Aksaray ilinde sonbahar mevsiminde karasal alanda kapalı ortama bırakılan koyun iç organlarına gelen adli böceklerin tespiti

Abstract

AMAÇ: Cinayet vakalarında merak edilen sorulardan biri de ölüm sonrasında geçen zamanın bilinmesidir. Ölümünden uzun süre geçen durumlarda, geçen süreyi belirlemek oldukça zordur. Bu gibi durumlarda adli entomoloji soruların aydınlatılmasında ışık tutmaktadır. Bu çalışma, kapalı ortama konulan koyun iç organlarına gelen, adli açıdan önemli karasal böceklerin tespit etmeye yönelik ve bölgede önceki çalışmalardan elde edilen verilerin kullanılabilirliğini ve güvenilirliğini artırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. YÖNTEM: Bu çalışma, adli açıdan öneme sahip karasal böceklerin tespit edilmesi amacıyla depo olarak yapılmış kullanılmayan korunaklı boş oda içerisine koyun iç organlarının yerleştirilmesi ile başlamıştır. Çalışma; 11 Eylül 2019 tarihinde başlamış, 19 Kasım 2019 tarihine sonlandırılmıştır. Bu süre içerisinde koyun iç organlarının üzerine gelen böcekler toplanarak, meydana gelen fiziksel değişimler fotoğraflanmıştır. Çalışma alandaki bina içi ve dışı hava sıcaklığı çalışma süresince kaydedilmiştir. BULGULAR: Toplanan örnekler laboratuvarda incelenerek tür teşhisi yapılmıştır. Bu işlem sonucunda 19 tür, 3 cins tespit edilmiştir. Tespit edilen türlerin; 15 tanesi Diptera takımından, 6 tanesi Coleoptera takımından, 1 taneside Hymenoptera takımındandır. SONUÇ: Bu çalışma, Aksaray ilinde karasal alanda yapılan ikinci çalışma, kapalı ortamda yapılan ilk çalışmadır. Yapılan çalışmayla elde edilen veriler, önceki çalışmaların kullanılabilirliğini ve güvenilirliğini artırmak açısından önemlidir. Elde edilen sonuçlarda önceki çalışmalardaki bulguları destekler niteliktedir. Ayrıca yapılan çalışmada adli açıdan önemli türler olarak Diptera takımından Chrysomya rufifacies, Lucilia bufonivora, Lucilia illustris, Atherigona orientalis ve Hymenoptera takımından Brachymeria podagrica Türkiye’de adli açıdan önemli türler arasına ilk kez kaydedilmiştir.

Keywords

• Sonbahar mevsimi
• kapalı ortam
• koyun iç organları
• tür teşhisi
• adli böcekler

Detection of forensic insects invading internal organs of sheep left indoors in the terrestrial area in the autumn season in Aksaray province

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: This study was carried out in order to detect legally important terrestrial insects coming to the internal organs of sheep placed indoors and to increase the usability and reliability of the data obtained from previous studies in the region. METHODS: This study started with the placement of sheep’s internal organs in an unused and sheltered empty room built as a storage for the purpose of detecting terrestrial insects of forensic importance. Work; It started on September 11, 2019 and ended on November 19, 2019. During this time, the insects on the sheep’s internal organs were collected and the physical changes that occurred were photographed. Indoor and outdoor air temperature in the study area was recorded during the study. RESULTS: The collected samples were examined in the laboratory and a species diagnosis was made. As a result of this process, 19 species and 3 genera were determined. The detected species; 15 of them are from the order Diptera, 6 from the order of Coleoptera, and one from the order Hymenoptera. CONCLUSION: This study is the second study conducted in terrestrial area in Aksaray province and the first study conducted in a closed environment. The data obtained from the study are important in terms of increasing the usability and reliability of previous studies. The results obtained support the findings of previous studies. In addition, from Diptera order Chrysomya rufifacies, Lucilia bufonivora, Lucilia illustris, Atherigona orientalis and Brachymeria podagrica species from the order Hymenoptera was recorded for the first time among the legally important species in our country.

