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İslam Ekonomisi Açısından Beşeri ve Sosyal Sermaye Kavramlarının Eleştirel Bir Analizi

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 89 - 110, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.875420

Abstract

Kişinin kendisiyle ve çevresiyle kurduğu ilişkideki dönüşüm sonucu ortaya çıkan beşeri ve sosyal sermaye kavramlarını merkezine alan bu çalışma, İslam ekonomisinin varlık ve bilgi anlayışından yola çıkarak bu kavramları eleştirel bir analize tabi tutmayı hedeflemektedir. İslam ekonomisi açısından, kişinin başta kendisi olmak üzere, ailesi, akrabaları, komşuları ve arkadaşları ile kurması gereken ilişki biçimi ve bu ilişkinin gereklilikleri İslam ahlakı prensipleri çerçevesinde normatif bir şekilde belirlenmektedir. Günümüz kapitalist piyasa sistemi tarafından şekillenen toplumlarda ise söz konusu ilişkilerin beşeri ve sosyal sermaye olarak tanımlanması ve ekonomik bir sermayeye dönüştürülebilir doğası üzerinden anlam yüklenmesi kapitalist bakış açısının insanlar arasındaki ilişkilerin doğasına da sirayet ettiğine işaret etmektedir. Kapitalist piyasa sistemi tarafından şekillenen bu ilişkiler, İslam ekonomisinin varlık anlayışı çerçevesinden insanın yaratılış amacı olan Allah’a kulluk üzerinden tanımlanmakta ve bu ilişkilerin bir meta haline gelmeme gerekliliği vurgulanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, beşeri ve sosyal sermaye kavramlarının analizinden sonra bu ilişkilerin toplumsal düzeyde içselleştirilmesinin temel enstrümanı olan okul kurumunu (i) eğitimin amacı, (ii) eğitimin veriliş şekli ve (iii) eğitim müfredatının içeriği başlıkları üzerinden eleştirel bir analize odaklanmıştır.

Thanks

Metnin son haline gelmesine geri bildirimleriyle katkı sağlayan Firdevs Erva GENÇ'e teşekkür ederim.

