Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 211 - 224, 25.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1018477

Abstract

References

  • Al-Ghazali, A. hamid. (2014a). Al-Ghazali on Intention, Sincerity and Truthfulness. Book XXXVII of the Revival of the Religious Sciences (Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din). The Islamic Texts Society.
  • Al-Ghazali, A. hamid. (2014b). Fear and Hope. Islamic Book Trust.
  • Al-Mawardi. (2013). Adad al-Dunya wa Al-Din. Dar al-Minhaj, Jeddah.
  • Atfield, G., & Purcell, K. (2010). Graduate Labour Market Supply and Demand: Final Year Students’ Perceptions of the Skills They Have to Offer and the Skills Employers Seek. Warwick Institute for Employment Research, September, 1–30.
  • Bartelink, V. H. M., Zay Ya, K., Guldbrandsson, K., & Bremberg, S. (2019). Unemployment among young people and mental health: A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 48(5), 544–558. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494819852847
  • Bell, D. N. F., & Blanchflower, D. G. (2011). Young people and the Great Recession. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 27(2), 241–267. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grr011
  • Crowne, K. A., Brown, M., Durant, D., Baburaj, Y., Hornberger, P., McCloskey, D., & Vike, L. (2020). A program for embedding career activities in multiple core business courses. International Journal of Management Education, 18(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100421
  • Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D. R. (2007). Grit: Perseverance and Passion for Long-Term Goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1087
  • Farenga, S. A., & Quinlan, K. M. (2016). Classifying university employability strategies: three case studies and implications for practice and research. Journal of Education and Work, 29(7), 767–787. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080.2015.1064517
  • Fotiadou, M. (2021). “We are here to help you”: understanding the role of careers and employability services in UK universities. Text & Talk. https://doi.org/10.1515/text-2019-0162
  • Gillies, D. (2017). Human Capital Theory in Education. In M. Peters (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Educational Philosophy and Theory (pp. 1–5). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-532-7_254-1
  • Gorard, S., See, B., & Davies, P. (2012). The impact of attitudes and aspirations on educational attainment and participation. Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
  • Green, F., & Henseke, G. (2021). Europe’s evolving graduate labour markets: supply, demand, underemployment and pay. Journal for Labour Market Research, 55(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12651-021-00288-y
  • Gregg, P., & Tominey, E. (2005). The wage scar from male youth unemployment. Labour Economics, 12(4), 487–509. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2005.05.004
  • Hasan, H and Alvi, I. (2021). Attitudes Towards Graduate Unemployment in Southeast Asia: An Examination using Himmah and Rajaa. Forthcoming.
  • Ibn-Qayyim, A.-J. (2020). Ranks of the Divine Seekers. Brill.
  • ILO, I. L. O. (2020). ILOSTAT database. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.1524.ZS
  • Jachimowicz, J. M., Wihler, A., Bailey, E. R., & Galinsky, A. D. (2018). Why grit requires perseverance and passion to positively predict performance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803561115
  • Jonathan, W., & J., T. J. (2019). Preparing graduates for work readiness: an overview and agenda. Education + Training, 61(5), 536–551. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-03-2019-0044
  • Kallgren, C. A., Reno, R. R., & Cialdini, R. B. (2000). A Focus Theory of Normative Conduct: When Norms Do and Do not Affect Behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(8), 1002–1012. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672002610009
  • Kanfer, R., Frese, M., & Johnson, R. E. (2017). Motivation related to work: A century of progress. Journal of Applied Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000133
  • Mohebbi, S. Z., Gholami, M., Chegini, M., Ghoreyshi, Y., Gorter, R. C., & Bahramian, H. (2021). Impact of career choice motivation on academic burnout in senior dental students: A cross-sectional study. BMC Medical Education. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02475-w
  • Nadwi, A.-H. (1986). Saviours of the Islamic Spirit. Academy of Islamic Research and Publications.
  • Passaretta, G., & Triventi, M. (2015). Work experience during higher education and post-graduation occupational outcomes: A comparative study on four European countries. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 56(3–4), 232–253. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020715215587772
  • Reese, R. J., & Miller, C. D. (2006). Effects of a university career development course on career decision-making self-efficacy. Journal of Career Assessment, 14(2), 252–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072705274985
  • Roberto, C. A., & Kawachi, I. (2014). Use of psychology and behavioral economics to promote healthy eating. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47(6), 832–837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.08.002
  • Strandh, M., Winefield, A., Nilsson, K., & Hammarström, A. (2014). Unemployment and mental health scarring during the life course. European Journal of Public Health, 24(3), 440–445. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cku005
  • Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2009). Nudge: improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness.
  • Thaler, R. H., & Benartzi, S. (2004). Save More TomorrowTM: Using Behavioral Economics to Increase Employee Saving. Journal of Political Economy, 112(S1), S164–S187. https://doi.org/10.1086/380085
  • Turok, I., Kintrea, K., & St Clair, R. (2009). Shaping educational attitudes and aspirations: the influence of parents, place and poverty: stage 1 report. Eprints.Gla.Ac.Uk.
  • Universities UK. (2015). Supply And Demand For Higher-Level Skills. https://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/policy-and-analysis/reports/Documents/2015/supply-and-demand-for-higher-level-skills.pdf#search=over supply
  • Wali Allah, S., & Hermansen, M. (2003). The conclusive argument from God: Shah Wali Allah of Delhi’s Hujjat Allah al-baligha.
  • Watt, H. M. G., & Richardson, P. W. (2008). Motivations, perceptions, and aspirations concerning teaching as a career for different types of beginning teachers. Learning and Instruction. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2008.06.002
  • Williams, G. (1985). Graduate Employment and Vocationalism in Higher Education. European Journal of Education, 20(2/3), 181–192. https://doi.org/10.2307/1502948
  • Youth Team, I. (2020). Youth & COVID-19: Impacts on jobs, education, rights and mental well-being. https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/youth-employment/publications/WCMS_753026/lang--en/index.htm