Keywords

• Autumn
• indoor environment
• sheep internal organs
• species identification
• forensic insects

References

1. Bryd JH, Castner JL. Forensic Entomology 2nd Edition. Boca Raton, USA: CRP Press, 2010.
2. Sharma S, Rajinder S. Forensic aquatic entomology: A Review. The Indian Police Journal 2014;61 3 :1-268.
3. Gennard DE. Forensic Entomology–An introduction. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.2007.
4. Benecke M. A brief history of forensic entomology. Forensic Sci Int 2001;120 1-2 : 2-14.
5. Benecke M, Josephı E, Zweıhoff R. Mediterranean Academy of Forensic Sciences, Neglect of the Ederly: Forensic Entomolog Cases and Considerations 2004; 146 1 : 195.
6. Smith KGV. A Manual Of Forensic Entomology. Ithaca: NY Cor- nell University Press, 1986.
7. Savran B, Koc S ve Çetin G. Forensic entomology. J. Forensic Med. 1994; 10 1-2-3-4 :143-152.
8. Açıkgöz HN, Hancı İH ve Çetin G. How do we benefit from events called [in Turkish]. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 2002;51 3 : 117-125.

9. Hancı H. Forensic entomology [in Turkish].Türkiye Barolar Birliği 2003;49: 400-5.
10. Sevgili M, Şaki CE ve Özkutlu Z. External Myiasis in the Şanlıurfa province: The distribution of flies. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2004;28 3 :150- 3.
11. Karatepe M. Yağcı Ş. Karatepe B. ve Karaer Z. The Remains of Cattle Slaughtered in the Open Fields Provided the Growth Medi- um for the Myiasis Fly. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2005;29 4 :271-4.
12. Tüzün A ve Yüksel S. Estimating post-mortem interval in fo- rensic entomology investigations: review. J. Forensic Med 2007;4 1 : 23-32.
13. Özdemir S, Sert O. Systematic studies on male genitalia of coleoptera species faund on decomposing pig Sus scrofa L. carcasses in Ankara provience. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 2008; 36 2 : 137-161.
14. Özdemir S, Sert O. Determination of Coleoptera fauna on car- casses in Ankara province, Turkey. Forensic Sci Int 2009;183 1- :24–32.
15. Şabanoğlu B, Sert O. Determination of Calliphoridae Dip- tera fauna and seasonal distribution on carrion in Ankara prov- ince. J Forensic Sci 2010;55 4 :1003-7.
16. Açıkgöz HN, Açıkgöz A ve İşbaşar T. Predator behavior of Chrysomya albiceps Fabricius Diptera:Calliphoridae on hu- man corpses. Türkiye Parazitoloji Derneği 2011;35 2 ;105-9.
17. Bana R ve Beyarslan A. Determination of Coleoptera species of pig carcasses and internal organs of bovine in Edirne city of Turkey. BEU J. Sci. 2012;1 2 :122-6.
18. Sert O, Kabalak M, Şabanoğlu B. Determination of forensi- cally important Coleoptera and Calliphoridae Diptera species on decomposing dog Canis lupus familiaris L. carcass at An- kara province Hacettepe. J Biol Chem 2012;40 1 :99–103.
19. Çoban E ve Beyarslan A. Identification of Dipteran species of forensic entomology importance in summer season in Edirne. Bitlis Eren Univ J Sci & Technol 2013;3 1 : 18-21.
20. Kökdener M. ve Polat E. Insect succession on dog Canis lu- pus familiaris L. carcasses in Samsun province, Turkey. Mun. ent. zool. 2014;9 2 : 858-69.
21. Yeşilyurt Fazlıoğlu G. Kubanç C ve Kolusayın M. Identification of Diptera families in fauna of Thrace: first record of Muscina stabulans for forensic entomology. J. Forensic Med 2014;28 1 : 52.
22. Karataş D ve Darılmaz MC. A preliminary study on aquatic forensic entomology in Turkey. J For Med 2018;32 1 :18-29.
23. Darılmaz MC, Karataş D ve Taşatan H. Ultrastructural stud- ies on the antenna of Diptera of forensic importance. Mun. ent. zool. 2019;14 1 : 197-205.
24. Sert O ve Ergil C. A study of the pupal development of Cal- liphora vomitoria L.1758 Calliphoridae: Diptera at different temperatures . Turk J Zool 2021;45 4 : 277-95.
