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Do Globalization and Financial Development Affect Life Expectancy at Birth? An Empirical Study On Türkiye

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 1 - 25, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1347155

Abstract

Life expectancy at birth is a significant health indicator that has been studied for many years, and researchers have detected many factors that affect this variable. According to the health sciences literature, it has been determined that there are plenty of factors that affect this variable such as health expenditure, the number of doctors, and the number of hospital beds, so on. This study aims to examine the effects of financial development, globalization, and per capita income on life expectancy at birth by utilizing an economic approach. Especially in recent years, the effects of globalization and financial development on health indicators have attracted the attention of researchers and some studies have been conducted in this research area. However, among these studies, it has been determined that the studies on Türkiye are limited in number. Therefore, this study examines the economic factors affecting life expectancy at birth in Türkiye for the period between 1980 and 2020. For this purpose, the Fourier VAR model is utilized. According to the impulse-response functions obtained from the models, it is found that a one standard deviation shock to gross domestic product per capita does not have a statistically significant effect on life expectancy at birth. In addition, it is determined that the response of the life expectancy at birth to a one standard deviation shock in globalization and financial development is positive. In addition, according to the variance decomposition results, it is found that approximately 91.5% of the change in life expectancy at birth is explained by its own values in the first period. In the following periods, the explanatory power of globalization and financial development increases. It is thought that the findings obtained from this study can be used in the design of more effective health and economic policies.

References

  • Alam, M. S., Islam, M. S., Shahzad, S. J. H., & Bilal, S. (2021). Rapid rise of life expectancy in Bangladesh: Does financial development matter?. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 26(4), 4918-4931.
  • Alam, M. S., Raza, S. A., Shahbaz, M., & Abbas, Q. (2016). Accounting for contribution of trade openness and foreign direct investment in life expectancy: The long-run and short-run analysis in Pakistan. Social Indicators Research, 129, 1155-1170.
  • Auster, R., Leveson, I., & Sarachek, S. (1969). The production of health: An exploratory study. Journal of Human Resources 4, 411–436.
  • Bergh, A., & Nilsson, T. (2010). Good for living? On the relationship between globalization and life expectancy. World Development, 38(9), 1191-1203.
  • Beşe, E., & Kalayci, S. (2021). Relationship between life expectancy, foreign direct investment and trade openness: Evidence from Turkey. Montenegrin Journal of Economics, 17(1), 31-43.
  • Chiappini, R., Coupaud, M., & Viaud, F. (2022). Does attracting FDI affect population health? New evidence from a multi-dimensional measure of health. Social Science & Medicine, 301, Makale 114878.
  • Claessens, S., & Feijen, E. (2006). Financial sector development and the millennium development goals (No. 89). World Bank Publications.
  • Çoban, M. N. (2020). Küreselleşme ve yaşam beklentisi üzerine araştırma: Panel regresyon analizi. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(5), 1395-1401.
  • Enders, W., & Lee, J. (2012). The flexible Fourier form and Dickey–Fuller type unit root tests. Economics Letters, 117(1), 196-199.
  • Enders, W., & Jones, P. (2016). Grain prices, oil prices, and multiple smooth breaks in a VAR. Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, 20(4), 399-419.
  • Erdoğan, S., & Bozkurt, H. (2008). Türkiye’de yaşam beklentisi-ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: ARDL modeli ile bir analiz. Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 3(1), 25-38.
  • Halicioglu, F. (2011). Modeling life expectancy in Turkey. Economic Modelling, 28(5), 2075-2082.
  • Halisçelik, E., Acaravcı, A., & Güzel, A. E. (2019). Türkiye’de gelir dağılımı, sağlık harcamaları ve yaşam beklentisi ilişkisi: ARDL sınır testi analizi. Uluslararası Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi, 5(2), 263-275.
  • Hansen, B. E. (2001). The new econometrics of structural change: Dating breaks in US labor productivity. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15(4), 117-128.
  • Herzer, D. (2015). The long-run effect of trade on life expectancy in the United States: An empirical note. Applied Economics Letters, 22(5), 416-420.
  • Herzer, D. (2017). The Long‐run relationship between trade and population health: Evidence from five decades. The World Economy, 40(2), 462-487.
  • Immurana, M. (2021). How does FDI influence health outcomes in Africa?. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 13(5), 583-593.
  • Medez, A., & Popkin, B. M. (2004). Globalization, urbanization and nutritional change in the developing world. Journal of Agricultural and Development Economics, 1(2), 220–241.
  • Monsef, A., & Mehrjardi, A. S. (2015). Determinants of life expectancy: A panel data approach. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 5(11), 1251-1257.
  • Rodgers, G.B. (1979). Income and inequality as determinants of mortality: An international cross-sectional analysis. Population Studies, 33, 343–351.
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı (2003). Sağlıkta Dönüşüm. https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,11415/saglikta-donusum-programi.html, [Erişim Tarihi: 20.09.2023].
  • Sede, P. I., & Ohemeng, W. (2015). Socio-economic determinants of life expectancy in Nigeria (1980–2011). Health Economics Review, 5(1), 1-11.
  • Şentürk, İ., & Ali, A. (2021). Socioeconomic determinants of gender-specific life expectancy in Turkey: A time series analysis. Sosyoekonomi, 29(49), 85-111.
  • Shahbaz, M., Loganathan, N., Mujahid, N., Ali, A., & Nawaz, A. (2016). Determinants of life expectancy and its prospects under the role of economic misery: A case of Pakistan. Social Indicators Research, 126, 1299-1316.
  • Shahbaz, M., Shafiullah, M., & Mahalik, M. K. (2019). The dynamics of financial development, globalisation, economic growth and life expectancy in sub‐Saharan Africa. Australian Economic Papers, 58(4), 444-479.
  • Shi, G., Wang, D., & Altuntaş, M. (2022). Financial development and health outcomes: Do financial globalization matter in selected Asian economies?. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, Makale Numarası 843935.
  • Solarin, S. A., Gorus, M. S., & Yilanci, V. (2022). Feverish sentiment, lockdown stringency, oil volatility, and clean energy stocks during COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Managerial Finance, basım aşamasında. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMF-09-2021-0457.
  • Stark, O. (2004). Rethinking the brain drain. World Development, 32(1), 15–22.
  • Taban, S. (2006). Türkiye'de sağlık ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi. Sosyoekonomi, 4(4), 32-46.
  • Tahir, M. (2020). Trade and life expectancy in China: a cointegration analysis. China Economic Journal, 13(3), 322-338.
  • Wang, Z., Asghar, M. M., Zaidi, S. A. H., Nawaz, K., Wang, B., Zhao, W., & Xu, F. (2020). The dynamic relationship between economic growth and life expectancy: Contradictory role of energy consumption and financial development in Pakistan. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 53, 257-266.

