Evaluation of the Relationship Between Parental Oral Hygiene Habits and Adolescents’ Periodontal Health
Year 2025,
Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 275 - 280, 31.12.2025
Nurcan Aksaka
,
Ekin Yay
Selin Şahinkaya
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of parents’ toothbrushing habits on the periodontal health parameters of their children.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 80 systemically healthy children. Participants were divided into two groups according to their parents’ toothbrushing routines: children of parents who brushed irregularly or inadequately (Group 1), and children of parents who brushed regularly twice daily (Group 2). Clinical periodontal parameters, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BOP), were recorded following a standardized periodontal protocol. Independent samples t-test was used for intergroup comparisons.
Results: The groups were similar in terms of age, sex, height, and weight (p>0.05). Significant differences were found in periodontal parameters. Children in Group 1 presented significantly higher PI and GI scores compared to Group 2 (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed for PD or BOP between groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Parental oral hygiene habits have a significant impact on the periodontal health parameters of children. Children of parents with irregular toothbrushing habits exhibit greater plaque accumulation and higher levels of gingival inflammation. These findings highlight the importance of parental oral health education and emphasize family-based preventive strategies for promoting periodontal health in children.
References
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Elgasmi FE, Maghous K, Badre B. Gingivitis
in children and adolescents: epidemiological
overview and associated factors—A narrative
review. Front Oral Health. 2025;6:1675033.
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Davidovich E, Grender J, Zini A. Factors
associated with dental plaque, gingivitis, and
caries in a pediatric population: a records-based
cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public
Health. 2020;17(22):8595.
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Folayan MO, El Tantawi M, Chukwumah NM, et
al. Individual and familial factors associated with
caries and gingivitis among adolescents resident
in a semi-urban community in South-Western
Nigeria. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):166.
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Liu X, Xu J, Li S, Wang X, Liu J, Li X. The
prevalence of gingivitis and related risk factors
in schoolchildren aged 6–12 years. BMC Oral
Health. 2022;22(1):623.
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Ayoub S, Finkelman MD, Swee GJ, Hassan
M, Loo CY. An investigation of the association
between parenting style and child's dental
caries: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep.
2024;14(1):18134.
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Ripardo ACG, Queiroz AC, Herkrath APCQ, et
al. The Association Between Periodontal Status,
Oral Health-Related Quality of Life and Self-
Rated Oral Health in Socially Underprivileged
Adolescents. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol.
2025;53(3):278-85.
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Kumar S, Tadakamadla J, Zimmer-Gembeck
MJ, Kroon J, Lalloo R, Johnson NW.
Parenting practices and children's dental caries
experience: A structural equation modelling
approach. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol.
2017;45(6):552-8.
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Viswanath S, Asokan S, Geethapriya PR, Eswara
K. Parenting styles and their influence on child’s
dental behavior and caries status: An analytical
cross-sectional study. J Clin Pediatr Dent.
2020;44(1):8–14.
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Silness J, Loe H. Periodontal disease in
pregnancy. II. Correletion between oral hygiene
and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand.
1964;22:121-35.
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Loe H, Silness J. Periodontal disease in
pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity. Acta
Odontol Scand. 1963;21:533-51.
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Ainamo J, Bay I. Problems and proposals for
recording gingivitis and plaque. Int Dent J.
1975;25(4):229-35.
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Myint ZCK, Zaitsu T, Oshiro A, Ueno M, Soe
KK, Kawaguchi Y. Risk indicators of dental
caries and gingivitis among 10-11-year-old
students in Yangon, Myanmar. Int Dent J.
2020;70(3):167-75.
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Aly NM, Mohamed AA, Abdelaziz WE.
Parenting practices and oral health status in rural
areas in Egypt: a household survey. BMC Oral
Health. 2020;20(1):134.
-
Marchetti E, Pizzolante T, Americo LM, Bizzarro
S, Quinzi V, Mummolo S. Periodontology Part 4:
Periodontal disease in children and adolescents.
Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2022;23(4):332-35
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Modéer T, Wondimu B. Periodontal diseases in
children and adolescents. Dent Clin North Am.
2000;44(3):633-58.