25. Amendt J, Campobasso CP, Gaudry E, Reiter C, LeBlanc HN ve Hall MJR. Best practice in forensic entomology-standards and guidelines. Int. J. Legal Med. 2007;121 2 :90–104.
26. Tomberlin JK, Adler PH. Seasonal colonization and decom- position of rat carrion in water and on land in an open field in South Carolina. J Med Entomol 1998;35 5 :704-9.
27. Amendt J, Zehner R, Krettek R. Forensic entomology. Natur- wissenschaften 2004; 91:51–65.
28. Freude H. Kafer Mitteleuropas, Band 7, pp.20-77, Harde KW. ve Lohse GA. eds. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag: Germany, 1967.
29. Klimaszewski J. ve Watt, JC. Fauna of New Zealand. Number Coleoptera: Family Group Review and Keys to Identification. Lincoln, New Zealand: Manaaki Whenua Press, 1997.
30. Cutter RM. Identification of Calyptrate Diptera to Family. Available at: http://www.nku.edu/~dahlem/ForensicFlyKey/fam- ilies.htm. cited: 12 March 2019 .
31. Şabanoğlu B. Determination of Calliphoridae Diptera fauna on carcass and morphological studies in the point of systematic aspect at Ankara province. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, 2007 .
32. Uzal A. Faunistic studies on Calliphoridae Diptera species of Isparta province Turkey . Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Isparta, 2018 .
33. Couri MS, Pont AC ve Penny ND. California Academy of Sci- ences, San Francisco. USA: Proceedings of the California Acad- emy of Sciences 2006;57 29 :799-923.
34. Carvalho CJB ve Mello-Patiu CA. Key to the adults of the most common forensic species of Diptera in South America. Rev Bras Entomol 2008;52 3 :390-406.
35. Szpila K. Key for the identification of third instars of European blowflies Diptera: Calliphoridae of forensic importance Third instars. In: Amendt J, Campobasso CP, Grassberger M eds. Cur- rent Consept Forensic Entomology Dordrecht-Heidelberg-Lon- don-New York: USA Springer Press, 2010: 43–56.
36. Szpila K. Key for identification of European and Mediterra- nean blowflies Diptera, Calliphoridae of medical and veterinary importance – adult flies. In: Gennard D eds. Forensic Entomol- ogy, An Introduction, 2nd Edition Chichester, West Sussex: The Atrium John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2012: 77–81.
37. Couri MS, Carvalho CJB ve Pont AC. Taxonomy of the Mus- cidae Diptera of Namibia: a key to genera, diagnoses, new records and description of a new species, African Inverte- brates 2012; 53 1 :47-67. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5733/ afin.053.0103
38. Williams KA ve Villet MH. Morphological identification of Lu- cilia sericata, Lucilia cuprina and their hybrids Diptera, Calli- phoridae . ZooKeys 2014;420: 69-85.
39. Yang ST, Kurahashi H. ve Shiao SF. Keys to the blow flies of Taiwan, with a checklist of recorded species and the description of a new species of Paradichosia Senior-White Diptera, Calli- phoridae . ZooKeys 2014;14 434 :57-109.
40. Grzywacz A, Ogiela J and Tofilski A. Identification of Mus- cidae Diptera of medico-legal importance by means of wing measurements. Parasitology Research 2017;116 5 :1495-1504.
41. Davidson J. On the relationship between temperature and rate of development of insects at constant temperatures. J. Anim. Ecol.1944; 13: 26–38.
42. Weidner LM, Byrd J, Sutton L, ve Hans KR. Forensic Ento- mology: An introduction to the literature of the United States. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Forensic Science 2021;3 5 , e1435. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/wfs2.1435
43. Haskell NH, McShaffrey DG, Hawley DA, William RE, Pless JE. Use of aquatic insects in determining submersion interval. J Forensic Sci 1989;34 3 :622-32.