References

  • Al-Bouti, R. (2005). Dawabit al-Maslaha fi al-Shari’ah al-Islamiyya. Resalah Publishers.
  • Al-Sadr, M. B. (1981). Our Economy. Dar Al-Ta’aruf Press, Beirut.
  • Althusser, L. (2014). On the reproduction of capitalism: Ideology and ideological state apparatuses. Verso.
  • Asutay, M. (2007). A Political Economy Approach to Islamic economics: Systemic Understanding for an Alternative Economic System. Kyoto Bulletin of Islamic Area Studies, 1(2), 3-18.
  • Atçıl, A. (2018). Scholars and sultans in the early modern Ottoman Empire. New York : Cambridge University Press.
  • Auda, J. (2010). Maqasid al-shariah as philosophy of Islamic law: A systems approach. Islamic Book Trust.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of Capital. İçinde J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education (ss. 241-258). Greenwood.
  • Boyles, D. (2000). American Education and Corporations: The Free Market Goes to School. Taylor & Francis.
  • Choudhury, M. A. (2018). Tawhidi Islamic economics in reference to the methodology arising from the Qurʾān and the Sunnah. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 10(2), 263-276.
  • Çakan, M. (2004). Öğretmenlerin ölçme-değerlendirme uygulamaları ve yeterlik düzeyleri: İlk ve ortaöğretim. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(2), 99-114.
  • Çeli̇kten, M. (2006). Kültür ve Öğretmen Metaforları. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(21), 269-283.
  • Demirer, D. K. (2012). Eğitimde piyasalaşma ve öğretmen emeğinde dönüşüm. Çalışma ve Toplum, 1(32), 167-186.
  • Ducatel, K. (1998). Learning and skills in the knowledge economy. DRUID.
  • Ertunç, Ç. Ö. (2019). Geleneksel Sanatlarda Eğitim Modeli ve İcazet Geleneği. İSTEM, 34, 477-487.
  • Fischer, G. (2000). Lifelong Learning—More Than Training. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 11(3), 265-294. Floress, K., Prokopy, L. S., ve Allred: B. (2011). It’s Who You Know: Social Capital, Social Networks, and Watershed Groups. Society & Natural Resources, 24(9), 871-886.
  • Gök, F. (2005). Üniversiteye girişte umut pazarı: Özel dershaneler. Eğitim Bilim Toplum, 3(11), 102-109.
  • Güngör, M. (1993). Cessâs. İçinde TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi (C. 7: 427-428). TDV İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi. /zeyd-b-sabit
  • Hallaq, W. B. (2018). Restating Orientalism: A critique of modern knowledge.
  • Halpern, R. (1999). After-school programs for low-income children: Promise and challenges. The future of children, 81-95.
  • Hesapçioğlu, M., ve Nohutçu, A. (2013). VELÎLERİN ÖZEL OKUL TERCİHLERİNİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER VE ÖZEL OKULLARIN REKLAM STRATEJİLERİ. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(11), 183-202.
  • Ignatowski, G., Stopczynski, B., ve Trebska, J. (2019). Paradox of Nepotism in Enterprises in Poland and Ukraine: Social Capital Perspective. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 2, 295-313.
  • Ihlen, Ø. (2005). The power of social capital: Adapting Bourdieu to the study of public relations. Public Relations Review, 31(4), 492-496.
  • Illich, I. (2013). Okulsuz toplum (M. Özay, Çev.; 8. bs). Şule Yayınları. Jorgenson, D. W., ve Siebert, C. D. (1968). Optimal Capital Accumulation and Corporate Investment Behavior. Journal of Political Economy, 76(6), 1123-1151.
  • Khasawneh: (2010). Factors Influencing the Career Planning and Development of University Students in Jordan. Australian Journal of Career Development, 19(2), 41-48.
