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Grafit Fırınlı Atomik Absorpsiyon Spektrometresi ile Atış Artıkları El Svaplarında Antimon Elementinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2016, Volume: 30 Issue: 2, 110 - 116, 31.08.2016
https://izlik.org/JA67YS72PA

Abstract

AMAÇ: Ateşli silah kalıntılarının tanımlanması ve belirlenmesi ateşli silahlarla ilgili kriminal vakaların aydınlatılmasında oldukça önemlidir. Günümüzde ateşli silah kalıntılarında bulunan anorganik partüküllerin analizine dayalı yöntemler laboratuvar ortamlarında rutin olarak uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Grafit Fırınlı Atomik Absorpsiyon Spektrometre GFAAS enstrümanı kullanarak atış artıkları el svaplarında antimon elementini belirleme yönteminin geliştirilmesidir. YÖNTEM: Çalışmada atış artıkları svap örneklerinde Zeeman zemin düzeltmeli GFAAS yöntemi ile antimon analizi yapılmıştır. El svabı çalışması için kullanılan silah ve mühimmat sırasıyla Sarsılmaz Kılınç Mega 2000 ile MKE 9 mm x 19 Parabellum’dur. Svap örneklerini almak için hastane tipi flaster bant kullanılmıştır. Analizden önce el svapları örnekleri 5 ml %8’lik v: v nitrik asitle muamele edilmiştir. BULGULAR: Yöntem sırasıyla 3,31 µg/L ve 9,93 µg/L’ye eşit gözlenebime sınırı LOD ve tayin sınırı LOQ ile 0-200 µg/L antimon konsantrasyonu arasında doğrusallık gösterdi. Kalibrasyon grafiği yüksek bir korelasyon katsayısı r=0,9992 ile karakterize edildi. Referans standart antimon çözeltisine uygulanan yöntem sonucunda sırasıyla %100,99 ve %2,06’a eşit başarılı bir yüzde geri kazanım ve yüzde bağıl standart sapma elde edilmiştir. SONUÇ: Atış artıkları svaplarında antimon analizi için geliştirilen yöntem, diğer analiz yöntemlerine göre basit, hızlı ve hassas bir yöntemdir. Yöntem çok yüksek miktarda kimyasal gerektirmediğinden taramalı elektron mikroskobu-enerji ayırgan x-ışını spektroskopisi SEM-EDS veya eşleşmiş plazma – kütle spektrometresi ICP-MS gibi diğer yöntemlere göre daha ekonomiktir. Bu çalışmada önerilen yöntemin dezavantajı ise tanımlanan atış artığı elementi hakkında morfolojik bilgi vermemesidir. Sonuç olarak, GFAAS ile laboratuvar ortamlarında rutin olarak uygulanabilecek bir atış artığı analizi yöntemi geliştirilip valide edilmiştir.

