Research Article
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Evaluation of the Relationship Between Parental Oral Hygiene Habits and Adolescents’ Periodontal Health

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 275 - 280, 31.12.2025

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of parents’ toothbrushing habits on the periodontal health parameters of their children.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 80 systemically healthy children. Participants were divided into two groups according to their parents’ toothbrushing routines: children of parents who brushed irregularly or inadequately (Group 1), and children of parents who brushed regularly twice daily (Group 2). Clinical periodontal parameters, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BOP), were recorded following a standardized periodontal protocol. Independent samples t-test was used for intergroup comparisons.
Results: The groups were similar in terms of age, sex, height, and weight (p>0.05). Significant differences were found in periodontal parameters. Children in Group 1 presented significantly higher PI and GI scores compared to Group 2 (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed for PD or BOP between groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Parental oral hygiene habits have a significant impact on the periodontal health parameters of children. Children of parents with irregular toothbrushing habits exhibit greater plaque accumulation and higher levels of gingival inflammation. These findings highlight the importance of parental oral health education and emphasize family-based preventive strategies for promoting periodontal health in children.

References

  • Elgasmi FE, Maghous K, Badre B. Gingivitis in children and adolescents: epidemiological overview and associated factors—A narrative review. Front Oral Health. 2025;6:1675033.
  • Davidovich E, Grender J, Zini A. Factors associated with dental plaque, gingivitis, and caries in a pediatric population: a records-based cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(22):8595.
  • Folayan MO, El Tantawi M, Chukwumah NM, et al. Individual and familial factors associated with caries and gingivitis among adolescents resident in a semi-urban community in South-Western Nigeria. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):166.
  • Liu X, Xu J, Li S, Wang X, Liu J, Li X. The prevalence of gingivitis and related risk factors in schoolchildren aged 6–12 years. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):623.
  • Ayoub S, Finkelman MD, Swee GJ, Hassan M, Loo CY. An investigation of the association between parenting style and child's dental caries: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):18134.
  • Ripardo ACG, Queiroz AC, Herkrath APCQ, et al. The Association Between Periodontal Status, Oral Health-Related Quality of Life and Self- Rated Oral Health in Socially Underprivileged Adolescents. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2025;53(3):278-85.
  • Kumar S, Tadakamadla J, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Kroon J, Lalloo R, Johnson NW. Parenting practices and children's dental caries experience: A structural equation modelling approach. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2017;45(6):552-8.
  • Viswanath S, Asokan S, Geethapriya PR, Eswara K. Parenting styles and their influence on child’s dental behavior and caries status: An analytical cross-sectional study. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2020;44(1):8–14.
  • Silness J, Loe H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. II. Correletion between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand. 1964;22:121-35.
  • Loe H, Silness J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity. Acta Odontol Scand. 1963;21:533-51.
  • Ainamo J, Bay I. Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. Int Dent J. 1975;25(4):229-35.
  • Myint ZCK, Zaitsu T, Oshiro A, Ueno M, Soe KK, Kawaguchi Y. Risk indicators of dental caries and gingivitis among 10-11-year-old students in Yangon, Myanmar. Int Dent J. 2020;70(3):167-75.
  • Aly NM, Mohamed AA, Abdelaziz WE. Parenting practices and oral health status in rural areas in Egypt: a household survey. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(1):134.
  • Marchetti E, Pizzolante T, Americo LM, Bizzarro S, Quinzi V, Mummolo S. Periodontology Part 4: Periodontal disease in children and adolescents. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2022;23(4):332-35
  • Modéer T, Wondimu B. Periodontal diseases in children and adolescents. Dent Clin North Am. 2000;44(3):633-58.

Ebeveynlerin Ağız Hijyen Alışkanlıkları ile Adölesanların Periodontal Sağlığı Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 275 - 280, 31.12.2025