  • Knapper, C., ve Cropley, A. J. (2000). Lifelong Learning in Higher Education. Psychology Press. Laroche, M., Mérette, M., ve Ruggeri, G. C. (1999). On the Concept and Dimensions of Human Capital in a Knowledge-Based Economy Context. Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques, 25(1), 87-100.
  • Leland, C. H., ve Kasten, W. C. (2002). Literacy Education for the 21st Century: It’s Time to Close the Factory. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 18(1), 5-15.
  • Macdonald, M. (1991). Post-Fordism and the Flexibility Debate. Studies in Political Economy, 36(1), 177-201.
  • Magnuson, C. S., ve Starr, M. F. (2000). How Early Is Too Early to Begin Life Career Planning? The Importance of the Elementary School Years. Journal of Career Development, 27(2), 89-101.
  • Murphey, R., ve Stapleton, K. (2019). A history of Asia. New York: Routledge.
  • Orman: (2015). İslam Entelektüel Geleneğinde İktisadi Boyutun Teşekkülü: Şeybânî, Serahsî ve Kitâbu’l-Kesb (II). İslam Ekonomisi ve Finansı Dergisi, 1(2), 23-67.
  • Pillai, K. G., Hodgkinson, G. P., Kalyanaram, G., ve Nair: R. (2017). The Negative Effects of Social Capital in Organizations: A Review and Extension. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), 97-124.
  • Polanyi, K. (2001). The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time (2nd bs). Beacon Press.
  • Powell, W. W., ve Snellman, K. (2004). The Knowledge Economy. Annual Review of Sociology, 30(1), 199-220.
  • Rawlinson, H. G. (2001). Ancient and medieval history of India. Bharatiya Kala Prakashan.
  • Reich, R. B. (1989). The resurgent liberal: (And other unfashionable prophecies). Random House.
  • Robinson, K. (2017). Out of our minds: Learning to be creative.
  • Rosen: (1983). Specialization and Human Capital. Journal of Labor Economics, 1(1), 43-49.
  • Rotimi, A. (2005). Paradox of “Progress”: The Role of Western Education in the Transformation of the Family in Nigeria. The Anthropologist, 7(2), 137-147.
  • Sancakli: (2010). Ahilik Ahlâkının Oluşumunda Hadislerin Etkisi. İnönü Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1), 1-28.
  • Schi̇ck, İ. C. (2017). İslâmî Kitap San’atlarında Standartlaşma: Usta-Çırak İlişkisi ve İcazet Geleneği. Osmanlı Araştırmaları, 49(49), 231-266.
  • Schultz, T. W. (1961). Investment in Human Capital. The American Economic Review, 51(1), 1-17.
  • Seth: (2007). Subject Lessons: The Western Education of Colonial India. Duke University Press.
  • Shāṭibī, I. ibn M. (1999). El-Muvâfakât: İslâmi İlimler Metodolojisi. İz.
  • Siddiki̇, C. (2014). Mescitten Medreseye Dönüşümün Kurumsal ve Düşünsel Açıdan İncelenmesi. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (KTUİFD), 1(2), 147-163.
  • Slomczynski, K., ve Tomescu-Dubrow, I. (2005). Friendship patterns and upward mobility: A test of social capital hypothesis. Polish Sociological Review, 151(3), 221-235.
  • Şad: N., ve Akdağ, M. (2010). EVDE EĞİTİM. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 40(188), 19-31.
  • Villalonga-Olives, E., ve Kawachi, I. (2017). The dark side of social capital: A systematic review of the negative health effects of social capital. Social Science & Medicine, 194, 105-127.
  • Vivarelli, M. (2014). Innovation, Employment and Skills in Advanced and Developing Countries: A Survey of Economic Literature. Journal of Economic Issues, 48(1), 123-154.
  • Wolf, B. M., ve Wright, L. (2014). Designing Curriculum for Real-World International Business Needs. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 25(3), 165-184.
  • Yilmaz, Y. (2012). Hz. Peygamber Dönemi Eğitimine Genel Bir Bakış. Dini Araştırmalar, 15(40).
  • Zingat. (2017). Bir Kitabı Kaç Günde Bitiriyorsun Çankaya? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKPFwvAyK2U

