Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite
Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 153 - 168, 25.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1038919

Abstract

References

  • AK Parti Tanıtım ve Medya Başkanlığı. ‘’2002 AK Parti Seçim Beyannamesi.’’ AK Parti. Accessed September 22, 2020.
  • Anria, Santiago. ‘‘More Inclusion Less Liberalism in Bolivia.’’ Journal of Democracy 27, No.3 (July 2016): 99-108. DOI:10.1353/jod.2016.0037.
  • Arze, Carlos and Tom Kruse, ‘‘The Consequences of Neoliberal Reform.’’ NACLA Report on the Americas 38, No. 3 (2004): 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/10714839.2004.11724504.
  • Aslan, Ömer. ‘‘‘Unarmed’ We Intervene, Unnoticed We Remain: The Deviant Case of ‘February 28th Coup’ in Turkey.’’ British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 43, No.3 (2016): 360-377. https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2015.1102710.
  • Aysan, Mehmet Fatih. “Reforms and Challenges: The Turkish Pension Regime Revisited.” Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 49, No. 5 (2013): 148-162. https://doi.org/10.2753/REE1540-496X4905S509.
  • Barr, Robert. ‘‘Bolivia: Another Uncompleted Revolution.’’ Latin American Politics and Society 47, No. 3 (2005): 69-90. doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2005.tb00319.x
  • Boratav, Korkut. Türkiye İktisat Tarihi (1908-1985). İstanbul: İmge Yayınları, 2005.
  • Duverger, Maurice. Siyasi Partiler. Translated by Ergun Özbudun. Ankara: Bilgi Yayınevi, 1974.
  • Estenssoro, Victor Paz. ‘‘Decreto Supremo No 21060, 29 de agosto de 1985.’’ Lexivox. Accessed September 22, 2018. https://www.lexivox.org/norms/BO-DS-21060.html
  • Farthing, Linda, and Benjamin Kohl. Evo’s Bolivia. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2014.
  • Filho, Clayton Mendonça Cunha, and Rodrigo Santaella Gonçalves. ‘’The National Development Plan as a Political Economic Strategy in Evo Morales's Bolivia: Accomplishments and Limitations.’’ Translated by Ariane Dalla Dea. Latin American Perspectives 37, No. 4 (2010): 177-96. https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582X10372513
  • Gamarra, Eduardo. Bolivia on the Brink. New York: The Center for Preventive Action, 2007.
  • Hale, William, and Ergun Özbudun. Islamism Democracy and Liberalism in Turkey: The Case of AKP. New York: Routledge, 2010.
  • Heper, Metin, and Nur Bilge Criss. Historical Dictionary of Turkey. Plymouth: The Scarecrow Press, 2009.
  • Huntington, Samuel. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.
  • Jarosiewicz, Aleksandra. ‘‘Turkey’s economy: a story of success with an uncertain future.’’ Centre for Eastern Studies, No.120, 05.11.2013. https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/osw-commentary/2013-11-06/turkeys-economy-a-story-success-uncertain-future
  • Kohl, Benjamin. ‘‘Democratizing Decentralization in Bolivia: The Law of Popular Participation.” Journal of Planning Education and Research 23, Iss. 2 (2003): 153-164. doi.org/10.1177/0739456X03258639