References

  • Dalby O, Butler D, Birkett JW. Analysis of gunshot resi- due and associated materials—a review. J Forensic Sci ;55 4 :924–43.
  • Meng HH, Caddy B. Gunshot residue analysis. J Forensic Sci 1997;42 4 :553–70.
  • Molina DK, Martinez M, Garcia J, DiMaio VJ. Gunshot resi- due testing in suicides: Part I: analysis by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2007;28 3 :187-90.
  • Newton JT. Rapiddetermination of antimony, barium, and lead in gunshot residue via automated atomic absorption spectrophotometry. J Forensic Sci 1981;26 2 :302–12.
  • MacCrehan WA, Layman MJ, Secl JD. Hair combing to collect organic gunshot residues OGSR . Forensic Sci Int ;135 2 :167–73.
  • Maloney RS, Thornton JI. Color tests for diphenylamine stabilizer and related compounds in smokeless gunpowder. J Forensic Sci 1982;27 2 :318-29.
  • Yüksel B, Şenocak N, Bora T, Arıca E, Eroğlu A. Importance of Organic Compounds in Gunshot Residue Analysis. Booklet of Spring Symposium of Forensic Science, 2014:314.
  • Zhao M, Zhang S, Yang C, Xu Y, Wen Y, Sun L, Zhang X. Desorption electrospray thandem MS DESI-MSMS analysis of methylcentralite and ethylcentralite as gunshot residues on skin and other surfaces. J Forensic Sci 2008;53 4 :807–11.
  • Arndt J, Bell S, Crookshanks L, Lovejoy M, Oleska C, Tulley T, Wolfe D. Preliminary evaluation of the persistence of or- ganic gunshot residue. Forensic Sci Int 2012;222 1-3 :137–45.
  • International Conference on Harmonization ICH of Tech- nical Requirements for the Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, Validation of Analytical Procedures: Meth- odology ICH-Q2B , 1996. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/ downloads/drugs/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinforma- tion/guidances/ucm073384.pdf Access Date: September 29,2015.
  • Brożek-Mucha Z. Chemical and morphological study of gunshot residue persisting on the shooter by means of scan- ning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spec- trometry. Microsc Microanal 2011;17 6 :972-82.
  • Jalanti T, Henchoz P, Gallusser A, Bonfanti MS. The per- sistence of gunshot residue on shooters’ hands. Sci Justice ;39 1 :48-52.
  • Rijnders MR, Stamouli A, Bolck A. Comparison of GSR composition occurring at different locations around the firing position. J Forensic Sci 2010;55 3 :616-23.
  • Berk RE, Rochowicz SA, Wong M, Kopina MA. Gunshot residue in Chicago police vehicles and facilities: an empirical study. J Forensic Sci 2007;52 4 :838-41.
  • Biedermann A, Taroni F. Bayesian networks for evaluating forensic DNA profiling. Forensic Sci Int 2009;191 1-3 :24-35.
  • Romolo FS, Margot P. Identification of gunshot residue: a critical review. Forensic Sci Int 2001;119 2 :195-211.
  • Fundemantals, Instrumentation and Techniques of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Analytik Jena AG, Konrad–Zuse- Straße 1, 07745 Jena, Germany. Available at: http://www. analytik-jena.de Access Date: September 26, 2015.
  • Di Maio VJ. Gunshot Wounds: Practical Aspects of fire- arms, ballistics, and forensic techniques, 2nd edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1999;346-7.

Determination of Antimony Element in Gunshot Residue Hand Swabs by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Year 2016, Volume: 30 Issue: 2, 110 - 116, 31.08.2016
https://izlik.org/JA67YS72PA

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Determination and identification of gunshot residue GSR is quite important to illuminate the criminal cases related to firearms. At present, methods based on analysis of inorganic particles existing in gunshot residue are routinely performed in the laboratory settings. The purpose of this study is to develop a method for determination of antimony element in gunshot residue hand swabs using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorbtion Spectrometry. METHODS: In this study, analysis of antimony in gunshot residue swab samples was performed with GFAAS equipped with Zeeman background correction. The fiream used for the hand swab study was Sarsılmaz Kılınç Mega 2000 loaded with MKE 9 mm x 19 parabellum ammunation. In order to have swab samples, medical type plaster bant was utilized. Prior to analysis, hand swab samples were pre-treated with 5 mL of 8% v: v nitric acid. RESULTS: The method showed linearity in the range of 0-200μg/ L antimony concentration, with a detection and quantification limit of 3.31μg/L and 9.93μg/L, respectively. The calibration curve was characterized by a high correlation coefficient r=0.9992 . As a result of the method that was applied to the standard antimony solution, successful percent recovery and percent relative standard deviation equal to 100.99% and 2.06% were, respectively, obtained. CONCLUSION: The method developed for antimony determination in gunshot residue hand swabs is relatively simple, rapid and sensitive. Since this method does not require large amount of chemical reagents, it is relatively much more economical than such other scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis SEMEDS and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry ICP-MS methods. Disadvantage of the method proposed in this study is that no morphological information is given about the identified gunshot residue element. As a result, gunshot residue analysis by GFAAS which can be routinely performed in the laboratory settings has been developed and validated.

