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Year 2016, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 31 - 38, 01.05.2016

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı sigara kullanımının gömülü diş çekiminden sonra ağrı, şişlik ve ağız açıklığında kısıtlılığa etkisinin değerlendirilmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu prospektif çalışmada cerrahi olarak gömülü 3. Molar diş çekimi yapılacak 147 hasta sigara içen (n=31) ve sigara içmeyen (n= 116) olarak iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Hastaların operasyon öncesi ve operasyonla ilgili bilgileri kaydedilmiş ve hastalardan operasyon sonrasında 6 gün süre ile şişlik, ağrı ve ağız açıklıklarında kısıtlılığı kaydedecekleri bir form doldurmaları istenmiştir. Ağrı Görsel Analog Skala ile 1-10 arasında, şişlik az orta ve şiddetli olarak, değerlendirilmiştir. Ağız açıklığındaki kısıtlılık hastalar tarafından değerlendirilmiş ve evet/hayır olarak kaydedilmiştir. İstatistiksel olarak f= 1;145 hata düzeyinde Tek-Yönlü ANOVA kullanılmıştır.Sonuçlar: Sigara içen hastaların ortalama yaşı 27,75±9,15 , sigara içmeyenlerin 25,7±6,9 ’dır. Sigara içen ve içmeyen grupta operasyon sonrası dönemde ağrı, şişlik ve ağız açıklığında kısıtlılık açısından anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmamıştır.Sonuç: Üçüncü molar cerrahisi sonrası sigara içilmesi ile semptomlar arasında herhangi anlamlı bir ilişki yoktur. Ancak, örneklem büyüklüğü geniş olan daha ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır

References

  • Phillips C, White RP, Shugars DA, Zhou X. Risk factors associated with prolonged recovery and delayed healing after third molar surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003;61:1436-48. [2] Susarla SM, Dodson TB. Estimating third molar extraction difficulty: A comparison of subjective and objective factors. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005;63:427-34.
  • Yuasa H, Kawai T, Sugiura M. Classification of surgical difficulty in extracting impacted third molars. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2002;40:26-31.
  • Colorado-Bonnin M, Valmaseda- Castellón E, Berini-Aytés L, Gay- Escoda C. Quality of life following lower third molar removal. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006;35:343-7.
  • Osunde O, Saheeb B, Bassey G. Indications and risk factors for complications of lower third molar surgery in a Nigerian teaching hospital. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2014;4(6):938-42.
  • AAPHD members. Resolution on Tobacco Cessation, Prevention, and Control. J Public Health Dent 1994;54:111-3. [7] Meechan JG, Mcgregor IDM, Rogers SN, Hobson RS, Bate JPC, Dennison M. The effect of smoking on immediate post-extraction socket filling with blood and on the incidence of painful socket. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1988;26:402-9.
  • Pabst MJ. Inhibition of Neutrophil and Monocyte Defensive Functions by Nicotine. J Periodontol 1995;66:1047- 55. [9] Larsen PE. Alveolar osteitis after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol 1992;73:393-7.
  • Infante P, Espin F, Mayorga F, et al. Estudio prospectivo de los factories relacionados en la recuperación postoperatoria tras la exodoncia de terceros molares inferiores retenidos. Av Odontoestomatol 1995;11:569.
  • Sáez U, Peñarrocha M, Sanchis JM, et al. Estudio del postoperatorio de 100 terceros molares mandibulares incluidos, en relación a la edad, el sexo, el tabaco y la higiene bucal. RCOE 1999;4:471.
