BRICS, MIKTA, SCO ve IBSA: GELİŞEN KÜRESEL ÖRGÜTLER VE GRUPLAR -Yeni Dünya Düzeni İçin Bir Paradigma Değişimi

Year 2019, , 473 - 466, 31.12.2019

Md Islam

https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.508998

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bu yazının ana argümanı, 21. yüzyılda ortaya çıkan küresel örgütlenmelerin portresini ve uluslararası politika alanındaki yeni bir dünya düzeni için nasıl bir paradigma yarattığını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada, gelişmekte olan küresel örgütleri tanımlamak için Çin, Hindistan, Rusya, Brezilya, Güney Afrika ve Türkiye gibi yükselen, büyük ve güçlü ülkelere dayanan dört küresel örgüt ve gruplar ele alınmıştır. BRICS, MIKTA, SCO ve IBSA kuruluşları önemine göre ve hatta bu kuruluşların üye ülkelerinin global düzlemdeki rollerine göre çalışmaya konu alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda, bu makalede, ilgili küresel organizasyonların yapıları, sistemleri ve etkileri ile uluslararası ilişkiler teorileri arasında bir bağlantı kurulmaya çalışılmaktadır. Daha sonra, Güney Asya bölgesinden Güney Doğu Asya bölgesine, Müslüman dünyadan Avrupa’ya yeni dünya düzeninde bu dört örgütün tarihsel arka planı ve bugünkü varlığı ele alınacaktır. Sonuç kısmında ise tek-kutuplu dünya sisteminden biyo-kutup dünyasının nasıl yaratıldığı gösterilerek “dünya beşten büyüktür” tezi kanıtlanacaktır. Genel olarak, bu çalışmada yeni küresel düzende yükselen küresel organizasyonların rolünün ne olduğu tanımlayıcı ve nitel metodoloji uygulanarak ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

Gelişen Küresel Örgütler (EGOs/EGGs), Küresel Örgütler (IOs), Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorileri, Uluslararası Politika ve Yeni Dünya Düzeni

BRICS, MIKTA, SCO and IBSA: EMERGING GLOBAL ORGANIZATIONS AND GROUPS -A Paradigm Shift for New World Order

Abstract

The main argument of this paper is to portrait the emerging global organizations in the 21st century. To explain the development of IOs, this paper seeks how EGOs/EGGs creates a paradigm shift for a new world order in the arena of international politics. To describe the emerging global organizations (EGOs), this paper articulated four global organizations and groups based on different rising & great powerful countries like China, India, Russia, Brazil, South Africa and Turkey. The four organizations including BRICS, MIKTA, SCO and IBSA that I select based on their importance, contributions and roles to the world. Nevertheless, this paper looks at the theories of international relations and whether the structures, systems and influences of emerging global organizations have relations with the IR theories. Later, it has been showed that how the historical background of these four organizations and their current existence demonstrates for new world order from South Asian region to South East Asian region, from Muslim world to Europe and ultimately; has been showed that it creates the bio-polar world from unipolar world system which again proves that ‘the world is greater than five’. Overall, the descriptive and qualitative methodology has been applied in this study to narrate the emerging global organization’s role for the new global order.

Keywords

Emerging Global Organizations and Groups (EGOs/EGGs), International Organizations (IOs), Theories of IR, International Politics and New World Order

