The Evaluation of Occlusion Characteristic and Deleterious Oral Habits in 3- to 5-year-old Children

Yıl 2024, , 303 - 311, 20.05.2024

Nagehan Aktaş , Zeliha Hatipoğlu Palaz , Nese Akal

https://doi.org/10.54617/adoklinikbilimler.1376924

Öz

Aim: Malocclusion is a prevalent public health concern, impacting craniofacial growth and development, and significantly affecting the quality of life of children in terms of oral health. This study investigated the prevalence of malocclusion in children aged 3 to 5 years, aiming to understand its occlusal characteristics, deleterious oral habits, correlations, and their parents’ attitudes toward malocclusion.
Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study included 275 children aged 3-5 and their parents. The occlusion characteristics of the children participating in the study, including the relationship of the primary molar and canine teeth, overjet, crossbite, deep bite and anterior open bite, were evaluated and recorded by a researcher. A 7-item questionnaire was administered to the parents to collect sociodemographic data and oral health habits of the children's parents. The chi-square test was used for statistical assessment of results.
Results: The results revealed that 40.7% of the children had malocclusion during their primary dentition period. It was found that the most common malocclusion was deep bite (15.7%) and harmful oral habits, especially bruxism (16.3%), were commonly observed among children in the researched age group.
Conclusion: The results of this study will play an important role in shaping future oral health planning, especially regarding malocclusions seen in the primary dentition. It is thought that the findings from the study will guide strategies to improve oral health and preventive measures.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Child, Deleterious oral habits, Malocclusion, Primary dentition

Etik Beyan

This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Dentistry at Gazi University in 2019. (application number: 19.03/4).

3-5 Yaş Arasındaki Çocuklarda Okluzyon Özellikleri ve Zararlı Ağız Alışkanlıklarının Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: Malokluzyon, kraniyofasiyal büyüme ve gelişmeyi ve ağız sağlığı açısından çocukların yaşam kalitesini önemli ölçüde etkileyen yaygın bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Bu çalışma, 3-5 yaş arası çocuklarda malokluzyonun yaygınlığını araştırarak malokluzyonun özelliklerini, zararlı ağız alışkanlıklarını, korelasyonlarını ve ebeveynlerinin maloklüzyon sorununa yönelik tutumlarını anlamayı amaçlamaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışmaya 3-5 yaş arasındaki 275 çocuk ve onların ebeveynleri dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan çocukların süt molar ve kanin dişlerinin ilişkisi, overjet, çapraz kapanış, derin kapanış ve anterior açık kapanış dahil olmak üzere okluzyon özellikleri bir araştırmacı tarafından değerlendirilerek kayıt altına alınmıştır. Çocukların ebeveynlerinin sosyodemografik verileri ve ağız sağlığıyla ilgili alışkanlıklarını toplamak için ebeveynlere 7 maddelik bir anket uygulanmıştır. İstatistik analizi Ki-kare testi kullanılarak yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmanın sonuçları çocukların %40.7'sinin süt dişlenme döneminde malokluzyona sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. En yaygın görülen malokluzyonun derin kapanış olduğu (%15.7) ve başta bruksizm (%16.3) olmak üzere zararlı ağız alışkanlıklarının araştırılan yaş grubundaki çocuklar arasında yaygın olarak gözlemlendiği bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, özellikle süt dişlenme döneminde görülen malokluzyonlarla ilgili olarak gelecekteki ağız sağlığı planlamasının şekillendirilmesinde önemli bir rol oynayacaktır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulguların, ağız sağlığını ve önleyici tedbirleri geliştirmeye yönelik stratejilere rehberlik edeceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çocuk, Malokluzyon, Süt dentisyon, Zararlı ağız alışkanlıkları