  • Capuzzi P, Montebugnoli L, Vaccaro MA. Extraction of impacted third molar: A longitudinal prospective study on factors that affect postoperative recovery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994;77:341.
  • Al-Belasy A. The relationship of “Shisha” (water pipe) smoking to postextraction dry socket. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;62:10.
  • Wald NJ, Hackshaw AK. Cigarette smoking: an epidemiological overview. Br Med Bull 1996;52:3-11.
  • Doll R, Peto R, Boreham J, Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years’ observations on male British doctors. BMJ 2004;328:1519.
  • Soni S, Kaur J, Kumar A, Chakravarti N, Mathur M, Bahadur S, et al. Alterations of rb pathway components are frequent events in patients with oral epithelialdysplasia and predict clinical outcome in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Oncology 2005;68:314-25.
  • Winn DM .Tobacco use and oral disease. J Dent Educ 2001;65:306-12.
  • Sİrensen LT, Hemmingsen U, Kallehave F, Wille-Jİrgensen P, Kjaergaard J, Mİller LN, et al. Risk factors for tissue and wound complications in gastrointestinal surgery. Ann Surg 2005;241:654-8.
  • Theadom A, Cropley M. Effects of preoperative smoking cessation on the incidence and risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications in adult smokers: a systematic review. Tob Control 2006;15:352–8.
  • Sadr Azodi O, Bellocco R, Eriksson K, Adami J. The impact of tobacco use and body mass index on the length of stay in hospital and the risk of post-operative complications among patients undergoing total hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2006:10:1316-20.
  • Pabst MJ. Inhibition of Neutrophil and Monocyte Defensive Functions by Nicotine. J. Periodontol 1995;66:1047-55.
  • Tripton DA, Kabbous MKH. Effects of nicotine on proliferation and extracellular matrix production of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. J Periodontol 1995;66:1056-63.
  • Bouloux GF, Steed MB, Perciaccante VJ. Complications of third molar surgery. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2007;19:117-28,vii.
  • Bello SA, Adeyemo WL, Bamgbose BO, Obi EV, Adeyinka AA. Effect of age, impaction types and operative time on inflammatory tissue reactions following lower third molar surgery. Head Face Med. 2011;7:8.
  • Nusair YM, Younis MH. Prevalence, clinical picture, and risk factors of dry socket in a Jordanian dental teaching center. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007;8:53-63.
  • Grossi GB, Maiorana C, Garramone RA, Borgonovo A, Creminelli L, Santoro F. Assessing postoperative discomfort after third molar surgery. A prospective study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007;65:901-17.
  • Baqain ZH, Karaky AA, Sawair F, Khraisat A, Duaibis R, Rajab LD. Frequency estimates and risk factors for postoperative morbidity after third molar removal: a prospective cohort study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008;66:2276-83. Erratum in: J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;67:706.
  • Heng CK, Badner VM, Clemens DL, et al. The relationship of cigarette smoking to postoperative complications from dental extractions among female inmates. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 2007; 104:757.
  • Grossi G, Maiorana C, Garramone R, et al. Assessing postoperative discomfort after third molar surgery: A prospective study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007; 65:901.
  • López-Carriches C, Gómez-Font R, Martínez-González JM, Donado- Rodríguez M. Influence of smoking upon the postoperative course of lower third molar surgery. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2006;1;11(1):56-60.