A Critical Analysis of Human and Social Capital Concepts from the Perspective of Islamic Economics

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 89 - 110, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.875420

Abstract

This study, which focuses on the concepts of human and social capital that emerged as a result of the transformation of the relationship that a person establishes with himself and with his environment, aims to critically analyze these concepts, based on the understanding of the ontology and epistemology of Islamic economics. From the perspective of Islamic economics, the form of relationship that a person should establish with herself, family, relatives, neighbors and friends and the requirements of this relationship are normatively determined according to Islamic moral principles. In societies that are shaped by contemporary capitalist market system, defining these relations as human and social capital and attributing meaning to their nature that can be transformed into an economic capital signifies that the capitalist perspective shapes the nature of the relationship among the people. It is emphasized that these relations, which have been shaped by the capitalist market system, should be defined in terms of servitude to Allah, the purpose of human creation, and the necessity of these relations not to become a commodity from the ontological framework of Islamic economics. After the analysis of the concepts of human and social capital, the study focuses on a critical analysis of the school institution, which is the main instrument of internalizing these relations at the societal level, is made through the titles of (i) the purpose of education, (ii) the way of delivery of education, and (iii) the content of the education curriculum.

References

  • Al-Bouti, R. (2005). Dawabit al-Maslaha fi al-Shari’ah al-Islamiyya. Resalah Publishers.
  • Al-Sadr, M. B. (1981). Our Economy. Dar Al-Ta’aruf Press, Beirut.
  • Althusser, L. (2014). On the reproduction of capitalism: Ideology and ideological state apparatuses. Verso.
  • Asutay, M. (2007). A Political Economy Approach to Islamic economics: Systemic Understanding for an Alternative Economic System. Kyoto Bulletin of Islamic Area Studies, 1(2), 3-18.
  • Atçıl, A. (2018). Scholars and sultans in the early modern Ottoman Empire. New York : Cambridge University Press.
  • Auda, J. (2010). Maqasid al-shariah as philosophy of Islamic law: A systems approach. Islamic Book Trust.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of Capital. İçinde J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education (ss. 241-258). Greenwood.
  • Boyles, D. (2000). American Education and Corporations: The Free Market Goes to School. Taylor & Francis.
  • Choudhury, M. A. (2018). Tawhidi Islamic economics in reference to the methodology arising from the Qurʾān and the Sunnah. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 10(2), 263-276.
  • Çakan, M. (2004). Öğretmenlerin ölçme-değerlendirme uygulamaları ve yeterlik düzeyleri: İlk ve ortaöğretim. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(2), 99-114.
  • Çeli̇kten, M. (2006). Kültür ve Öğretmen Metaforları. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(21), 269-283.
  • Demirer, D. K. (2012). Eğitimde piyasalaşma ve öğretmen emeğinde dönüşüm. Çalışma ve Toplum, 1(32), 167-186.
  • Ducatel, K. (1998). Learning and skills in the knowledge economy. DRUID.
  • Ertunç, Ç. Ö. (2019). Geleneksel Sanatlarda Eğitim Modeli ve İcazet Geleneği. İSTEM, 34, 477-487.
  • Fischer, G. (2000). Lifelong Learning—More Than Training. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 11(3), 265-294. Floress, K., Prokopy, L. S., ve Allred: B. (2011). It’s Who You Know: Social Capital, Social Networks, and Watershed Groups. Society & Natural Resources, 24(9), 871-886.
  • Gök, F. (2005). Üniversiteye girişte umut pazarı: Özel dershaneler. Eğitim Bilim Toplum, 3(11), 102-109.
  • Güngör, M. (1993). Cessâs. İçinde TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi (C. 7: 427-428). TDV İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi. /zeyd-b-sabit
  • Hallaq, W. B. (2018). Restating Orientalism: A critique of modern knowledge.
  • Halpern, R. (1999). After-school programs for low-income children: Promise and challenges. The future of children, 81-95.
  • Hesapçioğlu, M., ve Nohutçu, A. (2013). VELÎLERİN ÖZEL OKUL TERCİHLERİNİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER VE ÖZEL OKULLARIN REKLAM STRATEJİLERİ. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(11), 183-202.
  • Ignatowski, G., Stopczynski, B., ve Trebska, J. (2019). Paradox of Nepotism in Enterprises in Poland and Ukraine: Social Capital Perspective. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 2, 295-313.