Ebeveynlerin Ağız Hijyen Alışkanlıkları ile Adölesanların Periodontal Sağlığı Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi
Year 2025,
Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 275 - 280, 31.12.2025
Nurcan Aksaka
,
Ekin Yay
Selin Şahinkaya
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ebeveynlerin diş fırçalama alışkanlıklarının çocuklarının periodontal sağlık parametreleri üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kesitsel tasarımlı bu araştırmaya 80 sistemik olarak sağlıklı çocuk dahil edilmiştir. Çocuklar, ebeveynlerinin diş fırçalama alışkanlıklarına göre iki gruba ayrılmıştır: düzensiz veya yetersiz fırçalayan ebeveynlerin çocukları (Grup 1) ve günde iki kez düzenli diş fırçalayan ebeveynlerin çocukları (Grup 2). Tüm katılımcılarda plak indeksi (PI), gingival indeks (GI), sondalama derinliği (SD) ve sondalamada kanama indeksi (SKİ) standart periodontal protokole göre değerlendirilmiştir. Gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarda bağımsız örneklem t-testi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Gruplar yaş, cinsiyet, boy ve kilo açısından benzer bulunmuştur (p>0.05). Klinik periodontal parametrelerde anlamlı farklılıklar saptanmıştır. Grup 1’deki çocukların PI ve GI değerleri, Grup 2’ye kıyasla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Ancak SD ve SKİ açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı fark gözlenmemiştir (p>0.05).
Sonuç: Ebeveynlerin ağız hijyeni alışkanlıkları, çocukların periodontal sağlık parametreleri üzerinde belirgin bir etkiye sahiptir. Düzensiz veya yetersiz diş fırçalama davranışı sergileyen ebeveynlerin çocukları daha yüksek plak birikimi ve artmış gingival inflamasyon göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar, ebeveynlere yönelik ağız sağlığı eğitimlerinin çocukların periodontal sağlığının korunmasında kritik olabileceğini göstermektedir.
Ethical Statement
Çalışma için İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu’ndan onay alınmıştır
Supporting Institution
Bu çalışma herhangi bir kurum, kuruluş veya fon tarafından desteklenmemiştir.
References
-
Elgasmi FE, Maghous K, Badre B. Gingivitis
in children and adolescents: epidemiological
overview and associated factors—A narrative
review. Front Oral Health. 2025;6:1675033.
-
Davidovich E, Grender J, Zini A. Factors
associated with dental plaque, gingivitis, and
caries in a pediatric population: a records-based
cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public
Health. 2020;17(22):8595.
-
Folayan MO, El Tantawi M, Chukwumah NM, et
al. Individual and familial factors associated with
caries and gingivitis among adolescents resident
in a semi-urban community in South-Western
Nigeria. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):166.
-
Liu X, Xu J, Li S, Wang X, Liu J, Li X. The
prevalence of gingivitis and related risk factors
in schoolchildren aged 6–12 years. BMC Oral
Health. 2022;22(1):623.
-
Ayoub S, Finkelman MD, Swee GJ, Hassan
M, Loo CY. An investigation of the association
between parenting style and child's dental
caries: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep.
2024;14(1):18134.
-
Ripardo ACG, Queiroz AC, Herkrath APCQ, et
al. The Association Between Periodontal Status,
Oral Health-Related Quality of Life and Self-
Rated Oral Health in Socially Underprivileged
Adolescents. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol.
2025;53(3):278-85.
-
Kumar S, Tadakamadla J, Zimmer-Gembeck
MJ, Kroon J, Lalloo R, Johnson NW.
Parenting practices and children's dental caries
experience: A structural equation modelling
approach. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol.
2017;45(6):552-8.
-
Viswanath S, Asokan S, Geethapriya PR, Eswara
K. Parenting styles and their influence on child’s
dental behavior and caries status: An analytical
cross-sectional study. J Clin Pediatr Dent.
2020;44(1):8–14.
-
Silness J, Loe H. Periodontal disease in
pregnancy. II. Correletion between oral hygiene
and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand.
1964;22:121-35.
-
Loe H, Silness J. Periodontal disease in
pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity. Acta
Odontol Scand. 1963;21:533-51.
-
Ainamo J, Bay I. Problems and proposals for
recording gingivitis and plaque. Int Dent J.
1975;25(4):229-35.
-
Myint ZCK, Zaitsu T, Oshiro A, Ueno M, Soe
KK, Kawaguchi Y. Risk indicators of dental
caries and gingivitis among 10-11-year-old
students in Yangon, Myanmar. Int Dent J.
2020;70(3):167-75.
-
Aly NM, Mohamed AA, Abdelaziz WE.
Parenting practices and oral health status in rural
areas in Egypt: a household survey. BMC Oral
Health. 2020;20(1):134.
-
Marchetti E, Pizzolante T, Americo LM, Bizzarro
S, Quinzi V, Mummolo S. Periodontology Part 4:
Periodontal disease in children and adolescents.
Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2022;23(4):332-35
-
Modéer T, Wondimu B. Periodontal diseases in
children and adolescents. Dent Clin North Am.
2000;44(3):633-58.