The Effect of Smoking on Postoperative Period of Extraction of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars

Year 2016, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 31 - 38, 01.05.2016

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on the post-operative severity of pain, swelling and limitation of mouth opening after impacted mandibular third molar surgery.Materials and Methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted for 147 cases in two groups of patients, smokers (n=31) and non-smokers (n= 116) who undergoes surgical extractions of impacted third molars. The patients’ pre- and intra-operative findings of the study group were recorded. The patients were asked to fill out a form to record the findings of postoperative pain, swelling and mouth opening limitation for 6 days. Pain was recorded on a visual analog scale from 1 to 10 and swelling was recorded as mild, moderate and severe. The limitation of mouth opening was evaluated by the patient during the postoperative 6 days and was recorded as yes or no. One way ANOVA with f= 1;145 significance level was used as statistical analysis.Results: The mean age of the smokers was 27,75±9,15 while non-smokers was 25,7±6,9 . No significant difference was found at the post-operative period regarding the severity of pain, swelling and mouth opening.Conclusion: Smoking did not considerably made difference in terms of postoperative symptoms followed by third molar surgery. However further studies need to be conducted with including larger sample size

References

  • Phillips C, White RP, Shugars DA, Zhou X. Risk factors associated with prolonged recovery and delayed healing after third molar surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003;61:1436-48. [2] Susarla SM, Dodson TB. Estimating third molar extraction difficulty: A comparison of subjective and objective factors. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005;63:427-34.
  • Yuasa H, Kawai T, Sugiura M. Classification of surgical difficulty in extracting impacted third molars. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2002;40:26-31.
  • Colorado-Bonnin M, Valmaseda- Castellón E, Berini-Aytés L, Gay- Escoda C. Quality of life following lower third molar removal. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006;35:343-7.
  • Osunde O, Saheeb B, Bassey G. Indications and risk factors for complications of lower third molar surgery in a Nigerian teaching hospital. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2014;4(6):938-42.
  • AAPHD members. Resolution on Tobacco Cessation, Prevention, and Control. J Public Health Dent 1994;54:111-3. [7] Meechan JG, Mcgregor IDM, Rogers SN, Hobson RS, Bate JPC, Dennison M. The effect of smoking on immediate post-extraction socket filling with blood and on the incidence of painful socket. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1988;26:402-9.
  • Pabst MJ. Inhibition of Neutrophil and Monocyte Defensive Functions by Nicotine. J Periodontol 1995;66:1047- 55. [9] Larsen PE. Alveolar osteitis after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol 1992;73:393-7.
  • Infante P, Espin F, Mayorga F, et al. Estudio prospectivo de los factories relacionados en la recuperación postoperatoria tras la exodoncia de terceros molares inferiores retenidos. Av Odontoestomatol 1995;11:569.
  • Sáez U, Peñarrocha M, Sanchis JM, et al. Estudio del postoperatorio de 100 terceros molares mandibulares incluidos, en relación a la edad, el sexo, el tabaco y la higiene bucal. RCOE 1999;4:471.
  • Capuzzi P, Montebugnoli L, Vaccaro MA. Extraction of impacted third molar: A longitudinal prospective study on factors that affect postoperative recovery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994;77:341.
  • Al-Belasy A. The relationship of “Shisha” (water pipe) smoking to postextraction dry socket. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;62:10.
  • Wald NJ, Hackshaw AK. Cigarette smoking: an epidemiological overview. Br Med Bull 1996;52:3-11.
  • Doll R, Peto R, Boreham J, Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years’ observations on male British doctors. BMJ 2004;328:1519.
  • Soni S, Kaur J, Kumar A, Chakravarti N, Mathur M, Bahadur S, et al. Alterations of rb pathway components are frequent events in patients with oral epithelialdysplasia and predict clinical outcome in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Oncology 2005;68:314-25.
  • Winn DM .Tobacco use and oral disease. J Dent Educ 2001;65:306-12.
  • Sİrensen LT, Hemmingsen U, Kallehave F, Wille-Jİrgensen P, Kjaergaard J, Mİller LN, et al. Risk factors for tissue and wound complications in gastrointestinal surgery. Ann Surg 2005;241:654-8.
  • Theadom A, Cropley M. Effects of preoperative smoking cessation on the incidence and risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications in adult smokers: a systematic review. Tob Control 2006;15:352–8.
  • Sadr Azodi O, Bellocco R, Eriksson K, Adami J. The impact of tobacco use and body mass index on the length of stay in hospital and the risk of post-operative complications among patients undergoing total hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2006:10:1316-20.
  • Pabst MJ. Inhibition of Neutrophil and Monocyte Defensive Functions by Nicotine. J. Periodontol 1995;66:1047-55.
  • Tripton DA, Kabbous MKH. Effects of nicotine on proliferation and extracellular matrix production of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. J Periodontol 1995;66:1056-63.
  • Bouloux GF, Steed MB, Perciaccante VJ. Complications of third molar surgery. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2007;19:117-28,vii.
  • Bello SA, Adeyemo WL, Bamgbose BO, Obi EV, Adeyinka AA. Effect of age, impaction types and operative time on inflammatory tissue reactions following lower third molar surgery. Head Face Med. 2011;7:8.
  • Nusair YM, Younis MH. Prevalence, clinical picture, and risk factors of dry socket in a Jordanian dental teaching center. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007;8:53-63.
  • Grossi GB, Maiorana C, Garramone RA, Borgonovo A, Creminelli L, Santoro F. Assessing postoperative discomfort after third molar surgery. A prospective study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007;65:901-17.
  • Baqain ZH, Karaky AA, Sawair F, Khraisat A, Duaibis R, Rajab LD. Frequency estimates and risk factors for postoperative morbidity after third molar removal: a prospective cohort study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008;66:2276-83. Erratum in: J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;67:706.
  • Heng CK, Badner VM, Clemens DL, et al. The relationship of cigarette smoking to postoperative complications from dental extractions among female inmates. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 2007; 104:757.
  • Grossi G, Maiorana C, Garramone R, et al. Assessing postoperative discomfort after third molar surgery: A prospective study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007; 65:901.
  • López-Carriches C, Gómez-Font R, Martínez-González JM, Donado- Rodríguez M. Influence of smoking upon the postoperative course of lower third molar surgery. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2006;1;11(1):56-60.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA74RS88ZG
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Seda Yılmaz This is me

Hatice Hoşgör This is me

Özlem Akbelen Kaya This is me

Burcu Baş This is me

Bora Özden This is me

Publication Date May 1, 2016
Submission Date May 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Yılmaz S, Hoşgör H, Kaya ÖA, Baş B, Özden B. The Effect of Smoking on Postoperative Period of Extraction of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars. Aydin Dental Journal. 2016;2(2):31-8.

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