DİŞ ÖRNEKLERİNDEN DNA ELDE EDİLME METOTLARININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI VE ADLİ BİLİMLER AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Abstract

Dişlerden genetik materyalin ekstraksiyonu özellikle adli araştırmalarda DNA analizlerinin önemli bir parçasıdır. Dişler insan vücudunun en sert yapısı olması, nem, yüksek ısı ve mikrobiyal olaylar gibi sert çevre koşullarına karşı dayanıklı olması nedeni ile adli olaylarda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Dişlerden DNA ekstraksiyonunda birçok yöntem olmasına karşın, son zamanlarda dişin tamamen öğütülerek kullanıldığı metotlar yerine dişleri koruyucu metotlar önem kazanmaya başlamıştır, bu şekilde arkeolojik ipuçları ve müze örnekleri de korunmuş olacaktır. Dişlerde koruyucu metotların kullanılmasının avantajı nispeten düşük maliyetli olması ve adli araştırmalarda dişin bütünlüğünün korunmasıdır. Bu derlemede Ters Kök Kanal Metodu, Doğru Kanal metodu, Kemik Tozu Hazırlama Metodu’nun ve bazı diğer metotların avantaj ve dezavantajları açıklanmaya çalışılmış, adli bilimler açısından önemi hakkında değerlendirmelere yer verilmiştir.

Keywords

• DNA ekstraksiyonu
• dişler
• adli bilimler

COMPARISION OF DNA EXTRACTION METHODS FROM TEETH SAMPLES AND EVALUATION IN TERMS OF FORENSIC SCIENCES

Abstract

The extraction of genetic material from teeth is an essential part of DNA analysis especially in forensic investigations. Teeth are widely used in forensic cases because they are the hardest structures of the human body that is resistant to adverse conditions such as humidity, high temperature and the microbial action. There are currently many DNA extraction methods from teeth, however, more conservative methods are gaining importance recently rather than grinding the whole tooth because the tooth samples of archaeological evidence or museum samples have to be preserved. The advantages of conservative technique are its simplicity, relatively low cost and preservation of the tooth integrity which can be considered in forensic investigations. In this report we aimed to clarify the advantages and disadvantages of Retrograde Reverse Root Canal Technique, Orthograde Entrance Technique, Bone Mill Preparition Technique (Traditional) and some other methods. Besides assessments on their importance in terms of forensic science are given.

Keywords

• DNA extraction
• teeth
• forensic sciences

References

1. 1- Da Silva RH, Sales-Peres A, de Oliveira RN, de Oliveira FT, Sales-Peres SH.Use of DNA technology in forensic dentistry. J Appl Oral Sci 2007;15:156-61.
2. 2- Frumkin D, Wasserstrom A, Davidson A, Grafit A. Authentication of forensic DNA samples. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2010;4:95-103.
3. 3- Borovko SR, Korban VV, Kritskaya SV, Yeumenenka SA. Missing people: Problems of identification of unknown bodies using DNA database. Forensic Science International:Genetic Supplement Series 2009; 2:1,260-262
4. 4- Jakubowska J, Maciejewska A and Paw owski R. Comparison of three methods of DNA extraction from human bones with different degrees of degradation, International J.Legal Medicine 2011; DOI 10.1007/s00414-011-0590-5.
5. 5- Piccinini A, Betti F, Capra M, Cattaneo C. The identification of the victims of the Linate air crash by DNA analysis. International Congress Series 1261,2004;39– 41
6. 6- Çöloğlu AS. Adli Olaylarda Kimlik Belirlemesi. In: Soysal Z, Çakalır C; eds. Adli Tıp Cilt 1.1. baskı, İstanbul: İ.Ü. Tıp Fak. Yayınlarından Rektörlük No:4165 Fakülte No:224; 1999; 73-92.
7. 7- Bilge Y, Kedici PS, Doğan AY, Ulkuer U, İlkyaz Y. The identification of a dismembered human body: a multidisciplinary approach. Forensic Science International 2003;137:141–146.
8. 8- Budowle B, Bieber FR, Eisenberg AJ. Forensic aspects of mass disasters: Strategic considerations for DNA-based human identification, Legal Medicine,2005;7, 230–243.