44. Higley LG, Haskell NH. Insect development and forensic en- tomology. In Forensic Entomology: Utility of Arthropods in Legal Investigations; Byrd JH, Castner JL eds. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2001: p.287–302.
45. Matuszewski S, Szafałowicz M. Temperature-dependent ap- pearance of forensically useful beetles on carcasses. Forensic Sci. Int. 2013; 229:92–99.
46. Hofer IM, Hart AJ, Martín-Vega D, Hall MJ. Optimising crime scene temperature collection for forensic entomology casework. Forensic Sci. Int. 2017; 270:129–138.
47. Matuszewski S, Frątczak K, Konwerski S, Bajerlein D, Szpila K, Jarmusz M, Mądra A. Effect of body mass and clothing on carrion entomofauna. Int. J. Legal Med. 2016; 130 1 :221-232.
48. Farag MR, Anter RGA, Elhady WM, Khalil SR, Abou-Zeid SM, Hassanen EAA. Diversity, succession pattern and colonization of forensic entomofauna on indoor rat carrions concerning the manner of death Fis. Acc. Lincei 2021;32:521-538. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-021-01009-w
49. Smith KGV. A manual of forensic entomology. Ithaca: Brit- ish Museum Natural History , London, and Cornell University Press; 1986.
50. Bonacci T, Mendicino F, Bonelli D, Carlomagno F, Curia G, Scapoli C, Pezzi M. Investigations on Arthropods Associated with Decay Stages of Buried Animals in Italy. Insects, 2021;12 4 :311.
51. Sanford MR. Insects and associated arthropods analyzed during medicolegal death investigations in Harris County, Texas, USA: January 2013- April 2016. PLoS ONE, 2017;12 6 , e0179404.
52. Weidner LM, Monzon MA and Hamilton GC. Death eaters re- spond to the dark mark of decomposition day and night: Obser- va-tions of initial insect activity on piglet carcasses. Int. J. Legal Med. 2016;130:1633–37.
53. Grzywacz A, Hall MJ, Pape T. and Szpila K. Muscidae Dip- tera of forensic importance—an identification key to third instar larvae of the western Palaearctic region and a catalogue of the muscid carrion community. Int. J. Legal Med. 2017; 131 3 : 855.
54. Matuszewski S, Bajerlein D, Konwerski S, Szpila K. An initial study of insect succession and carrion decomposition in various forest habitats of Central Europe. Forensic Sci Int. 2008;180:61– doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.06.015.
55. Matuszewski S, Bajerlein D, Konwerski S, Szpila K. Insect succession and carrion decomposition in selected forests of Central Europe. Part 2: composition and residency patterns of carrion fauna. Forensic Sci Int. 2010;195:42–51. doi: 10.1016/j. forsciint.2009.11.007.
56. Kamran A, Abbas Ali M, Hossein L, Azam M, Teymour H, Ko- sar Rezaei T, Rahman Babapour D, Ehsan R, Abbas Aghaei A. Natural Parasitism associated with species of Sarcophagidae family of Diptera in Iran. Ann. Trop. Med. Public Health 2016; 1 :1-4. doi:10.4103/1755-6783.196593
57. Uçar H. Researching of terrestrial insects of forensic impor- tance in the south of Aksaray. Aksaray Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Aksaray, 2019 .
58. Richards CS, Paterson ID, Villet MH. Estimating the age of immature Chrysomya albiceps Diptera: Calliphoridae , correct- ing for temperature and geographical latitude. Int. J. Leg. Med. ; 122: 271–79.
59. Marchenko MI. Medicolegal relevance of cadaver entomo- fauna for the determination of the time of death. Forensic Sci. Int. 2001;120: 89–109.
60. Salimi M, Rassi Y, Oshaghi M, Chatrabgoun O, Limoee M, Rafizadeh S. Temperature requirements for the growth of im- mature stages of blowflies species, Chrysomya albiceps and Calliphora vicina Diptera: Calliphoridae under laboratory con- ditions. Egypt. J. Forensic Sci. 2018; 8: 1–6.
61. Grassberger M, Friedrich E, Reiter C. The blowfly Chrysomya albiceps Wiedemann Diptera: Calliphoridae as a new forensic indicator in Central Europe. Int. J. Leg. Med. 2003;117: 75–81.
