.S., Shojaeepour, S., Jarakani, S., 2016. Analysis of base-apex lead electrocardiogram in clinically healthy Kermani sheep. Acta Vet Eurasia 42, 74-79. Tajik, T., Aslani, M.R., Tajik, J., 2016. Electrocardiographic parameters in clinically healthy Balouchi sheep. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology 7, 84-91. Torío, R., Cano, M., Montes, A., Prieto, F., Benedito, J., 1997. Comparison of two methods for electrocardiographic analysis in Gallega sheep. Small Ruminant Research 24, 239-246. Yusuf, S., Camm, A.J., 2005. Deciphering the sinus tachycardias. Clinical Cardiology 28, 267-276. Ziv, O., Kaufman, E.S., 2012. Age and gender modulation of the long QT syndrome phenotype. Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics 4, 39-51.

Electrocardiographic Studies in Shall Sheep

Year 2019, Volume: 45 Issue: 3, 96 - 100, 01.09.2019

Abstract

DOI: 10.5152/actavet.2019.19018

The use of sheep in experimental animal models has increased recently. In the present study, we investigated normal electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters of clinically healthy Shall sheep. The animals were divided into two gender and age groups. Electrocardiograms were recorded on a base-apex lead, using limb lead I for at least 2 minutes. The heart rate range was 71–166 beats/min, with an average and standard deviation of 112.47±29.36. Statistical tests did not reveal any significant differences between two genders and ECG parameters. On the other hand, there was a significant difference between different age groups in the heart rate (p<0.001), P duration (p=0.030), QRS duration (p=0.005), and the P–R interval (p=0.005), Q–T interval (p<0.001), and R–R interval (p<0.001). Sheep with sinus arrhythmias had a significantly lower mean heart rate than sheep with normal rhythm (p=0.007). Furthermore, an analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between the age groups and the cardiac dysrhythmias (p<0.01). The results of this study can be used as a reference in studies on the Shall sheep breed.

Cite this article as: Mirabad, M., Rezakhani, A., 2019. Electrocardiographic Studies in Shall Sheep. Acta Vet Eurasia 45, 96-100.