  • Madrid, Raul. “Bolivia: Origins and Policies of the Movimiento al Socialismo.” in The Resurgence of the Latin American Left, edited by Steven Levitsky and Kenneth M. Roberts, 239-259. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011.
  • Morales, Evo, ‘‘DECRETO SUPREMO Nº 29272.’’ Gaceta Official de Bolivia, (September 12, 2007). http://www.minedu.gob.bo/files/documentos-normativos/leyes/boliviaplan_desarrollo_nac_ds_29272.pdf
  • Özbudun, Ergun. Contemporary Turkish Politics: Challenges to Democratic Consolidation. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2000.
  • Öztürk, Esra, and Ayşegül Kayaoğlu. “Education and Income Inequality in Turkey: New Evidence from Panel Data Analysis.” Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 38, No. 2 (2016): 221-236. doi: 10.14780/muiibd.281399
  • Öztürk, İbrahim. Political economy of Erdoğan’s success story in Turkey. İstanbul: Al Jazeera Centre For Studies, 2001. Patton, Marcie J. ‘‘The Economic Policies of Turkey's AKP Government: Rabbits from a Hat?.’’ Middle East Journal 60, No. 3 (Summer, 2006): 513-536. DOI: 10.3751/60.3.15
  • Petras, James, and Henry Weltmeyer. Social Movements and State Power: Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Ecuador. London: Pluto Press, 2005.
  • Postero, Nancy. ‘‘The Struggle to Create a Radical Democracy in Bolivia.’’ Latin American Research Review 45, Special Issue (2010): 59-78. doi: 10.1353/lar.2010.0035
  • Rodrik, Dani. The Globalization Paradox: Why Global Markets, States and Democracy Can’t Coexist. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
  • Salman, Ton. ‘’Bolivia and the Paradoxes of Democratic Consolidation.’’ Latin American Perspectives 34, No. 6 (Nov., 2007): 111-130. doi.org/10.1177/0094582X07308264
  • Sartori, Giovanni, Parties and Party Systems: A framework for analysis. Colchester: ECPR Press, 2005.
  • Savoye, Philippe. ‘‘Class Struggle, Regional Conflict, and Educational Reform During the Times of Coca.’’ Making Connections 11, No. 1 (Fall, 2009): 64-72. doi/abs/10.5555/maco.11.1.748189w3g8vk4617
  • Şenses, Fikret. ‘‘Turkey’s Experience with Neoliberal Policies Since 1980 in Retrospect and Prospect.’’ in The Making of Neoliberal Turkey, edited by Cenk Özbay, Maral Erol, Ayşecan Terzioğlu and Umut Türem, 15-32. Burlington: Ashgate, 2016.
  • Siotos, Modesto ‘‘Social Movements and Development in Bolivia.’’ Hydra: Interdisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences 1, No.1 (2013).
  • Tapia, Luis. ‘‘Bolivia: The left and the social movements.’’ The New Latin American Left: Utopia Reborn, edited by Patrick Barrett, Daniel Chavez and César Rodríguez-Garavito, 215-231. London: Pluto Books, 2008.
  • Tuncer, Erol. ‘’24 Aralık 1995 Genel Seçimlerine İlişkin Sayısal ve Genel Bir Değerlendirme.’’ Sosyal Demokrat Değişim, 1 (1996). TÜSES, Türkiye’de Siyasi Parti Seçmenlerinin Nitelikleri, Kimlikleri ve Eğilimleri. İstanbul: TÜSES, 2002.
  • ‘‘Unrest in Bolivia over Gas Deal.’’ Energy Security. October 30, 2003. http://www.iags.org/n1030033.htm
  • Yeşilada, Birol. “Realignment and Party Adaptation: The Case of Refah and Fazilet Parties.” in Politics, Parties, and Elections in Turkey edited by Sabri Sayar and Yılmaz Esmer, 157-177. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2002.

