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Çocuk Cinsel İstismarında Mağdur ve İstismar Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Bir Çocuk İzlem Merkezi Deneyimi

Year 2023, Volume: 37 Issue: 3, 143 - 149, 18.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.61970/adlitip.1364131

Abstract

Amaç: Bakırköy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi bünyesinde hizmet veren Çocuk İzlem Merkezinde (ÇİM) değerlendirilen hastaların başvuru şekilleri ve nedenleri, ailelerinin demografik özellikleri, uygulanan prosedürler ve sağlanan hizmetleri gözden geçirmeyi amaçladık.

Yöntem: 2015-2020 tarihleri arasında olası cinsel istismar şüphesi ile değerlendirilen vakaların dosyaları retrospektif olarak tarandı. Yapılan adli ve psikiyatrik görüşme ile cinsel istismar tanısı konmuş olan vakalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Vakaların demografik bilgileri, bildirim şekilleri, istismarcının yaşı, mağdurla olan yakınlık derecesi, paydaş kurumlarca yapılan işlemler, diğer işlemler gibi veriler kayıt edildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 384 vaka dahil edildi. Vakaların 320 tanesi (% 83.3) kız iken 64 (%16.7) tanesi erkek idi. Vakaların ortalama yaşı 12.7 (±3.17) yıl idi. İstismarların 268’i (%69.8) basit cinsel istismar iken 114’ü (%29.7) nitelikli cinsel istismar şeklinde idi. Basit cinsel istismarda bulunan kişiler daha çok yabancılar iken (n=78, %29.1, p<0.001) nitelikli cinsel istismarda bulunanların çoğu arkadaş/sevgili (n=59, %52.2, p<0.001) idi. Aile içi cinsel istismar (ensest), olguların %15.9 (n=61)’ini oluşturuyordu. Bunların 26'sı (%6.8) 1. derece, 35'i (%9.1) 2. derece akraba idi. 45 vakada (%11.7) ise istismarcı, mağdura hizmet veren kamu çalışanı idi. İstismarcının yakınlığı yaş grubuna göre karşılaştırıldığında 0-6, 7-11, 12-18 yaş grupları arasında anlamlı fark vardı (p<0.001). 17 (%4.4) çocuk ve ergen için koruma kararı çıkarıldı.

Sonuç: ÇİM'lerde hizmet standardizasyonunun sağlanması ve bunun uzun dönem etkileri açısından birtakım endişeler olsa da, toplumsal farkındalığın artırılması, halkın eğitilmesi, çocuk koruma politikalarının geliştirilmesi ve savunulması gibi konularda önemli rol oynamaktadır.