References

  • Ahmed, J.A., Sanyal, S., 2008. Electrocardiographic studies in Garol sheep and black Bengal goats. Research Journal of Cardiology 1, 1-8. Avizeh, R., Papahn, A., Ranjbar, R., Rasekh, A., Molaee, R., 2010. Electrocardiographic changes in the littermate mongrel dogs from birth to six months of life. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 11, 304-311. Baldock, N., Sibly, R., Penning, P., 1988. Behaviour and seasonal variation in heart rate in domestic sheep, Ovis aries. Animal Behaviour 36, 35-43. Barutçu, İ., Esen, Ö., Kaya, D., Onrat, E., Melek, M., Çelik, A., Kilit, C., Esen, A.M., 2009. The Relationship Between Aging and P Wave Dispersion. Kosuyolu Heart Journal 12, 5-9. Bhatt, L., Nandakumar, K., Bodhankar, S., 2005. Experimental animal models to induce cardiac arrhythmias. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 37, 348-357. Camacho, P., Fan, H., Liu, Z., He, J.Q., 2016. Large mammalian animal models of heart disease. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 3, 1-11. Cedeno, D.A., Lourenço, M.L., Daza, C.A., Chiacchio, S.B., 2016. Electrocardiogram assessment using the Einthoven and base-apex lead systems in healthy Holstein cows and neonates. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36, 1-7. Chalmeh, A., Akhtar, I.S., Zarei, M.H., Badkoubeh, M., 2015. Electrocardiographic indices of clinically healthy Chios sheep. Veterinary Science Development 5, 99-102. Constable, P.D., Hinchcliff, K.W., Done, S.H., Grünberg, W., 2016. Veterinary Medicine-E-Book: A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs and Goats. Elsevier Health Sciences, St. Louis. Das, M.K., Zipes, D.P., 2012. Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review E-Book: A Companion to Cardiac Electrophysiology. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. Ferasin, L., Ferasin, H., Little, C., 2010. Lack of correlation between canine heart rate and body size in veterinary clinical practice. Journal of Small Animal Practice 51, 412-418. Ghadrdan Mashhadi, A.R., Kamali, S., Haji Hajikolaei, M.R., Rezakhani, A., Fatemi, S.R., 2016. Determination the Normal Parameters (amplitude and duration) of Electrocardiogram Waves in River Buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis) of Khuzestan. Iranian Journal of Ruminants Health Research 1, 23-31. Hossein-Zadeh, N.G., 2015. Modeling the growth curve of Iranian Shall sheep using non-linear growth models. Small Ruminant Research 130, 60-66. Kamali, S., Ghadrdan, M.A., Haji, H.M., Fatemi, T.S., Rezakhani, A., 2017. Survey on Frequency of Various Forms of QRS Complex in Khuzestan River Buffalo. Iranian Veterinary Journal 13, 91-97. Kumar, C.P., Sundar, N.S., Reddy, B., Praveena, G., Kumar, R., 2015. Electrocardiogram of small ruminants by base apex lead system. Indian Journal of Small Ruminants 21, 141-142. Macfarlane, P.W., 2018. The influence of age and sex on the electrocardiogram. In: Kerkhof, P.L.M., Miller, VM. (Ed.), Sex-Specific Analysis of Cardiovascular Function. Springer, Cham, pp. 93-106. Mantovani, M., Tsuruta, S., Muzzi, R., Machado, T., Pádua, M., Coimbra, C., Muzzi, L., Jacomini, J., 2013. Electrocardiographic study in the American Quarter Horse breed. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 65, 1389-1393. Milani-Nejad, N., Janssen, P.M., 2014. Small and large animal models in cardiac contraction research: advantages and disadvantages. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 141, 235-249. Muir, W.W., Hubbell, J.A.E, 2008. Equine Anesthesia: Monitoring and Emergency Therapy, Saunders Company, St. Louis. O’connor, M., Mcdaniel, N., Brady, W.J., 2008. The pediatric electrocardiogram: Part I: Age-related interpretation. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 26, 506-512. Ohmura, H., Jones, J.H., 2017. Changes in heart rate and heart rate variability as a function of age in Thoroughbred horses. Journal of Equine Science 28, 99-103. Pourjafar, M., Badiei, K., Chalmeh, A., Sanati, A., Bagheri, M., Badkobeh, M., Shahbazi, A., 2011. Cardiac arrhythmias in clinically healthy newborn Iranian fat tailed lambs. Global Veterinaria 6, 185-189. Reddy, B., Sivajothi, S., 2016. Electrocardiographic parameters of normal dairy cows during different ages. Journal of Veterinary Science & Medicine 4, 5. Reed, S.M., Bayly, W.M., Sellon, D.C., 2018. Equine Internal Medicine. Elsevier, St. Louis. Rezakhani, A., Edjtehadi, M., 1980. Some electrocardiographic parameters of the Fat‐tailed sheep. Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A 27, 152-156. Rezakhani, A., Paphan, A., Gheisari, H., 2004a. Cardiac dysrhythmias in clinically healthy heifers and cows. Revue de Medecine Veterinaire 155, 159-162. Rezakhani, A., Paphan, A.A., Shekarfroush, S., 2004b. Analysis of base apex lead electrocardiograms of normal dairy cows. Veterinarski Arhiv 74, 351-358. Salehi, M., Taherpour-Dari, N., 2005. Evaluation of wool characteristics of Iranian sheep breeds 4 _ Arabi breed. Animal Science Research Institute, Final Report, Ministry of Agriculture, Iran. http://agris.fao.org Santarosa, B.P., Lourenço, M.L., Dantas, G.N., Ulian, C., Heckler, M.C., Sudano, M.J., Gonçalves, R.C., Chiacchio, S.B., 2016. Electrocardiographic parameters of the American Miniature Horse: influence of age and sex. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36, 551-558. Sudhakara, R.B., Sivajothi, S., 2018. Electrocardiographic studies in different age groups of Nellore cross-breed sheep. International Clinical Pathology Journal 6, 30-32. Surawicz, B., Knilans, T., 2008. Chou’s Electrocardiography in Clinical Practice: Adult and Pediatric. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. Tajik, J., Samimi, A.S., Shojaeepour, S., Jarakani, S., 2016. Analysis of base-apex lead electrocardiogram in clinically healthy Kermani sheep. Acta Vet Eurasia 42, 74-79. Tajik, T., Aslani, M.R., Tajik, J., 2016. Electrocardiographic parameters in clinically healthy Balouchi sheep. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology 7, 84-91. Torío, R., Cano, M., Montes, A., Prieto, F., Benedito, J., 1997. Comparison of two methods for electrocardiographic analysis in Gallega sheep. Small Ruminant Research 24, 239-246. Yusuf, S., Camm, A.J., 2005. Deciphering the sinus tachycardias. Clinical Cardiology 28, 267-276. Ziv, O., Kaufman, E.S., 2012. Age and gender modulation of the long QT syndrome phenotype. Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics 4, 39-51.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Muhammadmehdi Mırabad This is me

Ali Rezakhanı This is me

Publication Date September 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 45 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Mırabad, M., & Rezakhanı, A. (2019). Electrocardiographic Studies in Shall Sheep. Acta Veterinaria Eurasia, 45(3), 96-100.
AMA Mırabad M, Rezakhanı A. Electrocardiographic Studies in Shall Sheep. Actavet. September 2019;45(3):96-100.
Chicago Mırabad, Muhammadmehdi, and Ali Rezakhanı. “Electrocardiographic Studies in Shall Sheep”. Acta Veterinaria Eurasia 45, no. 3 (September 2019): 96-100.
EndNote Mırabad M, Rezakhanı A (September 1, 2019) Electrocardiographic Studies in Shall Sheep. Acta Veterinaria Eurasia 45 3 96–100.
IEEE M. Mırabad and A. Rezakhanı, “Electrocardiographic Studies in Shall Sheep”, Actavet, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 96–100, 2019.
ISNAD Mırabad, Muhammadmehdi - Rezakhanı, Ali. “Electrocardiographic Studies in Shall Sheep”. Acta Veterinaria Eurasia 45/3 (September 2019), 96-100.
JAMA Mırabad M, Rezakhanı A. Electrocardiographic Studies in Shall Sheep. Actavet. 2019;45:96–100.
MLA Mırabad, Muhammadmehdi and Ali Rezakhanı. “Electrocardiographic Studies in Shall Sheep”. Acta Veterinaria Eurasia, vol. 45, no. 3, 2019, pp. 96-100.
Vancouver Mırabad M, Rezakhanı A. Electrocardiographic Studies in Shall Sheep. Actavet. 2019;45(3):96-100.