The Role of the Failure of Multi-Party Systems in Bringing About Dominant Party Systems in Democratizing Countries: The Cases of Bolivia and Turkey

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 153 - 168, 25.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1038919

Abstract

Political parties are political societies that have a steady and stable organizational structure that seeks to seize control of the state mechanism with public support. Party systems refers to the arrangement within which political parties operate. Predominant party system is a condition where the opposition parties challenge the strongest party in competitive elections but fail to remove the incumbent from power. The most popular definition and classification for the concept of predominant party system remains Sartori’s conceptualization. According to Sartori, the predominance is established when a party wins three consecutive elections while keeping the majority of the seats in the parliament. How do predominant party systems emerge? This article explains the impact of the failure of multiparty systems in fostering predominant party systems in democratizing countries.

References

  • AK Parti Tanıtım ve Medya Başkanlığı. ‘’2002 AK Parti Seçim Beyannamesi.’’ AK Parti. Accessed September 22, 2020.
  • Anria, Santiago. ‘‘More Inclusion Less Liberalism in Bolivia.’’ Journal of Democracy 27, No.3 (July 2016): 99-108. DOI:10.1353/jod.2016.0037.
  • Arze, Carlos and Tom Kruse, ‘‘The Consequences of Neoliberal Reform.’’ NACLA Report on the Americas 38, No. 3 (2004): 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/10714839.2004.11724504.
  • Aslan, Ömer. ‘‘‘Unarmed’ We Intervene, Unnoticed We Remain: The Deviant Case of ‘February 28th Coup’ in Turkey.’’ British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 43, No.3 (2016): 360-377. https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2015.1102710.
  • Aysan, Mehmet Fatih. “Reforms and Challenges: The Turkish Pension Regime Revisited.” Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 49, No. 5 (2013): 148-162. https://doi.org/10.2753/REE1540-496X4905S509.
  • Barr, Robert. ‘‘Bolivia: Another Uncompleted Revolution.’’ Latin American Politics and Society 47, No. 3 (2005): 69-90. doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2005.tb00319.x
  • Boratav, Korkut. Türkiye İktisat Tarihi (1908-1985). İstanbul: İmge Yayınları, 2005.
  • Duverger, Maurice. Siyasi Partiler. Translated by Ergun Özbudun. Ankara: Bilgi Yayınevi, 1974.
  • Estenssoro, Victor Paz. ‘‘Decreto Supremo No 21060, 29 de agosto de 1985.’’ Lexivox. Accessed September 22, 2018. https://www.lexivox.org/norms/BO-DS-21060.html
  • Farthing, Linda, and Benjamin Kohl. Evo’s Bolivia. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2014.
  • Filho, Clayton Mendonça Cunha, and Rodrigo Santaella Gonçalves. ‘’The National Development Plan as a Political Economic Strategy in Evo Morales's Bolivia: Accomplishments and Limitations.’’ Translated by Ariane Dalla Dea. Latin American Perspectives 37, No. 4 (2010): 177-96. https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582X10372513
  • Gamarra, Eduardo. Bolivia on the Brink. New York: The Center for Preventive Action, 2007.
  • Hale, William, and Ergun Özbudun. Islamism Democracy and Liberalism in Turkey: The Case of AKP. New York: Routledge, 2010.
  • Heper, Metin, and Nur Bilge Criss. Historical Dictionary of Turkey. Plymouth: The Scarecrow Press, 2009.
  • Huntington, Samuel. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.
  • Jarosiewicz, Aleksandra. ‘‘Turkey’s economy: a story of success with an uncertain future.’’ Centre for Eastern Studies, No.120, 05.11.2013. https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/osw-commentary/2013-11-06/turkeys-economy-a-story-success-uncertain-future
  • Kohl, Benjamin. ‘‘Democratizing Decentralization in Bolivia: The Law of Popular Participation.” Journal of Planning Education and Research 23, Iss. 2 (2003): 153-164. doi.org/10.1177/0739456X03258639
  • Madrid, Raul. “Bolivia: Origins and Policies of the Movimiento al Socialismo.” in The Resurgence of the Latin American Left, edited by Steven Levitsky and Kenneth M. Roberts, 239-259. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011.