References

  • Dalby O, Butler D, Birkett JW. Analysis of gunshot resi- due and associated materials—a review. J Forensic Sci ;55 4 :924–43.
  • Meng HH, Caddy B. Gunshot residue analysis. J Forensic Sci 1997;42 4 :553–70.
  • Molina DK, Martinez M, Garcia J, DiMaio VJ. Gunshot resi- due testing in suicides: Part I: analysis by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2007;28 3 :187-90.
  • Newton JT. Rapiddetermination of antimony, barium, and lead in gunshot residue via automated atomic absorption spectrophotometry. J Forensic Sci 1981;26 2 :302–12.
  • MacCrehan WA, Layman MJ, Secl JD. Hair combing to collect organic gunshot residues OGSR . Forensic Sci Int ;135 2 :167–73.
  • Maloney RS, Thornton JI. Color tests for diphenylamine stabilizer and related compounds in smokeless gunpowder. J Forensic Sci 1982;27 2 :318-29.
  • Yüksel B, Şenocak N, Bora T, Arıca E, Eroğlu A. Importance of Organic Compounds in Gunshot Residue Analysis. Booklet of Spring Symposium of Forensic Science, 2014:314.
  • Zhao M, Zhang S, Yang C, Xu Y, Wen Y, Sun L, Zhang X. Desorption electrospray thandem MS DESI-MSMS analysis of methylcentralite and ethylcentralite as gunshot residues on skin and other surfaces. J Forensic Sci 2008;53 4 :807–11.
  • Arndt J, Bell S, Crookshanks L, Lovejoy M, Oleska C, Tulley T, Wolfe D. Preliminary evaluation of the persistence of or- ganic gunshot residue. Forensic Sci Int 2012;222 1-3 :137–45.
  • International Conference on Harmonization ICH of Tech- nical Requirements for the Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, Validation of Analytical Procedures: Meth- odology ICH-Q2B , 1996. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/ downloads/drugs/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinforma- tion/guidances/ucm073384.pdf Access Date: September 29,2015.
  • Brożek-Mucha Z. Chemical and morphological study of gunshot residue persisting on the shooter by means of scan- ning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spec- trometry. Microsc Microanal 2011;17 6 :972-82.
  • Jalanti T, Henchoz P, Gallusser A, Bonfanti MS. The per- sistence of gunshot residue on shooters’ hands. Sci Justice ;39 1 :48-52.
  • Rijnders MR, Stamouli A, Bolck A. Comparison of GSR composition occurring at different locations around the firing position. J Forensic Sci 2010;55 3 :616-23.
  • Berk RE, Rochowicz SA, Wong M, Kopina MA. Gunshot residue in Chicago police vehicles and facilities: an empirical study. J Forensic Sci 2007;52 4 :838-41.
  • Biedermann A, Taroni F. Bayesian networks for evaluating forensic DNA profiling. Forensic Sci Int 2009;191 1-3 :24-35.
  • Romolo FS, Margot P. Identification of gunshot residue: a critical review. Forensic Sci Int 2001;119 2 :195-211.
  • Fundemantals, Instrumentation and Techniques of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Analytik Jena AG, Konrad–Zuse- Straße 1, 07745 Jena, Germany. Available at: http://www. analytik-jena.de Access Date: September 26, 2015.
  • Di Maio VJ. Gunshot Wounds: Practical Aspects of fire- arms, ballistics, and forensic techniques, 2nd edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1999;346-7.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Forensic Biology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Bayram Yüksel This is me

Aynur Özler Yiğitler This is me

Taner Bora This is me

Aydın Bozkurt This is me

Murat Çavuş This is me

Submission Date January 1, 2016
Publication Date August 31, 2016
IZ https://izlik.org/JA67YS72PA
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 30 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver 1.Bayram Yüksel, Aynur Özler Yiğitler, Taner Bora, Aydın Bozkurt, Murat Çavuş. Grafit Fırınlı Atomik Absorpsiyon Spektrometresi ile Atış Artıkları El Svaplarında Antimon Elementinin Belirlenmesi. J For Med [Internet]. 2016 Aug. 1;30(2):110-6. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA67YS72PA
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