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ebeveynlerin diş fırçalama alışkanlıklarının çocuklarının periodontal sağlık parametreleri üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kesitsel tasarımlı bu araştırmaya 80 sistemik olarak sağlıklı çocuk dahil edilmiştir. Çocuklar, ebeveynlerinin diş fırçalama alışkanlıklarına göre iki gruba ayrılmıştır: düzensiz veya yetersiz fırçalayan ebeveynlerin çocukları (Grup 1) ve günde iki kez düzenli diş fırçalayan ebeveynlerin çocukları (Grup 2). Tüm katılımcılarda plak indeksi (PI), gingival indeks (GI), sondalama derinliği (SD) ve sondalamada kanama indeksi (SKİ) standart periodontal protokole göre değerlendirilmiştir. Gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarda bağımsız örneklem t-testi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Gruplar yaş, cinsiyet, boy ve kilo açısından benzer bulunmuştur (p>0.05). Klinik periodontal parametrelerde anlamlı farklılıklar saptanmıştır. Grup 1’deki çocukların PI ve GI değerleri, Grup 2’ye kıyasla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Ancak SD ve SKİ açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı fark gözlenmemiştir (p>0.05).
Sonuç: Ebeveynlerin ağız hijyeni alışkanlıkları, çocukların periodontal sağlık parametreleri üzerinde belirgin bir etkiye sahiptir. Düzensiz veya yetersiz diş fırçalama davranışı sergileyen ebeveynlerin çocukları daha yüksek plak birikimi ve artmış gingival inflamasyon göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar, ebeveynlere yönelik ağız sağlığı eğitimlerinin çocukların periodontal sağlığının korunmasında kritik olabileceğini göstermektedir.

Ethical Statement

Çalışma için İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu’ndan onay alınmıştır

Supporting Institution

Bu çalışma herhangi bir kurum, kuruluş veya fon tarafından desteklenmemiştir.

References

  • Elgasmi FE, Maghous K, Badre B. Gingivitis in children and adolescents: epidemiological overview and associated factors—A narrative review. Front Oral Health. 2025;6:1675033.
  • Davidovich E, Grender J, Zini A. Factors associated with dental plaque, gingivitis, and caries in a pediatric population: a records-based cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(22):8595.
  • Folayan MO, El Tantawi M, Chukwumah NM, et al. Individual and familial factors associated with caries and gingivitis among adolescents resident in a semi-urban community in South-Western Nigeria. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):166.
  • Liu X, Xu J, Li S, Wang X, Liu J, Li X. The prevalence of gingivitis and related risk factors in schoolchildren aged 6–12 years. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):623.
  • Ayoub S, Finkelman MD, Swee GJ, Hassan M, Loo CY. An investigation of the association between parenting style and child's dental caries: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):18134.
  • Ripardo ACG, Queiroz AC, Herkrath APCQ, et al. The Association Between Periodontal Status, Oral Health-Related Quality of Life and Self- Rated Oral Health in Socially Underprivileged Adolescents. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2025;53(3):278-85.
  • Kumar S, Tadakamadla J, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Kroon J, Lalloo R, Johnson NW. Parenting practices and children's dental caries experience: A structural equation modelling approach. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2017;45(6):552-8.
  • Viswanath S, Asokan S, Geethapriya PR, Eswara K. Parenting styles and their influence on child’s dental behavior and caries status: An analytical cross-sectional study. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2020;44(1):8–14.
  • Silness J, Loe H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. II. Correletion between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand. 1964;22:121-35.
  • Loe H, Silness J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity. Acta Odontol Scand. 1963;21:533-51.
  • Ainamo J, Bay I. Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. Int Dent J. 1975;25(4):229-35.
  • Myint ZCK, Zaitsu T, Oshiro A, Ueno M, Soe KK, Kawaguchi Y. Risk indicators of dental caries and gingivitis among 10-11-year-old students in Yangon, Myanmar. Int Dent J. 2020;70(3):167-75.
  • Aly NM, Mohamed AA, Abdelaziz WE. Parenting practices and oral health status in rural areas in Egypt: a household survey. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(1):134.
  • Marchetti E, Pizzolante T, Americo LM, Bizzarro S, Quinzi V, Mummolo S. Periodontology Part 4: Periodontal disease in children and adolescents. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2022;23(4):332-35
  • Modéer T, Wondimu B. Periodontal diseases in children and adolescents. Dent Clin North Am. 2000;44(3):633-58.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Periodontics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nurcan Aksaka 0000-0001-7439-5015

Ekin Yay This is me 0000-0002-0744-7177

Selin Şahinkaya This is me 0000-0002-4720-7469

Submission Date November 30, 2025
Acceptance Date December 16, 2025
Publication Date December 31, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Aksaka N, Yay E, Şahinkaya S. Ebeveynlerin Ağız Hijyen Alışkanlıkları ile Adölesanların Periodontal Sağlığı Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi. Aydin Dental Journal. 2025;11(3):275-80.

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