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İslami İktisat Çerçevesinde Günler: Karma Yöntem Araştırması

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 31 - 66, 30.06.2021

Abdullah Talha Genç Ali Can Yenice Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan

https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.864080

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, banka harici finansal yapılardan günler (para-altın, döviz vb.) ele alınmakta ve toplumsal ilişkilerin bir parçası olan bu uygulamaların, İslam iktisadının hedefleriyle örtüşmesi bakımından alternatif bir çözüm yolu olup olmadığı araştırılmaktadır. Araştırma çerçevesinde sosyal, iktisadi ve fıkhi yönleri olan günlerin işleyişlerini ve katılımcıların özelliklerini keşfetmek ve günlere katılımı etkileyen faktörleri tespit etmek amacıyla karma yöntem tercih edilmiştir. Gün olgusunun enformel yapıya sahip olması nedeniyle çalışmada keşfedici ardışık desen kullanılmıştır. Bu desende ele alının olguyu keşfetmek amacıyla ilk olarak nitel yöntem ikinci olarak ise nicel yöntem kullanılır. Çalışmanın nitel kısmında gün olgusuna yönelik güven, sosyalleşme, dayanışma, dini hassasiyet, tasarruf, yatırım, tüketim ve finansal piyasalara erişememe olmak üzere sekiz tema keşfedilmiştir. Nicel kısımda ise gerçekleştirilen açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda formel finansal piyasalardan faydalanamama, manevi boyut, sosyalleşme, aile bütçesine katkı, temel tüketim, faizden kaçınma, tasarrufa zorlama ve yatırım faktörlerinin güne katılmayı etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Daha sonra bu faktörlerin cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi, meslek ve hane halkı aylık gelir düzeyine göre anlamlı farklılıkların olup olmadığı test edilmiştir. Gün olgusunun karma yöntem ile araştırılması ve manevi boyutun faktör olarak tespit edilmesi bu çalışmanın özgün yönlerini oluşturmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda sosyal, iktisadi ve fıkhi boyutları barındıran günlerin banka dışı İslami finansal bir fenomen olduğu ileri sürülmektedir.

