The Role of Socioeconomic Risk Factors in Parent-Child Interaction: Shared Book Reading, Child-Directed Speech, Million Word Gap

Abstract

Language development is a lifelong process that begins at birth. Child-directed speech is among the most critical environmental factors that shape children's language development. Depending on parental socioeconomic status, there are differences in the quality and quantity of child-directed speech, which can be counted among the important risk factors in the 21st century. The present review aimed to address socioeconomic differences in parent-child interactions, such as child-directed speech and shared book reading, especially the number of words heard in the early period. In this context, the study focused on likely risk factors due to income inequality in early childhood and discussed early childhood organizations at national and international levels to empower parents to optimize the development of their at-risk children.

Keywords

• language development
• socioeconomic status
• child-directed speech
• 30-million-word gap
• shared book reading

Sosyoekonomik Risk Faktörlerinin Ebeveyn-Çocuk Etkileşimindeki Rolü: Paylaşımlı Kitap Okuma, Çocuğa Yöneltilen Dil, Sözcük Dağarcığı Farkı

Abstract

Dil gelişimi, doğumdan itibaren hızlı bir şekilde gelişmeye başlayarak, yaşam boyu devam eden bir süreçtir. Ebeveynin çocuğuna yönelttiği dil, çocukların dil gelişimini şekillendiren en önemli çevresel faktörlerden biridir. Ebeveynlerin sosyoekonomik düzeyine bağlı olarak çocuklarına yönelttiği dilin niceliği ve niteliği arasında farklılıklar olduğu görülmekte olup bu farklılıkların, 21. yüzyılın en önemli risk faktörlerinden biri olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemede, erken dönemde işitilen sözcük sayısı başta olmak üzere ebeveynin çocuğa yönelttiği dil ve paylaşımlı kitap okuma gibi ebeveyn-çocuk etkileşiminde sosyoekonomik durumdan kaynaklanan farklılıkların ele alınması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada, erken dönemde gelir düzeyi düşüklüğü sonucu oluşabilecek risk faktörleri üzerinde durulmuş ve risk altındaki çocukların gelişimsel potansiyelini en uygun seviyeye ulaştırmak amacıyla ebeveynleri güçlendirmeye yönelik ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde erken çocukluk dönemi organizasyonları ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

• dil gelişimi
• sosyoekonomik durum
• çocuğa yöneltilen dil
• 30 milyon sözcük farkı
• paylaşımlı kitap okuma

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