Gelişimsel Dil Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklarda Öykü Anlatılarının Makro Yapısal Özellikleri: Tipik Gelişim Gösteren Akranlarla Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 4;0–5;11 yaş aralığındaki gelişimsel dil bozukluğu (GDB) olan ve tipik dil gelişimi gösteren (TDG) çocukların öykü anlatı becerilerini makro yapı düzeyinde karşılaştırmak; her iki grupta ayrı ayrı yaş ve cinsiyet değişkenlerinin anlatı performansıyla ilişkisini incelemektir. Araştırmaya 24’ü GDB tanılı, 24’ü TDG olmak üzere toplam 48 çocuk katılmıştır. Veriler “Kurbağa Neredesin?” adlı yazısız resimli kitap aracılığıyla yüz yüze toplanmış; anlatılar, Anlatı Puanlama Şeması ile analiz edilmiştir. Gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarda bağımsız örneklem t-testi, grup içi yaş–anlatı ilişkisinde Spearman sıra korelasyon analizi, cinsiyet karşılaştırmalarında ise Holm-Bonferroni düzeltmeli bağımsız örneklem t-testi kullanılmış; tüm istatistiksel analizler IBM SPSS 22.0 ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular, GDB olan çocukların makro yapı düzeyinde ve tüm temel anlatı bileşenlerinde TDG akranlarına kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde daha düşük performans sergilediğini; tüm alt ölçeklerde büyük etki büyüklüklerinin gözlemlendiğini ortaya koymaktadır (Cohen’s d = 1,68–3,23). GDB grubunda yaş ile anlatı performansı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmazken, TDG grubunda yalnızca doğru sözcük kullanımı ile yaş arasında orta düzeyde pozitif bir ilişki belirlenmiştir (rs = 0,50; p = ,01). Her iki grupta da Holm-Bonferroni düzeltmesi sonrasında cinsiyete göre anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, GDB olan çocukların yalnızca dilbilgisel alanlarda değil, anlatının yapılandırılmasında kritik rol oynayan bilişsel ve pragmatik becerilerde de belirgin güçlükler yaşadığını ve bu güçlüklerin demografik değişkenlerden değil, bizzat dil bozukluğundan kaynaklandığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• gelişimsel dil bozukluğu
• öykü anlatı becerileri
• makro yapı analizi
• anlatı değerlendirmesi
• tipik dil gelişimi

Comparison of Narrative Macrostructure Skills in Children with Developmental Language Disorder and Typical Language Development

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the macrostructural narrative skills of children aged 4;0–5;11 years with developmental language disorder (DLD) and children with typical language development (TLD), and to examine the relationship between narrative performance and age and gender separately within each group. A total of 48 children participated in the study, comprising 24 with DLD and 24 with TLD. Data were collected face-to-face using the wordless picture book “Frog, Where Are You?” and the narratives were analyzed using the Narrative Scoring Scheme. An independent -samples t-test was used for between-group comparisons, Spearman rank correlation analysis for within-group age–narrative relationships, and independent samples t-test with Holm-Bonferroni correction was used for within-group gender comparisons; all statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS 22.0. The findings indicated that children with DLD demonstrated significantly had lower performance at the macrostructure level and across all core narrative components compared to their TLD peers, with large effect sizes observed for all subscales (Cohen’s d = 1.68–3.23). Within-group analyses revealed no significant relationship between age and narrative performance in the DLD group, whereas in the TLD group, only appropriate word use showed a moderate positive correlation with age (rs = 0.50; p = .01). No significant gender differences were found in either group after Holm-Bonferroni correction. These findings indicated that children with DLD experienced significant difficulties not only in grammatical domains but also in the cognitive and pragmatic skills required for narrative structuring, and that these difficulties appeared to be more closely associated with DLD status than with the demographic variables examined.

Keywords

• developmental langugage disorder
• narrative skills
• macrostructre analysis
• narrative assessment
• typical language development

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