  • Morales, Evo, ‘‘DECRETO SUPREMO Nº 29272.’’ Gaceta Official de Bolivia, (September 12, 2007). http://www.minedu.gob.bo/files/documentos-normativos/leyes/boliviaplan_desarrollo_nac_ds_29272.pdf
  • Özbudun, Ergun. Contemporary Turkish Politics: Challenges to Democratic Consolidation. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2000.
  • Öztürk, Esra, and Ayşegül Kayaoğlu. “Education and Income Inequality in Turkey: New Evidence from Panel Data Analysis.” Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 38, No. 2 (2016): 221-236. doi: 10.14780/muiibd.281399
  • Öztürk, İbrahim. Political economy of Erdoğan’s success story in Turkey. İstanbul: Al Jazeera Centre For Studies, 2001. Patton, Marcie J. ‘‘The Economic Policies of Turkey's AKP Government: Rabbits from a Hat?.’’ Middle East Journal 60, No. 3 (Summer, 2006): 513-536. DOI: 10.3751/60.3.15
  • Petras, James, and Henry Weltmeyer. Social Movements and State Power: Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Ecuador. London: Pluto Press, 2005.
  • Postero, Nancy. ‘‘The Struggle to Create a Radical Democracy in Bolivia.’’ Latin American Research Review 45, Special Issue (2010): 59-78. doi: 10.1353/lar.2010.0035
  • Rodrik, Dani. The Globalization Paradox: Why Global Markets, States and Democracy Can’t Coexist. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
  • Salman, Ton. ‘’Bolivia and the Paradoxes of Democratic Consolidation.’’ Latin American Perspectives 34, No. 6 (Nov., 2007): 111-130. doi.org/10.1177/0094582X07308264
  • Sartori, Giovanni, Parties and Party Systems: A framework for analysis. Colchester: ECPR Press, 2005.
  • Savoye, Philippe. ‘‘Class Struggle, Regional Conflict, and Educational Reform During the Times of Coca.’’ Making Connections 11, No. 1 (Fall, 2009): 64-72. doi/abs/10.5555/maco.11.1.748189w3g8vk4617
  • Şenses, Fikret. ‘‘Turkey’s Experience with Neoliberal Policies Since 1980 in Retrospect and Prospect.’’ in The Making of Neoliberal Turkey, edited by Cenk Özbay, Maral Erol, Ayşecan Terzioğlu and Umut Türem, 15-32. Burlington: Ashgate, 2016.
  • Siotos, Modesto ‘‘Social Movements and Development in Bolivia.’’ Hydra: Interdisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences 1, No.1 (2013).
  • Tapia, Luis. ‘‘Bolivia: The left and the social movements.’’ The New Latin American Left: Utopia Reborn, edited by Patrick Barrett, Daniel Chavez and César Rodríguez-Garavito, 215-231. London: Pluto Books, 2008.
  • Tuncer, Erol. ‘’24 Aralık 1995 Genel Seçimlerine İlişkin Sayısal ve Genel Bir Değerlendirme.’’ Sosyal Demokrat Değişim, 1 (1996). TÜSES, Türkiye’de Siyasi Parti Seçmenlerinin Nitelikleri, Kimlikleri ve Eğilimleri. İstanbul: TÜSES, 2002.
  • ‘‘Unrest in Bolivia over Gas Deal.’’ Energy Security. October 30, 2003. http://www.iags.org/n1030033.htm
  • Yeşilada, Birol. “Realignment and Party Adaptation: The Case of Refah and Fazilet Parties.” in Politics, Parties, and Elections in Turkey edited by Sabri Sayar and Yılmaz Esmer, 157-177. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2002.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Muhammet Koçak 0000-0002-6448-9250

Publication Date June 25, 2022
Submission Date December 29, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Koçak, M. (2022). The Role of the Failure of Multi-Party Systems in Bringing About Dominant Party Systems in Democratizing Countries: The Cases of Bolivia and Turkey. Adam Academy Journal of Social Sciences, 12(1), 153-168. https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1038919

images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTN-vWKCuoNo-WpljX6S59qN7Q5NGFxOd_U8Y5MPhMyM_LaIhk-tg

All articles published on ADAM ACADEMY are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This license grants you the right to reproduce, share and disseminate data mining applications, search engines, websites, blogs and all other platforms, provided that all published articles, data sets, graphics and attachments are cited. Open access is an approach that facilitates interdisciplinary communication and encourages different disciplines to work with each other.

ADAM ACADEMY provides added value to its field by offering more access and more transparent evaluation process to its articles in this direction.