Keywords

islami iktisat banka harici finansal yapılar günler

References

  • Aksak, E. ve Asutay, M. (2011). Does Islamic Finance Make the World Economically and Financially Safer? Islamic Finance and Its Implications on Sustainable Economic Growth. 8th International Conference on Islamic Economics and Finance.
  • Aliero, I. H. (2014). An Analytical Review on The Concept , Financial Practices and Shari’ah Compatibility Of Rotating Saving And Credit Associations (ROSCAs). Journal of Islamic Economics, 10(4), 129.
  • Ambec, S. ve Treich, N. (2003). Roscas as financial agreements to cope with social pressure. Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (C. 103). http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:Roscas+as+financial+agreements+to+cope+with+social+pressure#0 adresinden erişildi.
  • Ambec, Stefan ve Treich, N. (2007). Roscas as financial agreements to cope with self-control problems. Journal of Development Economics, 82(1), 120–137. doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2005.09.005
  • Apaydın, H. Y. (2001). Karz. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. Ankara: TDV Yayınları.
  • Ardener, S. (1964a). The Comparative Study of Rotating Credit Associations. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 94(2), 201–229. doi:10.2307/2844382
  • Ardener, S. (1964b). The Comparative Study of Rotating Credit Associations. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 94(2), 201–229. doi:10.2307/2844382
  • Aredo, D. (2004). Rotating Savings And Credit Associations: Characterization With Particular Reference To The Ethiopian Iqqub. Savings and Development, 28(2), 179–200. https://about.jstor.org/terms adresinden erişildi.
  • Asutay, M. (2012). Conceptualising and Locating the Social Failure of Islamic Finance: Aspirations of Islamic Moral Economy vs the Realities of Islamic Finance. Asian and African area studies, 11(2), 93–113.
  • Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A. ve Merrouche, O. (2013). Islamic vs. Conventional Banking: Business Model, Efficiency and Stability. Journal of Banking and Finance, 37(2), 433–447. doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.09.016
  • Besley, T., Coate, S. ve Loury, G. (1993). The Economics of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations. The American Economic Review, 83(4), 792–810.
  • Büyükokutan, A. (2012). Geleneksel Altın Günlerine Halkbilimsel Bir Yaklaşım: “Muğla Örneği”. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, (14), 117–133.
  • Chong, S. B. ve Liu, M.-H. (2009). Islamic banking Interest-free or interest-based.pdf. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 125–144.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2017a). Karma Yöntem Araştırmalarına Giriş. (M. Sözbilir, Çev.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2017b). Araştırma Deseni-Nitel, Nicel ve Karma Yöntem Yaklaşımları. (S. B. Demir, Çev.). Ankara: Eğiten Kitap.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2019). Eğitim Araştırmaları. (H. Ekşi, Çev.). Istanbul: EDAM.
  • Dekle, R. ve Hamada, K. (2000). On the Development of Rotating Credit Associations in Japan. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 49(1), 77–90. doi:10.1037//1082-989X.5.2
  • Duman, S. (2018). Günümüz Fıkıh Problemleri. (O. Güman, Ed.). İstanbul: Beka Yayıncılık.
  • Durmuş, A. (2010). Fıkıhta Karz (Ödünç) Sözleşmesinde Vade Şartının Bağlayıcılığı Meselesi. İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi, (16), 315–330.
  • El- Ashker, A. ve Wilson, R. (2019). İslam İktisadının Kısa Tarihi. İstanbul: İktisat Yayınları.
  • Eminevim. (2020). Merak Edilenler. 26 Nisan 2020 tarihinde https://www.eminevim.com/merak-edilenler adresinden erişildi.
  • Eroǧlu, Ş. (2010). Informal finance and the urban poor: An investigation of rotating savings and credit associations in Turkey. Journal of Social Policy, 39(3), 461–481. doi:10.1017/S0047279409990699
  • Gan, P.-T. (2010). Optimal Monetary Policy for Malaysia: Islamic Rule versus Conventional Rule. Review of Islamic Economics, 14(2), 47–68.
  • Geertz, C. (1962). The Rotating Credit Association: A “Middle Rung” in Development. Source: Economic Development and Cultural Change, 10(3), 241–263.
  • Graeber, D. (2015). Borç İlk 5000 Yıl. (M. Pehlivan, Çev.) (1. bs.). İstanbul: Everest.
  • Gugerty, M. K. (2007). You Cant Save Alone Commitment in Rotating Saving and Credit Associations in Kenya. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 55(2), 251–282.
  • Harper, M. (1994). Musharaka partnership financing - an approach to venture capital for microenterprise. Small Enterprise Development, 5(4), 27–36. doi:10.3362/0957-1329.1994.037
  • Hassan, A. ve Harahap, S. S. (2010). Exploring corporate social responsibility disclosure: the case of Islamic banks. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 3(3), 203–227.
  • Kahyaoglu, M. B., Alpay, E. E. ve Yavuz, M. (2016). Why People Participate Rosca? New Evidence From Turkey. Journal of Business, Economics and Finance, 5(2), 242–257.
  • Karayiğit, E. (2015). Gendered Fields in Women’s Leisure Tıme Experiences: The Case of “Gün” meetings in Ankara. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12618731/index.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Kaya, S. (2019). Fıkıh Konusunda Bilinmesi Gereken 88 Soru. (O. Güman ve S. Duman, Ed.). İstanbul: Beyan Yayınları.
  • Khan, F. (2010). How “Islamic” is Islamic Banking? Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2010.09.015
  • Kirton, C. (1996). Rotating Savings and Credit Associations in Jamaica: Some Empirical Findigs on Partner. Social and Economic Studies, 45(2), 195–224.
  • Levenson, A. R. ve Besley, T. (1996). The anatomy of an informal financial market: Rosca participation in Taiwan. Journal of Development Economics, 51(1), 45–68. doi:10.1016/S0304-3878(96)00425-7
  • Neuman, W. L. (2014). Toplumsal Araştırma Yöntemleri. (S. Özge, Çev.). Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Pollard, J. ve Samers, M. (2007). Islamic Banking and Finance: Postcolonial Political Economy and the Decentring of Economic Geography. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. doi:10.4337/9781843765318
  • Sadr, S. K. (2017). The optimum size of rotating qarḍ ḥasan savings and credit associations. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 9(1), 15–26. doi:10.1108/IJIF-07-2017-003
  • Tchuindjo, L. (1999). The Evolution Of An Informal Financial Institutıon: The Rotating Savings And Credit Associatıon In Cameroon. African Review of Money Finance and Banking, 5–20. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23026369 adresinden erişildi.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2020). Konut İstatistikleri. 20 Mart 2020 tarihinde http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1056 adresinden erişildi.
  • Ullah, M. S., Naimi, N. Bin ve Yusoff, R. B. M. (2016). The Impact of Entrepreneurs’ Levels of Education, Age and Years in Business on Their Decision to Obtain Finance for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMES) From Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (ROSCAS) in Lahore. The Social Sciences, 11(13), 3252–3256. doi:10.3923/sscience.2016.3252.3256