Küreselleşme ve Finansal Gelişme Doğumda Yaşam Beklentisi Üzerinde Etkili Mi? Türkiye Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 1 - 25, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1347155

Abstract

Doğumda yaşam beklentisi uzun yıllardır incelenen bir sağlık göstergesidir ve araştırmacılar bu değişkeni etkileyen birçok faktör tespit etmişlerdir. Sağlık bilimleri literatürü incelendiğinde, bu değişkeni etkileyen önemli unsurlar arasında sağlık harcamaları, doktor sayısı ve hasta yatak sayısının bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma ise araştırmaya daha iktisadi bir yaklaşım getirerek, finansal gelişme, küreselleşme ve kişi başına düşen milli gelirin doğumda yaşam beklentisi üzerindeki etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Özellikle son yıllarda, küreselleşme ve finansal gelişmişliğin, sağlık göstergeleri üzerindeki etkisi araştırmacıların ilgisini çekmiş ve bu alanda birtakım çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Fakat bu çalışmalar arasında Türkiye üzerinde yapılan araştırmaların sınırlı sayıda olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sebeple, bu çalışma 1980-2020 yılları arasındaki döneme odaklanarak Türkiye’de doğumda yaşam beklentisini etkileyen iktisadi faktörleri incelemiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Fourier VAR modelinden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen etki-tepki fonksiyonlarına göre, kişi başına düşen gayri safi yurt içi hasıladaki bir birimlik şokun doğumda yaşam beklentisi üzerinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir etkisi olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, küreselleşmede ve finansal gelişmede meydana gelen bir standart sapmalık şoka, doğumda yaşam beklentisi değişkeninin verdiği tepkinin pozitif olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna ek olarak, varyans ayrıştırma sonuçlarına göre, ilk dönemde, doğumda yaşam beklentisindeki değişmenin yaklaşık %91,5’inin kendisi tarafından açıklandığı, ilerleyen dönemlerde ise küreselleşme ve finansal gelişmenin açıklayıcı gücünün nispeten arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulguların daha etkin sağlık ve iktisat politikalarının dizaynında kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Alam, M. S., Islam, M. S., Shahzad, S. J. H., & Bilal, S. (2021). Rapid rise of life expectancy in Bangladesh: Does financial development matter?. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 26(4), 4918-4931.
  • Alam, M. S., Raza, S. A., Shahbaz, M., & Abbas, Q. (2016). Accounting for contribution of trade openness and foreign direct investment in life expectancy: The long-run and short-run analysis in Pakistan. Social Indicators Research, 129, 1155-1170.
  • Auster, R., Leveson, I., & Sarachek, S. (1969). The production of health: An exploratory study. Journal of Human Resources 4, 411–436.
  • Bergh, A., & Nilsson, T. (2010). Good for living? On the relationship between globalization and life expectancy. World Development, 38(9), 1191-1203.
  • Beşe, E., & Kalayci, S. (2021). Relationship between life expectancy, foreign direct investment and trade openness: Evidence from Turkey. Montenegrin Journal of Economics, 17(1), 31-43.
  • Chiappini, R., Coupaud, M., & Viaud, F. (2022). Does attracting FDI affect population health? New evidence from a multi-dimensional measure of health. Social Science & Medicine, 301, Makale 114878.
  • Claessens, S., & Feijen, E. (2006). Financial sector development and the millennium development goals (No. 89). World Bank Publications.
  • Çoban, M. N. (2020). Küreselleşme ve yaşam beklentisi üzerine araştırma: Panel regresyon analizi. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(5), 1395-1401.
  • Enders, W., & Lee, J. (2012). The flexible Fourier form and Dickey–Fuller type unit root tests. Economics Letters, 117(1), 196-199.
  • Enders, W., & Jones, P. (2016). Grain prices, oil prices, and multiple smooth breaks in a VAR. Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, 20(4), 399-419.
  • Erdoğan, S., & Bozkurt, H. (2008). Türkiye’de yaşam beklentisi-ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: ARDL modeli ile bir analiz. Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 3(1), 25-38.