Kaynakça

• Masood Y, Masood M, Zainul NN, Araby NB, Hussain SF, Newton T. Impact of malocclusion on oral health related quality of life in young people. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2013;11:25.
• Amr-Rey O, Sánchez-Delgado P, Salvador-Palmer R, Cibrián R, Paredes-Gallardo V. Association between malocclusion and articulation of phonemes in early childhood. Angle Orthod 2022;92:505-11.
• Lombardo G, Vena F, Negri P, Pagano S, Barilotti C, Paglia L, et al. Worldwide prevalence of malocclusion in the different stages of dentition: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2020;21:115-22.
• Santana LG, Flores-Mir C, Iglesias-Linares A, Pithon MM, Marques LS. Influence of heritability on occlusal traits: a systematic review of studies in twins. Prog Orthod 2020;21:29.
• Romero CC, Scavone-Junior H, Garib DG, Cotrim-Ferreira FA, Ferreira RI. Breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking patterns related to the prevalence of anterior open bite in primary dentition. J Appl Oral Sci 2011;19:161-8.
• D'Onofrio L. Oral dysfunction as a cause of malocclusion. Orthod Craniofac Res 2019;22:43-8.
• Lin L, Chen W, Zhong D, Cai X, Chen J, Huang F. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Malocclusion among Preschool Children in Huizhou, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023;11:1050.
• Farsi NM, Salama FS. Sucking habits in Saudi children: prevalence, contributing factors and effects on the primary dentition. Pediatr Dent 1997;19:28-33.
• Dhull K, Verma T, Dutta B. Prevalence of Deleterious Oral Habits among 3- to 5-year-old Preschool Children in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11:210-3.
• Rodríguez-Olivos LHG, Chacón-Uscamaita PR, Quinto-Argote AG, Pumahualcca G, Pérez-Vargas LF. Deleterious oral habits related to vertical, transverse and sagittal dental malocclusion in pediatric patients. BMC Oral Health 2022;22:88.
• Roscoe MG, da Silva Bonifacio SV, da Silva TB, Pingueiro JM, Lemos MM, Feres MF. Association of Breastfeeding Duration, Nonnutritive Sucking Habits, and Malocclusion. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11:18-22.
• Zhou X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Chen L, Liu Y. Prevalence of Malocclusion in 3- to 5-Year-Old Children in Shanghai, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017;14:328.
• Aldweesh AH, Ben Gassem AA, AlShehri BM, AlTowaijri AA, Albarakati SF. Parents' Awareness of Early Orthodontic Consultation: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022;19:1800.
• Rapeepattana S, Suntornlohanakul S, Thearmontree A. Orthodontic treatment needs of children with high caries using Index for Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontic Needs (IPION). Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2019;20:351-8.
• Alsaggaf DH, Alqarni MZ, Barayan SA, Assaggaf AA, Alansari RA. Parents' Awareness of Malocclusion and Orthodontic Consultation for Their Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. Children (Basel) 2022;9:1974.
• American Association of Orthodontics [Internet]. St. Louis Missouri: The Association. The First Visit. Available online: https://www3.aaoinfo.org/blog/parent-s-guide-post/first-visit/ (accessed on 10 September 2023).
• Alnaafa M, Altamimi Y, Alajlan S, Alateeq N, Almarshedi A, Alsaleh M, et al. The parental awareness regarding early orthodontic treatment in Hail city. Int Med J 2020;27:220–3.
• Berneburg M, Zeyher C, Merkle T, Möller M, Schaupp E, Göz G. Orthodontic findings in 4- to 6-year-old kindergarten children from southwest Germany. J Orofac Orthop 2010;71:174-86.
• Corrêa-Faria P, Ramos-Jorge ML, Martins-Júnior PA, Vieira-Andrade RG, Marques LS. Malocclusion in preschool children: prevalence and determinant factors. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2014;15:89-96.
• Foster TD, Hamilton MC. Occlusion in the primary dentition. Study of children at 2 and one-half to 3 years of age. Br Dent J 1969;126:76-9.
• Baume LJ. Developmental and diagnostic aspects of the primary dentition. Int Dent J 1959;9:349–66.
• Anu V, Pavani B, Pavani D, Liana BJ, Lubna FA, Saikrishna YV. Distribution of School Children Based on the Type of Terminal Plane in Primary Dentition: A Study among 3- to 5-year-old Children in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13:136-7.
• Yilmaz Y, Gürbüz T, Simşek S, Dalmiş A. Primary canine and molar relationships in centric occlusion in three to six year-old Turkish children: a cross-sectional study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006;7:59-66.
• Sharma K, Bihani T, Kumar V. Prevalence of Malocclusion in Primary Dentition in Southeast Part of Haryana, India: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14:757-61.
• Khan R, Singh N, Govil S, Tandon S. Occlusion and occlusal characteristics of primary dentition in North Indian children of East Lucknow region. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2014;15:293-9.
• Zhou Z, Liu F, Shen S, Shang L, Shang L, Wang X. Prevalence of and factors affecting malocclusion in primary dentition among children in Xi'an, China. BMC Oral Health 2016;16:91.
• Davidopoulou S, Arapostathis K, Berdouses ED, Kavvadia K, Oulis C. Occlusal features of 5-year-old Greek children: a cross-sectional national study. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22:281.
• Rajchanovska D, Zafirova-Ivanovska B. Oral habits among pre-elementary children in Bitola. Prilozi 2012;33:157-69.
• Omer MI, Abuaffan AH. Prevalence of oral habits and its effect in primary dentition among Sudanese preschool children in Khartoum city. Indian J Dent Educ 2015;8:57-62.
• Onyeaso CO, Sote EO. Prevalence of oral habits in 563 Nigerian preschool children age 3-5 years Niger Postgrad Med J 2001;8:193-5.