Tackling Graduate Unemployment: A Theoretical Framework

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 211 - 224, 25.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1018477

Abstract

Youth unemployment is a growing, global issue with regions of the Muslim world being particularly exposed to the problem. This paper examines a sub-set of this issue; graduate unemployment. In particular it seeks to understand the role of student aspirations, knowledge and motivation in tackling this issue.

The paper draws on the Islamic literature to develop a theoretical framework of ‘Uluww-al-himmah, high-aiming aspirations, and Rajaa, true hope. These concepts are studied with the aim of improving not only graduate employment rates, but also the wellbeing of graduates who do not find employment.

The theoretical framework provides a more holistic approach through which policy makers may address the issue of graduate unemployment by delineating four interrelated axis that impact graduate employment, namely, Reach, Purity of Purpose, Knowledge and Strength of Intention. By doing so the framework facilitates the appraisal of educational spend by intervention type thus highlighting underserved priority areas; allows policy interventions to be evaluated through the tracking of student progress against each axis; and allows policy interventions to be customised at the individual student level to reflect the heterogeneity present between students. The paper therefore provides a fresh perspective for policy makers and institutional leaders to pursue.

References

  • Al-Ghazali, A. hamid. (2014a). Al-Ghazali on Intention, Sincerity and Truthfulness. Book XXXVII of the Revival of the Religious Sciences (Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din). The Islamic Texts Society.
  • Al-Ghazali, A. hamid. (2014b). Fear and Hope. Islamic Book Trust.
  • Al-Mawardi. (2013). Adad al-Dunya wa Al-Din. Dar al-Minhaj, Jeddah.
  • Atfield, G., & Purcell, K. (2010). Graduate Labour Market Supply and Demand: Final Year Students’ Perceptions of the Skills They Have to Offer and the Skills Employers Seek. Warwick Institute for Employment Research, September, 1–30.
  • Bartelink, V. H. M., Zay Ya, K., Guldbrandsson, K., & Bremberg, S. (2019). Unemployment among young people and mental health: A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 48(5), 544–558. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494819852847
  • Bell, D. N. F., & Blanchflower, D. G. (2011). Young people and the Great Recession. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 27(2), 241–267. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grr011
  • Crowne, K. A., Brown, M., Durant, D., Baburaj, Y., Hornberger, P., McCloskey, D., & Vike, L. (2020). A program for embedding career activities in multiple core business courses. International Journal of Management Education, 18(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100421
  • Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D. R. (2007). Grit: Perseverance and Passion for Long-Term Goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1087
  • Farenga, S. A., & Quinlan, K. M. (2016). Classifying university employability strategies: three case studies and implications for practice and research. Journal of Education and Work, 29(7), 767–787. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080.2015.1064517
  • Fotiadou, M. (2021). “We are here to help you”: understanding the role of careers and employability services in UK universities. Text & Talk. https://doi.org/10.1515/text-2019-0162
  • Gillies, D. (2017). Human Capital Theory in Education. In M. Peters (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Educational Philosophy and Theory (pp. 1–5). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-532-7_254-1
  • Gorard, S., See, B., & Davies, P. (2012). The impact of attitudes and aspirations on educational attainment and participation. Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
  • Green, F., & Henseke, G. (2021). Europe’s evolving graduate labour markets: supply, demand, underemployment and pay. Journal for Labour Market Research, 55(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12651-021-00288-y
  • Gregg, P., & Tominey, E. (2005). The wage scar from male youth unemployment. Labour Economics, 12(4), 487–509. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2005.05.004