References

  • Organization WH. Preventing child maltreatment: a guide to taking action and generating evidence: World Health Organization; 2006.
  • Leeb RT. Child maltreatment surveillance: Uniform definitions for public health and recommended data elements: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury; 2008.
  • Pereda N, Guilera G, Forns M, Gómez-Benito J. The international epidemiology of child sexual abuse: A continuation of Finkelhor (1994). Child abuse & neglect. 2009;33(6):331-42.
  • Scoglio AAJ, Kraus SW, Saczynski J, Jooma S, Molnar BE. Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors for Revictimization After Child Sexual Abuse. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 2019:1524838018823274.
  • ORHAN G, ULUKOL B, CANBAZ H. ÇOCUK İZLEM MERKEZİ MODELİ VE BU MODELDE GÖZLENEN SORUNLAR. Kriz Dergisi.27(3):178-86.
  • ÇOCUK İZLEM MERKEZİ (ÇİM) LİSTESİ: Kamu Hastaneleri Genel Müdürlüğü; [Available from: https://khgmsaglikhizmetleridb.saglik.gov.tr/TR-43119/cocuk-izlem-merkezi-cim-listesi.html.
  • Bağ Ö, Alşen S. Çocuğun cinsel istismarının değerlendirilmesinde yeni model: Çocuk İzlem Merkezleri. 2016.
  • BİLGİNER SÇ, ÇALIŞKAN D. ÇOCUĞU İSTİSMARDAN KORUMADA YENİ BİR YAKLAŞIM: ÇOCUK İZLEM MERKEZLERİ. Prof Dr Emine AKYÜZ’e Armağan. 2018:119.
  • Jackson SL. A USA national survey of program services provided by child advocacy centers. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2004;28(4):411-21.
  • Newman BS, Dannenfelser PL. Children's protective services and law enforcement: Fostering partnerships in investigations of child abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 2005;14(2):97-111.
  • Herbert JL, Walsh W, Bromfield L. A national survey of characteristics of child advocacy centers in the United States: Do the flagship models match those in broader practice? Child Abuse & Neglect. 2018;76:583-95.
  • Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS, Ullman JB. Using multivariate statistics: pearson Boston, MA; 2013.
  • Herbert JL, Bromfield L. Evidence for the efficacy of the Child Advocacy Center model: A systematic review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 2016;17(3):341-57.
  • Herbert JL, Bromfield L. Better Together? A Review of Evidence for Multi-Disciplinary Teams Responding to Physical and Sexual Child Abuse. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 2017;20(2):214-28.
  • Brink FW, Thackeray JD, Bridge JA, Letson MM, Scribano PV. Child advocacy center multidisciplinary team decision and its association to child protective services outcomes. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2015;46:174-81.
  • Wherry JN, Huey CC, Medford EA. A national survey of child advocacy center directors regarding knowledge of assessment, treatment referral, and training needs in physical and sexual abuse. Journal of child sexual abuse. 2015;24(3):280-99.
  • Thackeray JD, Scribano PV, Rhoda D. Domestic violence assessments in the child advocacy center. Child abuse & neglect. 2010;34(3):172-82.
  • Eskin M, Kaynak-Demir H, Demir S. Same-sex sexual orientation, childhood sexual abuse, and suicidal behavior in university students in Turkey. Archives of sexual behavior. 2005;34:185-95.
  • Aksüt Y. Çocuk cinsel istismarının sosyolojik analizi (Malatya çocuk izlem merkezi uygulaması): İnönü Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2020.
  • Donmez YE, Soylu N, Ozcan OO, Yuksel T, Demir AC, Bayhan PC, et al. Sociodemographic and Clinical Features of Sexually Abused Children and Adolescents Cases. 2014.
  • Keelan CM, Fremouw WJ. Child versus peer/adult offenders: A critical review of the juvenile sex offender literature. Aggression and violent behavior. 2013;18(6):732-44.
  • BAĞ Ö, ALŞEN S. Çocuk izlem merkezinde cinsel istismarın değerlendirilmesi: Bir merkezin bir yıllık deneyimi. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry/Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2017;18(1).
  • Brunton R, Dryer R. Child Sexual Abuse and Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2021;111:104802.
  • Noll JG, Shenk CE, Putnam KT. Childhood Sexual Abuse and Adolescent Pregnancy: A Meta-analytic Update. Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 2008;34(4):366-78.

Evaluation of Victim and Abuse Characteristics in Child Sexual Abuse: A Child Advocacy Center Experience

Year 2023, Volume: 37 Issue: 3, 143 - 149, 18.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.61970/adlitip.1364131

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to review the admission patterns and reasons, demographic characteristics of the families, procedures performed, and services provided to the patients who were evaluated at the Child Advocacy Center (CAC) of Bakırköy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Mental and Neurological Diseases Training and Research Hospital.

Method: The files of cases evaluated with suspicion of possible sexual abuse between 2015 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Cases diagnosed with sexual abuse after forensic and psychiatric interviews were included in the study. Data such as demographic information of the cases, reporting methods, age of the abuser, degree of closeness with the victim, actions taken by stakeholder institutions, and other actions were recorded.

Results: A total of 384 cases were included in the study. Of the 384 cases, 320 (83.3%) were female and 64 (16.7%) were male. The mean age of the cases was 12.7 (±3.17) years. While 268 (69.8%) of the abuses were harassment, 114 (29.7%) were rape. While the harassers were mostly strangers (n=78, 29.1%, p<0.001), most of the rapists were friends/relatives (n=59, 52.2%, p<0.001). Intrafamilial sexual abuse (incest) constituted 15.9% (n=61) of the cases.
Of these, 26 (6.8%) were 1st degree relatives and 35 (9.1%) were 2nd degree relatives. In 45 cases (11.7%), the abuser was a public employee providing services to the victim. When the proximity of the abuser was compared by age group, there was a significant difference between the 0-6, 7-11, 12-18 age groups (p<0.001). 17 (4.4%) children and adolescents received protection orders.

Conclusion: Although there are some concerns about the standardization of services in CRCs and its long-term effects, they play an important role in raising social awareness, educating the public, developing and defending child protection policies.