9. 9- Alaeddini R, Walsh JS, Abbas A. Forensic implications of genetic analyses from degraded DNA-a review, Forensic Science International: Genetics 2010;4,148–157.
10. 10- Adler CJ, Haak W, Donlon D, Cooper A, the G Consortium. Survival and recovery of DNA from ancient teeth and bones.Journal of Archaeological Science 2011; 38, 956-964.
11. 11-Manjunath BC, Chandrashekar BR, Mahesh M, Vatchala, Rani RM.DNA profiling and forensic dentistry-A reviw of the recent concepts and trends. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 2011;18(5):191-7.
12. 12- Cerri N, Ricci U, Verzeletti A, Falconi B, De Ferrari F, Typing of teeth with two different amplification systems, International Congress Series 1261,2004; 622–624.
13. 13- Alakoç YD, Aka PS. “Orthograde entrance technique” to recover DNA from ancient teeth preserving the physical structure. Forensic Science International 2009;188,96-98.
14. 14- Butler JM. Genetics and genomics of core short tandem repeat loci used in human identity testing. Journal Forensic Science 2006;51(2):253-65.
15. 15- Butler JM, Almirall JR. Forensic Science, Anal. Chem 2007; 79, 4365-4384
16. 16- Dönmez, ÖU. DNA Analizinde laboratuar kaynaklı kontaminasyonun tespiti ve adli bilimler açısından değerlendirilmesi,Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2008.
17. 17- Wurmb-Schwark von N, Schwark T, Harbeck M, Oehmichen M, A simple Duplex-PZR to evaluate the DNA quality of anthropological and forensic samples prior short tandem repeat typing,Legal Medicine 6, 2, 2004; 80-88.
18. 18- Hoff-Olsen P, Mevag B, Staalstroem E, Hovde B, Egeland T and Olaison B, Extraction of DNA from decomposed human tissue. An evaluation of five extraction methods for short tandem repeat typing. Forensic Science International 105,1999; 171–183.
19. 19- Schneider PM, Bender K, Mayr WR, Parson W, Hoste B, Decorte R, Cordonnier J, Vanek D, Morling N, Karjalainen M, Marie-Paule Carlotti C, Sabatier M, Hohoff C, Schmitter H, Pflug W, Wenzel R, Patzelt D, Lessig R, Dobrowolski P, O’Donnell G, Garafano L, Dobosz M, De Knijff P, Mevag B, Pawlowski R, Gusmão L, Conceicao Vide M, Alonso Alonso A, García Fernández O, Sanz Nicolás P, Kihlgreen A, Bär W, Meier V, Teyssier A, Coquoz R, Brandt C, Germann U, Gill P, Hallett J, Greenhalgh M.STR analysis of artificially degraded DNA results of a collaborative European exercise, Forensic Science International 139,2004; 123–134.
20. 20- Edwards A, Civitello A, Hammond HA, Caskey CT. DNA typing and genetic mapping with trimeric and tetrameric tandem repeats. American Journal Human Genetic 1991; 49(4): 746-756.
21. 21- Wurmb-Schwark von N, Harbeck M, Wiesbrock U, Schroeder I, Ritz-Timme S and Oehmichen M. Extraction and amplification of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from ancient and artificially aged bones. Legal Medicine 5 2003; 169–172.
22. 22- Yang DY, Watt K. Contamination controls when preparing archaeological remains for ancient DNA analysis, Journal of Archaelogical Science 32,3,2005; 331-336.
23. 23- Jones M, Ancient DNA in preColumbian archaeology: a review. Journal of Archaeological Science 30, 2003; 629–635.
24. 24- Richards MB, Sykes B and Hedges R, Authenticating DNA extracted from ancient skeletal remains. Journal of Archaeological Science 22,1995; 291–299.
25. 25- Meyer E, Wiese M, Bruchhaus, H, Claussen M, Klein A, Extraction and amplification of authentic DNA from ancient human remains. Forensic Science International 2000;113, 87-90.
26. 26- Haak W, Brandt G, de Jong HN, Meyer C, Ganslmeier R, Heyd V, Hawkesworth C, Pike AW, Meller H, Alt KW. Ancient DNA, Strontium isotopes, and osteological analyses shed light on social and kinship organization of the Later Stone Age. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2008; 105, 18226-18231.
27. 27-Ginther C, Issel-Tarver L and King MC, Identifying individuals by sequencing mitochondrial DNA from teeth. National Genetic 2,1992; 135–138.
28. 28-Tully G, Bär W, Brinkmann B, Carracedo A and Gill P, Morling N, Considerations by the European DNA profiling (EDNAP) group on the working practices, nomenclature and interpretation of mitochondrial DNA profiles. Forensic Science International 124,2001; 83–91.
29. 29- Cobb JC, Ancient DNA recovered by a non destructive method, Ancient Biomolecules 2002; 4 (4),169–172.
30. 30- Smith BC, Fisher DL, Weedn VW, Warnock GR and Holland MM, A systematic approach to the sampling of dental DNA. Journal of Forensic Science 38;1993;1194–1209.
31. 31-Trivedi R, Chattopadhyay P and Kashyap VK, A New improved method for extraction of DNA from teeth for the analysis of hypervariable loci. American J Forensic Med Pathol 23,2002;191–196.
32. 32- Hofreiter M, Serre D, Poinar HN, Kuch M and Pääbo S, Ancient DNA. Nature Review Genetics 2,2001; 353–359.
33. 33- Kemp BM, Smith DG. Use of bleach to eliminate contaminating DNA from the surface of bones and teeth. Forensic Science International 2005;10;154(1):53-61.
34. 34- Kotan LD. Silika Metodu ile Kemikten DNA Ekstraksiyonu, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı, 2010; Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
35. 35- Heras SM, Valenzuela A, Luna JD, Bravo M. The utility of dental patterns in forensic dentistry,Forensic Science International 2010; 25;195(1-3):166.e1-5
36. 36- Petju M, Suteerayongprasert A, Thongpud R, Hassiri K. Importance of dental records for victim identification following the Indian Ocean tsunami disaster in Thailand, Public Health 2007;121,251-257.
37. 37-Malaver PC and Yunis JJ. Different dental tissues as source of DNA for human identification in forensic cases J Croat Med, 44 ,2003; 306–309.
38. 38- Presecki Z, Brkic H, Primorac D, Drmic I. Methods of preparing the tooth for DNA isolation, Acta Stomatol Croat 2000; 21-24.
39. 39-Shiroma CY, Fielding CG, Lewis JA Jr, Gleisner MR, Dunn KN. A minimally destructive technique for sampling dentin powder for mitochondrial DNA testing. J Forensic Science 2004;49(4):791-5.
40. 40- Rohland N, Hofreiter M. Ancient DNA extraction form bones and teeth. Nature Protocols 2007;2:7.