  • Ihlen, Ø. (2005). The power of social capital: Adapting Bourdieu to the study of public relations. Public Relations Review, 31(4), 492-496.
  • Illich, I. (2013). Okulsuz toplum (M. Özay, Çev.; 8. bs). Şule Yayınları. Jorgenson, D. W., ve Siebert, C. D. (1968). Optimal Capital Accumulation and Corporate Investment Behavior. Journal of Political Economy, 76(6), 1123-1151.
  • Khasawneh: (2010). Factors Influencing the Career Planning and Development of University Students in Jordan. Australian Journal of Career Development, 19(2), 41-48.
  • Knapper, C., ve Cropley, A. J. (2000). Lifelong Learning in Higher Education. Psychology Press. Laroche, M., Mérette, M., ve Ruggeri, G. C. (1999). On the Concept and Dimensions of Human Capital in a Knowledge-Based Economy Context. Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques, 25(1), 87-100.
  • Leland, C. H., ve Kasten, W. C. (2002). Literacy Education for the 21st Century: It’s Time to Close the Factory. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 18(1), 5-15.
  • Macdonald, M. (1991). Post-Fordism and the Flexibility Debate. Studies in Political Economy, 36(1), 177-201.
  • Magnuson, C. S., ve Starr, M. F. (2000). How Early Is Too Early to Begin Life Career Planning? The Importance of the Elementary School Years. Journal of Career Development, 27(2), 89-101.
  • Murphey, R., ve Stapleton, K. (2019). A history of Asia. New York: Routledge.
  • Orman: (2015). İslam Entelektüel Geleneğinde İktisadi Boyutun Teşekkülü: Şeybânî, Serahsî ve Kitâbu’l-Kesb (II). İslam Ekonomisi ve Finansı Dergisi, 1(2), 23-67.
  • Pillai, K. G., Hodgkinson, G. P., Kalyanaram, G., ve Nair: R. (2017). The Negative Effects of Social Capital in Organizations: A Review and Extension. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), 97-124.
  • Polanyi, K. (2001). The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time (2nd bs). Beacon Press.
  • Powell, W. W., ve Snellman, K. (2004). The Knowledge Economy. Annual Review of Sociology, 30(1), 199-220.
  • Rawlinson, H. G. (2001). Ancient and medieval history of India. Bharatiya Kala Prakashan.
  • Reich, R. B. (1989). The resurgent liberal: (And other unfashionable prophecies). Random House.
  • Robinson, K. (2017). Out of our minds: Learning to be creative.
  • Rosen: (1983). Specialization and Human Capital. Journal of Labor Economics, 1(1), 43-49.
  • Rotimi, A. (2005). Paradox of “Progress”: The Role of Western Education in the Transformation of the Family in Nigeria. The Anthropologist, 7(2), 137-147.
  • Sancakli: (2010). Ahilik Ahlâkının Oluşumunda Hadislerin Etkisi. İnönü Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1), 1-28.
  • Schi̇ck, İ. C. (2017). İslâmî Kitap San’atlarında Standartlaşma: Usta-Çırak İlişkisi ve İcazet Geleneği. Osmanlı Araştırmaları, 49(49), 231-266.
  • Schultz, T. W. (1961). Investment in Human Capital. The American Economic Review, 51(1), 1-17.
  • Seth: (2007). Subject Lessons: The Western Education of Colonial India. Duke University Press.
  • Shāṭibī, I. ibn M. (1999). El-Muvâfakât: İslâmi İlimler Metodolojisi. İz.
  • Siddiki̇, C. (2014). Mescitten Medreseye Dönüşümün Kurumsal ve Düşünsel Açıdan İncelenmesi. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (KTUİFD), 1(2), 147-163.
  • Slomczynski, K., ve Tomescu-Dubrow, I. (2005). Friendship patterns and upward mobility: A test of social capital hypothesis. Polish Sociological Review, 151(3), 221-235.
  • Şad: N., ve Akdağ, M. (2010). EVDE EĞİTİM. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 40(188), 19-31.
  • Villalonga-Olives, E., ve Kawachi, I. (2017). The dark side of social capital: A systematic review of the negative health effects of social capital. Social Science & Medicine, 194, 105-127.
  • Vivarelli, M. (2014). Innovation, Employment and Skills in Advanced and Developing Countries: A Survey of Economic Literature. Journal of Economic Issues, 48(1), 123-154.
  • Wolf, B. M., ve Wright, L. (2014). Designing Curriculum for Real-World International Business Needs. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 25(3), 165-184.
  • Yilmaz, Y. (2012). Hz. Peygamber Dönemi Eğitimine Genel Bir Bakış. Dini Araştırmalar, 15(40).
  • Zingat. (2017). Bir Kitabı Kaç Günde Bitiriyorsun Çankaya? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKPFwvAyK2U
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Harun Şencal 0000-0003-3617-8954

Publication Date June 30, 2021
Submission Date January 5, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şencal, H. (2021). İslam Ekonomisi Açısından Beşeri ve Sosyal Sermaye Kavramlarının Eleştirel Bir Analizi. Adam Academy Journal of Social Sciences, 11(1), 89-110. https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.875420

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