Informal Rotating Savings and Credit Associations From The Perspective of Islamic Economics: A Mixed-Method Study

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 31 - 66, 30.06.2021

Abdullah Talha Genç Ali Can Yenice Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan

https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.864080

Abstract

In this study, “güns” from non-bank financial structures (money-gold, foreign exchange, etc.) are discussed and whether these practices, which are a part of social relations, are an alternative solution in terms of coinciding with the goals of Islamic economics. In the framework of the research, mixed method was preferred in order to discover the functioning of the güns with social, economic and fiqh aspects and the characteristics of the participants and to determine the factors affecting the participation in the güns.Due to the informal type of the gün phenomenon, exploratory sequential design was used in the study. In this design, firstly, qualitative method and secondly, quantitative method is used in order to discover the phenomenon discussed. In the qualitative part of the study, eight themes were discovered for the phenomenon of the gün: trust, socialization, solidarity, religious sensitivity, saving, investment, consumption and inability to access financial markets. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis carried out in the quantitative part, it was determined that the inability to benefit from formal financial markets, spiritual dimension, socialization, contribution to the family budget, basic consumption, avoidance of interest, forcing savings and investment factors affect participation in the gün. Afterwards, it was tested whether there are significant differences in these factors according to gender, education level, profession and household monthly income level.Investigating the phenomenon of güns with mixed method and determining the spiritual dimension as a factor constitute the original aspects of this study. Accordingly, it is claimed that the güns with social, economic and fiqh dimensions are an Islamic financial phenomenon outside the bank.