  • Hasan, H and Alvi, I. (2021). Attitudes Towards Graduate Unemployment in Southeast Asia: An Examination using Himmah and Rajaa. Forthcoming.
  • Ibn-Qayyim, A.-J. (2020). Ranks of the Divine Seekers. Brill.
  • ILO, I. L. O. (2020). ILOSTAT database. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.1524.ZS
  • Jachimowicz, J. M., Wihler, A., Bailey, E. R., & Galinsky, A. D. (2018). Why grit requires perseverance and passion to positively predict performance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803561115
  • Jonathan, W., & J., T. J. (2019). Preparing graduates for work readiness: an overview and agenda. Education + Training, 61(5), 536–551. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-03-2019-0044
  • Kallgren, C. A., Reno, R. R., & Cialdini, R. B. (2000). A Focus Theory of Normative Conduct: When Norms Do and Do not Affect Behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(8), 1002–1012. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672002610009
  • Kanfer, R., Frese, M., & Johnson, R. E. (2017). Motivation related to work: A century of progress. Journal of Applied Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000133
  • Mohebbi, S. Z., Gholami, M., Chegini, M., Ghoreyshi, Y., Gorter, R. C., & Bahramian, H. (2021). Impact of career choice motivation on academic burnout in senior dental students: A cross-sectional study. BMC Medical Education. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02475-w
  • Nadwi, A.-H. (1986). Saviours of the Islamic Spirit. Academy of Islamic Research and Publications.
  • Passaretta, G., & Triventi, M. (2015). Work experience during higher education and post-graduation occupational outcomes: A comparative study on four European countries. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 56(3–4), 232–253. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020715215587772
  • Reese, R. J., & Miller, C. D. (2006). Effects of a university career development course on career decision-making self-efficacy. Journal of Career Assessment, 14(2), 252–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072705274985
  • Roberto, C. A., & Kawachi, I. (2014). Use of psychology and behavioral economics to promote healthy eating. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47(6), 832–837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.08.002
  • Strandh, M., Winefield, A., Nilsson, K., & Hammarström, A. (2014). Unemployment and mental health scarring during the life course. European Journal of Public Health, 24(3), 440–445. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cku005
  • Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2009). Nudge: improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness.
  • Thaler, R. H., & Benartzi, S. (2004). Save More TomorrowTM: Using Behavioral Economics to Increase Employee Saving. Journal of Political Economy, 112(S1), S164–S187. https://doi.org/10.1086/380085
  • Turok, I., Kintrea, K., & St Clair, R. (2009). Shaping educational attitudes and aspirations: the influence of parents, place and poverty: stage 1 report. Eprints.Gla.Ac.Uk.
  • Universities UK. (2015). Supply And Demand For Higher-Level Skills. https://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/policy-and-analysis/reports/Documents/2015/supply-and-demand-for-higher-level-skills.pdf#search=over supply
  • Wali Allah, S., & Hermansen, M. (2003). The conclusive argument from God: Shah Wali Allah of Delhi’s Hujjat Allah al-baligha.
  • Watt, H. M. G., & Richardson, P. W. (2008). Motivations, perceptions, and aspirations concerning teaching as a career for different types of beginning teachers. Learning and Instruction. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2008.06.002
  • Williams, G. (1985). Graduate Employment and Vocationalism in Higher Education. European Journal of Education, 20(2/3), 181–192. https://doi.org/10.2307/1502948
  • Youth Team, I. (2020). Youth & COVID-19: Impacts on jobs, education, rights and mental well-being. https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/youth-employment/publications/WCMS_753026/lang--en/index.htm
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Imran Alvi

Publication Date June 25, 2022
Submission Date November 3, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Alvi, I. (2022). Tackling Graduate Unemployment: A Theoretical Framework. Adam Academy Journal of Social Sciences, 12(1), 211-224. https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1018477

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