62. Vélez MC, Wolff M. Rearing five species of Diptera Calliphori- dae of forensic importance in Colombia in semicontrolled field conditions. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 2008; 48: 41–7.
63. Shiravi A, Mostafavi R, Akbarzadeh K, Oshaghi MA. Tem- perature requirements of some common forensically important blow and flesh flies Diptera under laboratory conditions. Iran. J. Arthropod-Borne Dis. 2011; 5, 54.
64. Beuter L, Mendes J. Development of Chrysomya albiceps Wiedemann Diptera: Calliphoridae in different pig tissues. Neotrop. Entomol. 2013; 42: 426–30.
65. Rashed SS, Yamany AS, El-Basheir ZM, Zaher EE. Influence of fluctuated room conditions on the development of the forensi- cally important Chrysomya albiceps Wiedemann Diptera: Cal- liphoridae . J. Adv. Med. Med. Res. 2015; 5:1413–21.
66. Queiroz MC. Temperature requirements of Chrysomya albi- ceps Wiedemann, 1819 Diptera, Calliphoridae under labora- tory conditions. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1996;91: 785–88.
67. Greenberg B. Flies as forensic indicators. J. Med. Entomol. ; 28: 565–77.
68. Martín-Vega D, Simonsen TJ, Wicklein M, Hall MJ. Age es- timation during the blow fly intra-puparial period: A qualitative and quantitative approach using micro-computed tomography. Int. J. Leg. Med. 2017;131: 1429–48.
69. Davies L, Ratcliffe G. Development rates of some pre-adult stages in blowflies with reference to low temperatures. Med. Vet. Entomol. 1994;8: 245–54.
70. Grassberger M, Reiter C. Effect of temperature on develop- ment of Liopygia = Sarcophaga argyrostoma Robineau-Des- voidy Diptera: Sarcophagidae and its forensic implications. J. Forensic Sci. 2002; 47: 1332–36.
71. Sert, O, Örsel GM, Şabanoğlu B, Özdemir S. A Study of the pupal developments of Sarcophaga argyrostoma Robineau- Desvoidy, 1830 . Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol. 2020; 16: 12–9.
72. Karapazarlıoğlu E, Özman-Sullivan SK. 2011Determination of Insect Species and Succession on Pig Carcasses in Indoor Environment and a Case Study. Turkey IV. Plant Protection Congress Proceedings, 28-30 June 2011, Ankara.
73. Fuentes-López A, Sala AP, Romera E, Galián J. DNA-based and taxonomic identification of forensically important Sarcoph- agidae Diptera in southeastern Spain. Sci. Justice 2021;61 2 : 159.
74. Martín-Vega D, Díaz-Aranda LM, Baz A, Cifrián B. Effect of temperature on the survival and development of three forensi- cally relevant Dermestes species Coleoptera: Dermestidae . J. Med. Entomol. 2017; 54: 1140–50.
75. Amos T. Some laboratory observations on the rates of de- velopment, mortality and oviposition of Dermestes frischii Kug. Col., Dermestidae . J. Stored Prod. Res. 1968; 4: 103–117.
76. Lambiase S, Murgia G, Sacchi R, Ghitti M, Di Lucia V. Effects of different temperatures on the development of Dermestes Frischii and Dermestes undulatus Coleoptera, Dermestidae : Comparison between species. J. Forensic Sci. 2018; 63: 469–73.
77. Hu G, Wang M, Wang T, Tang H, Chen R, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Jin J, Wang Y, Wu M. Development of Necrobia rufipes De Geer, Coleoptera: Cleridae under constant temperature and ıts ımplication in forensic entomology. Forensic Sci. Int. 2020; 311: 275.
78. Bugelli V, Forni D, Bassi LA, Di Paolo M, Marra D, Lenzi S, Vanin S. Forensic entomology and the estimation of the mini- mum time since death in indoor cases. J Forensic Sci 2015;60 2 : 525-31.
79. Pekbey G. A preliminary study on determination of small car- rion visitor Sarcophagidae Diptera species from Yozgat Tur- key , with Two New Records. Turkjans 2019; 6 3 : 354-62.
80. Karataş D. Researching aquatic insects having forensic im- portance in the south part of Aksaray. Aksaray Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Aksaray, 2015 .