Keywords

islamic economics non-bank financial structures güns

References

  • Aksak, E. ve Asutay, M. (2011). Does Islamic Finance Make the World Economically and Financially Safer? Islamic Finance and Its Implications on Sustainable Economic Growth. 8th International Conference on Islamic Economics and Finance.
  • Aliero, I. H. (2014). An Analytical Review on The Concept , Financial Practices and Shari’ah Compatibility Of Rotating Saving And Credit Associations (ROSCAs). Journal of Islamic Economics, 10(4), 129.
  • Ambec, S. ve Treich, N. (2003). Roscas as financial agreements to cope with social pressure. Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (C. 103). http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:Roscas+as+financial+agreements+to+cope+with+social+pressure#0 adresinden erişildi.
  • Ambec, Stefan ve Treich, N. (2007). Roscas as financial agreements to cope with self-control problems. Journal of Development Economics, 82(1), 120–137. doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2005.09.005
  • Apaydın, H. Y. (2001). Karz. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. Ankara: TDV Yayınları.
  • Ardener, S. (1964a). The Comparative Study of Rotating Credit Associations. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 94(2), 201–229. doi:10.2307/2844382
  • Ardener, S. (1964b). The Comparative Study of Rotating Credit Associations. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 94(2), 201–229. doi:10.2307/2844382
  • Aredo, D. (2004). Rotating Savings And Credit Associations: Characterization With Particular Reference To The Ethiopian Iqqub. Savings and Development, 28(2), 179–200. https://about.jstor.org/terms adresinden erişildi.
  • Asutay, M. (2012). Conceptualising and Locating the Social Failure of Islamic Finance: Aspirations of Islamic Moral Economy vs the Realities of Islamic Finance. Asian and African area studies, 11(2), 93–113.
  • Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A. ve Merrouche, O. (2013). Islamic vs. Conventional Banking: Business Model, Efficiency and Stability. Journal of Banking and Finance, 37(2), 433–447. doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.09.016
  • Besley, T., Coate, S. ve Loury, G. (1993). The Economics of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations. The American Economic Review, 83(4), 792–810.
  • Büyükokutan, A. (2012). Geleneksel Altın Günlerine Halkbilimsel Bir Yaklaşım: “Muğla Örneği”. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, (14), 117–133.
  • Chong, S. B. ve Liu, M.-H. (2009). Islamic banking Interest-free or interest-based.pdf. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 125–144.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2017a). Karma Yöntem Araştırmalarına Giriş. (M. Sözbilir, Çev.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2017b). Araştırma Deseni-Nitel, Nicel ve Karma Yöntem Yaklaşımları. (S. B. Demir, Çev.). Ankara: Eğiten Kitap.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2019). Eğitim Araştırmaları. (H. Ekşi, Çev.). Istanbul: EDAM.
  • Dekle, R. ve Hamada, K. (2000). On the Development of Rotating Credit Associations in Japan. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 49(1), 77–90. doi:10.1037//1082-989X.5.2
  • Duman, S. (2018). Günümüz Fıkıh Problemleri. (O. Güman, Ed.). İstanbul: Beka Yayıncılık.
  • Durmuş, A. (2010). Fıkıhta Karz (Ödünç) Sözleşmesinde Vade Şartının Bağlayıcılığı Meselesi. İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi, (16), 315–330.
  • El- Ashker, A. ve Wilson, R. (2019). İslam İktisadının Kısa Tarihi. İstanbul: İktisat Yayınları.
  • Eminevim. (2020). Merak Edilenler. 26 Nisan 2020 tarihinde https://www.eminevim.com/merak-edilenler adresinden erişildi.
  • Eroǧlu, Ş. (2010). Informal finance and the urban poor: An investigation of rotating savings and credit associations in Turkey. Journal of Social Policy, 39(3), 461–481. doi:10.1017/S0047279409990699
  • Gan, P.-T. (2010). Optimal Monetary Policy for Malaysia: Islamic Rule versus Conventional Rule. Review of Islamic Economics, 14(2), 47–68.
  • Geertz, C. (1962). The Rotating Credit Association: A “Middle Rung” in Development. Source: Economic Development and Cultural Change, 10(3), 241–263.
  • Graeber, D. (2015). Borç İlk 5000 Yıl. (M. Pehlivan, Çev.) (1. bs.). İstanbul: Everest.
  • Gugerty, M. K. (2007). You Cant Save Alone Commitment in Rotating Saving and Credit Associations in Kenya. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 55(2), 251–282.
  • Harper, M. (1994). Musharaka partnership financing - an approach to venture capital for microenterprise. Small Enterprise Development, 5(4), 27–36. doi:10.3362/0957-1329.1994.037
  • Hassan, A. ve Harahap, S. S. (2010). Exploring corporate social responsibility disclosure: the case of Islamic banks. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 3(3), 203–227.
  • Kahyaoglu, M. B., Alpay, E. E. ve Yavuz, M. (2016). Why People Participate Rosca? New Evidence From Turkey. Journal of Business, Economics and Finance, 5(2), 242–257.
  • Karayiğit, E. (2015). Gendered Fields in Women’s Leisure Tıme Experiences: The Case of “Gün” meetings in Ankara. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12618731/index.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Kaya, S. (2019). Fıkıh Konusunda Bilinmesi Gereken 88 Soru. (O. Güman ve S. Duman, Ed.). İstanbul: Beyan Yayınları.
  • Khan, F. (2010). How “Islamic” is Islamic Banking? Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2010.09.015
  • Kirton, C. (1996). Rotating Savings and Credit Associations in Jamaica: Some Empirical Findigs on Partner. Social and Economic Studies, 45(2), 195–224.
  • Levenson, A. R. ve Besley, T. (1996). The anatomy of an informal financial market: Rosca participation in Taiwan. Journal of Development Economics, 51(1), 45–68. doi:10.1016/S0304-3878(96)00425-7
  • Neuman, W. L. (2014). Toplumsal Araştırma Yöntemleri. (S. Özge, Çev.). Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Pollard, J. ve Samers, M. (2007). Islamic Banking and Finance: Postcolonial Political Economy and the Decentring of Economic Geography. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. doi:10.4337/9781843765318
  • Sadr, S. K. (2017). The optimum size of rotating qarḍ ḥasan savings and credit associations. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 9(1), 15–26. doi:10.1108/IJIF-07-2017-003
  • Tchuindjo, L. (1999). The Evolution Of An Informal Financial Institutıon: The Rotating Savings And Credit Associatıon In Cameroon. African Review of Money Finance and Banking, 5–20. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23026369 adresinden erişildi.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2020). Konut İstatistikleri. 20 Mart 2020 tarihinde http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1056 adresinden erişildi.
  • Ullah, M. S., Naimi, N. Bin ve Yusoff, R. B. M. (2016). The Impact of Entrepreneurs’ Levels of Education, Age and Years in Business on Their Decision to Obtain Finance for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMES) From Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (ROSCAS) in Lahore. The Social Sciences, 11(13), 3252–3256. doi:10.3923/sscience.2016.3252.3256
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Abdullah Talha Genç 0000-0001-8811-8609

Ali Can Yenice 0000-0002-1869-6814

Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan

Publication Date June 30, 2021
Submission Date January 19, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Genç, A. T., Yenice, A. C., & Orhan, Z. H. (2021). İslami İktisat Çerçevesinde Günler: Karma Yöntem Araştırması. Adam Academy Journal of Social Sciences, 11(1), 31-66. https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.864080
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