  • Halicioglu, F. (2011). Modeling life expectancy in Turkey. Economic Modelling, 28(5), 2075-2082.
  • Halisçelik, E., Acaravcı, A., & Güzel, A. E. (2019). Türkiye’de gelir dağılımı, sağlık harcamaları ve yaşam beklentisi ilişkisi: ARDL sınır testi analizi. Uluslararası Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi, 5(2), 263-275.
  • Hansen, B. E. (2001). The new econometrics of structural change: Dating breaks in US labor productivity. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15(4), 117-128.
  • Herzer, D. (2015). The long-run effect of trade on life expectancy in the United States: An empirical note. Applied Economics Letters, 22(5), 416-420.
  • Herzer, D. (2017). The Long‐run relationship between trade and population health: Evidence from five decades. The World Economy, 40(2), 462-487.
  • Immurana, M. (2021). How does FDI influence health outcomes in Africa?. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 13(5), 583-593.
  • Medez, A., & Popkin, B. M. (2004). Globalization, urbanization and nutritional change in the developing world. Journal of Agricultural and Development Economics, 1(2), 220–241.
  • Monsef, A., & Mehrjardi, A. S. (2015). Determinants of life expectancy: A panel data approach. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 5(11), 1251-1257.
  • Rodgers, G.B. (1979). Income and inequality as determinants of mortality: An international cross-sectional analysis. Population Studies, 33, 343–351.
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı (2003). Sağlıkta Dönüşüm. https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,11415/saglikta-donusum-programi.html, [Erişim Tarihi: 20.09.2023].
  • Sede, P. I., & Ohemeng, W. (2015). Socio-economic determinants of life expectancy in Nigeria (1980–2011). Health Economics Review, 5(1), 1-11.
  • Şentürk, İ., & Ali, A. (2021). Socioeconomic determinants of gender-specific life expectancy in Turkey: A time series analysis. Sosyoekonomi, 29(49), 85-111.
  • Shahbaz, M., Loganathan, N., Mujahid, N., Ali, A., & Nawaz, A. (2016). Determinants of life expectancy and its prospects under the role of economic misery: A case of Pakistan. Social Indicators Research, 126, 1299-1316.
  • Shahbaz, M., Shafiullah, M., & Mahalik, M. K. (2019). The dynamics of financial development, globalisation, economic growth and life expectancy in sub‐Saharan Africa. Australian Economic Papers, 58(4), 444-479.
  • Shi, G., Wang, D., & Altuntaş, M. (2022). Financial development and health outcomes: Do financial globalization matter in selected Asian economies?. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, Makale Numarası 843935.
  • Solarin, S. A., Gorus, M. S., & Yilanci, V. (2022). Feverish sentiment, lockdown stringency, oil volatility, and clean energy stocks during COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Managerial Finance, basım aşamasında. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMF-09-2021-0457.
  • Stark, O. (2004). Rethinking the brain drain. World Development, 32(1), 15–22.
  • Taban, S. (2006). Türkiye'de sağlık ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi. Sosyoekonomi, 4(4), 32-46.
  • Tahir, M. (2020). Trade and life expectancy in China: a cointegration analysis. China Economic Journal, 13(3), 322-338.
  • Wang, Z., Asghar, M. M., Zaidi, S. A. H., Nawaz, K., Wang, B., Zhao, W., & Xu, F. (2020). The dynamic relationship between economic growth and life expectancy: Contradictory role of energy consumption and financial development in Pakistan. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 53, 257-266.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Development Economics - Macro
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Muhammed Şehid Görüş 0000-0002-7614-4567

Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date August 21, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 14 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Görüş, M. Ş. (2024). Küreselleşme ve Finansal Gelişme Doğumda Yaşam Beklentisi Üzerinde Etkili Mi? Türkiye Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Adam Academy Journal of Social Sciences, 14(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1347155

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