References

  • Organization WH. Preventing child maltreatment: a guide to taking action and generating evidence: World Health Organization; 2006.
  • Leeb RT. Child maltreatment surveillance: Uniform definitions for public health and recommended data elements: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury; 2008.
  • Pereda N, Guilera G, Forns M, Gómez-Benito J. The international epidemiology of child sexual abuse: A continuation of Finkelhor (1994). Child abuse & neglect. 2009;33(6):331-42.
  • Scoglio AAJ, Kraus SW, Saczynski J, Jooma S, Molnar BE. Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors for Revictimization After Child Sexual Abuse. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 2019:1524838018823274.
  • ORHAN G, ULUKOL B, CANBAZ H. ÇOCUK İZLEM MERKEZİ MODELİ VE BU MODELDE GÖZLENEN SORUNLAR. Kriz Dergisi.27(3):178-86.
  • ÇOCUK İZLEM MERKEZİ (ÇİM) LİSTESİ: Kamu Hastaneleri Genel Müdürlüğü; [Available from: https://khgmsaglikhizmetleridb.saglik.gov.tr/TR-43119/cocuk-izlem-merkezi-cim-listesi.html.
  • Bağ Ö, Alşen S. Çocuğun cinsel istismarının değerlendirilmesinde yeni model: Çocuk İzlem Merkezleri. 2016.
  • BİLGİNER SÇ, ÇALIŞKAN D. ÇOCUĞU İSTİSMARDAN KORUMADA YENİ BİR YAKLAŞIM: ÇOCUK İZLEM MERKEZLERİ. Prof Dr Emine AKYÜZ’e Armağan. 2018:119.
  • Jackson SL. A USA national survey of program services provided by child advocacy centers. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2004;28(4):411-21.
  • Newman BS, Dannenfelser PL. Children's protective services and law enforcement: Fostering partnerships in investigations of child abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 2005;14(2):97-111.
  • Herbert JL, Walsh W, Bromfield L. A national survey of characteristics of child advocacy centers in the United States: Do the flagship models match those in broader practice? Child Abuse & Neglect. 2018;76:583-95.
  • Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS, Ullman JB. Using multivariate statistics: pearson Boston, MA; 2013.
  • Herbert JL, Bromfield L. Evidence for the efficacy of the Child Advocacy Center model: A systematic review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 2016;17(3):341-57.
  • Herbert JL, Bromfield L. Better Together? A Review of Evidence for Multi-Disciplinary Teams Responding to Physical and Sexual Child Abuse. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 2017;20(2):214-28.
  • Brink FW, Thackeray JD, Bridge JA, Letson MM, Scribano PV. Child advocacy center multidisciplinary team decision and its association to child protective services outcomes. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2015;46:174-81.
  • Wherry JN, Huey CC, Medford EA. A national survey of child advocacy center directors regarding knowledge of assessment, treatment referral, and training needs in physical and sexual abuse. Journal of child sexual abuse. 2015;24(3):280-99.
  • Thackeray JD, Scribano PV, Rhoda D. Domestic violence assessments in the child advocacy center. Child abuse & neglect. 2010;34(3):172-82.
  • Eskin M, Kaynak-Demir H, Demir S. Same-sex sexual orientation, childhood sexual abuse, and suicidal behavior in university students in Turkey. Archives of sexual behavior. 2005;34:185-95.
  • Aksüt Y. Çocuk cinsel istismarının sosyolojik analizi (Malatya çocuk izlem merkezi uygulaması): İnönü Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2020.
  • Donmez YE, Soylu N, Ozcan OO, Yuksel T, Demir AC, Bayhan PC, et al. Sociodemographic and Clinical Features of Sexually Abused Children and Adolescents Cases. 2014.
  • Keelan CM, Fremouw WJ. Child versus peer/adult offenders: A critical review of the juvenile sex offender literature. Aggression and violent behavior. 2013;18(6):732-44.
  • BAĞ Ö, ALŞEN S. Çocuk izlem merkezinde cinsel istismarın değerlendirilmesi: Bir merkezin bir yıllık deneyimi. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry/Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2017;18(1).
  • Brunton R, Dryer R. Child Sexual Abuse and Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2021;111:104802.
  • Noll JG, Shenk CE, Putnam KT. Childhood Sexual Abuse and Adolescent Pregnancy: A Meta-analytic Update. Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 2008;34(4):366-78.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ayşegül Tonyalı 0000-0003-0734-5602

Gül Karaçetin 0000-0002-9109-6559

Hacer Ayşen Atik Tosunlar This is me 0000-0001-9789-9216

Binay Kayan Ocakoğlu 0000-0003-0043-6288

Early Pub Date December 15, 2023
Publication Date December 18, 2023
Submission Date September 21, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 37 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Tonyalı A, Karaçetin G, Atik Tosunlar HA, Kayan Ocakoğlu B. Çocuk Cinsel İstismarında Mağdur ve İstismar Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Bir Çocuk İzlem Merkezi Deneyimi. J For Med. 2023;37(3):143-9.
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