References

• Australian Government, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (2016). MIKTA– Mexico, Indonesia, the Republic of Korea, Turkey, Australia. Accessed: 10.01.2018. Retrieved from http://dfat.gov.au/international-relations/international-organisations/mikta/pages/mikta.aspx
• About IBSA (2007). Archived from the original on 13 September 2007. Accessed 14.01.2018. Retrieved from http://www.ibsa-trilateral.org/about_us.html
• About IBSA (2013). IBSA 10 - YEAR ANNIVERSARY. Retrieved from http://www.ibsa-trilateral.org/
• Blagov, S. (2005). Shanghai Cooperation Organization Eyes Economic, Security Cooperation. Eurasia Daily Monitor. The Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 1 November 2007.
• Biermann, Frank (2002). Earth System Governance: The Challenge for Social Science. Amsterdam: The Global Governance Project.
• BBC News. (2009). First summit for emerging giants. BBC News. 16 June 2009. Archived from the original on 18 June 2009. Accessed: 10.01.2018.
• Bryanski, G. (2009). BRIC demands more clout, steers clear of dollar talk. Archived from the original on 19 June 2009. Accessed: 10.01.2018. Council of Foreign Relations (2010). The Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Archived from the original on 11 May 2010. Accessed: 11.01.2018.
• Crockett, S. (2012). The Role of International Organizations in World Politics. E-International Relations Students. Accessed: 10.01.2018. Retrieved from http://www.e-ir.info/2012/02/07/the-role-of-international-organisations-in-world-politics/
• Cia.gov. (2017). The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency.
• Dowding, Keith (2000). Institutionalist research on the European Union, in European Union Politics, 1, 125-144. Government of South Africa, (24 March 2014). Chairperson's Statement on the BRICS Foreign Ministers Meeting held on 24 March 2014 in The Hague, Netherlands. 24 March 2014. Accessed: 10.01.2018.
• Gjelten, T. (2010). Seeing the Internet As An 'Information Weapon. National Public Radio. Accessed: 11.01.2018.
• Hutzler, C. (2006). China, Russia, Others to Hold Joint Drills. Associated Press. Accessed: 12.01.2018.
• Hall, Peter A. and Rosemary C. R. Taylor (1996). Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms, in Political Studies, XLIV, 936-957.
• Haggard, Stephan, and Beth A. Simmons. (1987). Theories of international regimes. International Organization 41, no. 3, 491-517.
• Hirst, P. (2001). War and Power in 21st Century. Polity Press in association with Blacwell Publishing.
• Indian Express (2011). BRICS should coordinate in key areas of development: PM. Accessed: 10.01.2018.
• IMF World Economic Outlook. (2011). A Shifting Global Economic Landscape.
• IMF World Economic Outlook. (2011). Gross domestic product
• IMF World Economic Outlook. (2013). Data.
• Keohane, Robert, O. (1984). After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy, Princeton, N.J.; Princeton University Press.
• Keohane, Robert O., and Lisa L. Martin. (1995). The Promise of Institutionalist Theory. International Security 20(1), 39-51.
• Keohane, Robert and Joseph Nye. (2000). Realism and Complex Interdependence.
• McDermott, R. (2007). Kazakhstan Notes Afghanistan’s Emerging Security Agenda. Eurasia Daily Monitor. Archived from the original on 18 February 2008.
• Mearsheimer, John J. (1995). A Realist Reply. International Security, 20(1), 82-93.
• Mearsheimer, John J. (1994). The False Promise of International Institutions. International Security 19(3), 5-49.
• Newman, E. (2007) A Crisis of Global Institutions? Multilateralism and international security. New York, NY: Routledge.
• Nye, Joseph S., and Robert O. Keohane. (1989). Power and Interdependence. United States of America. Harper Collins Publishers.
• Noor Mat Yazid, M. (2015). The Theory of Hegemonic Stability, Hegemonic Power and International Political Economic Stability. Global Journal of Political Science and Administration, 3(6), 67-79.
• New Delhi declaration. (2007). Archived from the original on 13 September 2007. Accessed: 14.01.2018. Retrieved from http://www.ibsa-trilateral.org/n_delhi_agen_annexure_c.htm
• O’Brien, Robert, Anne Marie Goetz, Jan Aart Scholte and Marc Williams (2000). Contesting Global Governance: Multilateral Economic Institutions and Global Social Movements. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Reuters (2013). India sees BRICS development bank agreed by 2014 summit. Accessed: 10.01.2018.
• Reuters (2013). BRICS may decide on $100 billion fund early 2014 – Russia. Accessed: 10.01.2018.
• Rbth.com (2014). BRICS countries to set up their own IMF. Accessed: 10.01.2018.
• Report for Selected Countries and Subjects. (2017). imf.org.
• SCO (2017). About SCO. Shanghai Cooperation Organization.
• Thompson, A. and Snidal, D. (1999). International Organizations. Report at the University of Chicago, Chicago: Chicago University Press.
• The World Factbook, CIA. (2015). Country Comparison: Area. Accessed: 10.01.2018
• The Guardian, (2013). BRICS eye infrastructure funding through new development bank. Accessed: 10.01.2018.
• The Shanghai Cooperation Organization. (2008). Chronicle of Main Events of Shanghai Five and Shanghai Cooperation Organization.
• O’Neill, J. (2001). Building Better Global Economic BRICs. Goldman Sachs. Accessed: 10.01.2018.
• Voice of Russia, (2014). BRICS morphing into anti-dollar alliance. Retrieved from Voiceofrussia.com. Accessed: 10.01.2018.
• W. R. Böhning, W. R. (1999). The Role and Functions of International Organizations in the Field of Migrant Workers. Regional Workshop on the ILO and International Labour Migration by the Canadian Human Rights Foundation, 11-12 January 1999 Manila, Philippines. Accessed: 08.01.2018.
• World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision. (2017). esa.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
• WTO, (2016). Trade recovery expected in 2017 and 2018, amid policy uncertainty. Accessed: 12.01.2018. Retrieve from https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres17_e/pr791_e.htm
• MIKTA (2014). Retrieved from http://dfat.gov.au/international-relations/international-organisations/mikta/Documents/mikta-foreign-ministers-meeting-2016-fact-sheet.pdf
• Yahuda, M. (2004). International Politics of The Asia Pacific (revised and enlarged edition), London Routledge.
• Zhou, W. (2009). Dollar slides after Russia comments, BRIC summit. Accessed: 10.01.2018.