Idiopathic Granulomatosis in Gingiva: A Challenging Case Report
Year 2025,
Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 145 - 152, 26.05.2025
Deren Sezgin
,
İpek Atak Seçen
,
Benay Yıldırım
,
Ayşen Bodur
Abstract
Introduction: Identifying the etiology and pathogenesis of granulomas in the orofacial region can be challenging as a wide range of disorders are associated with granulomatosis. A diverse range of etiologies, including genetic, immunologic, allergic, and infectious mechanisms, have been implicated in granulomatosis. A comprehensive clinical, microscopic, and laboratory assessment may be necessary to ascertain the underlying cause of granulomatous inflammation.
Case Report: This case presents a female adolescent patient with idiopathic granulomatosis in the gingiva, lacking any identifiable causative factors. Intraoral examination revealed granular erythematous gingiva, especially in the anterior regions of the maxillary and mandibular arches, and a biopsy was taken
after initial periodontal therapy. A histopathological examination revealed the presence of a non-caseating granulomatous lesion. Further investigations were conducted to rule out potential causative factors. Subsequent analysis showed no abnormalities in the patient’s general health.
Conclusion: In the absence of a clear etiological explanation for a given lesion, eliminating the disease and constructing an appropriate treatment plan may prove challenging.
Thanks
The authors would like to thank Gazi University Academic Writing Application and Research Center for proofreading the article.
References
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Asai J. What is new in the histogenesis of granulomatous skin diseases? J Dermatol 2017;44:297-303.
-
Sciubba JJ, Said-Al-Naief N. Orofacial granulomatosis: presentation, pathology, and management of 13 cases. J Oral Pathol Med 2003;32:576-85.
-
Lipozenčić J, Hadžavdić SL. Perioral dermatitis. Clin Dermatol 2014;32:125-30.
-
Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Buduneli N, Dietrich T, Feres M, Fine DH, et al. Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Periodontol 2018;89(Suppl 1):S173-82.
-
Al-Hamad A, Porter S, Fedele S. Orofacialgranulomatosis. Dermatol Clin 2015;33:433-46.
Grave B, McCullough M, Wiesenfeld D. Orofacial granulomatosis – a 20-year review. Oral Dis 2009;15:46-51.
-
Ramakrishnan L. Revisiting the role of the granuloma in tuberculosis. Nat Rev Immunol 2012;12:352-66.
-
Alawi F. Granulomatous diseases of the oral tissues: differential diagnosis and update. Dent Clin North Am 2005;49:203-21.
-
Alawi F. An update on granulomatous diseases of the oral tissues. Dent Clin North Am 2013;57:657-71.
-
Müller S. Non-infectious granulomatous lesions of the orofacial region. Head Neck Pathol 2019;13:449-56.
-
Alawi F, Shields BE, Omolehinwa T, Rosenbach M. Oral granulomatous disease. Dermatol Clin 2020;38:429-39.
-
Amberkar V, Krishnasamy N, GS M. Foreign body reaction to oral tissue: iatrogenic factors. Indian J Dent Educ 2017;10:48-50.
-
McCartan B, Healy C, McCreary C, Flint S, Rogers S, Toner M. Characteristics of patients with orofacial granulomatosis. Oral Dis 2011;17:696-704.
-
Adamina M, Bonovas S, Raine T, Spinelli A, Warusavitarne J, Armuzzi A, et al. ECCO guidelines on therapeutics in Crohn’s disease: surgical treatment. J Crohn’s Colitis 2019;14:155-68.
-
Baughman RP, Lower EE, du Bois RM. Sarcoidosis. Lancet 2003;361:1111-8.
-
Thomas KW, Hunninghake GW. Sarcoidosis. JAMA 2003;289:3300-3.
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Mignogna MD, Fedele S, Lo Russo L, Lo Muzio L. The multiform and variable patterns of onset of orofacial granulomatosis. J Oral Pathol Med 2003;32:200-5.
Diş Etinde Saptanan İdiyopatik Granülomatozis: Zorlu bir Vaka Raporu
Year 2025,
Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 145 - 152, 26.05.2025
Deren Sezgin
,
İpek Atak Seçen
,
Benay Yıldırım
,
Ayşen Bodur
Abstract
Giriş: Orofasiyal bölgedeki granülomların etiyolojisini ve patogenezini belirlemek, çok çeşitli hastalıkların granülomatozis ile ilişkili olması nedeniyle zor olabilmektedir. Granülom oluşumunda; genetik, immünolojik, alerjik ve enfeksiyöz dahil olmak üzere çok sayıda etiyoloji öne sürülmüştür. Granülomatöz inflamasyonun altında yatan nedeni tespit etmek için kapsamlı bir klinik muayene ile birlikte, mikrobiyolojik değerlendirme ve laboratuvar değerlendirmeleri gerekebilir.
Vaka Raporu: Bu olgu raporunda, dişetinde idiyopatik granülomatozisi olan ve tanımlanabilir herhangi bir nedensel faktör bulunmayan adölesan dönemdeki kadın hasta sunulmaktadır. Ağız içi muayenede özellikle maksiller ve mandibular arkların ön bölgelerinde granüler eritematöz dişeti saptanmış ve başlangıç periodontal tedavisinden sonra ilgili bölgeden biyopsi alınmıştır. Histopatolojik incelemede, kazeifiye olmayan granülomatöz bir lezyonun varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Potansiyel etiyolojik faktörleri ekarte etmek için ilgili bölümlerde ileri tetkikler yapılmıştır. Devamında yapılan analizler hastanın sistemik durumunda herhangi bir anomali olmadığını göstermiştir.
Sonuç: Granülomatöz lezyonlar için net bir etiyolojik faktör saptanamadığında, hastalığı ortadan kaldırmak ve uygun bir tedavi planı oluşturmak zor olabilmektedir.
References
-
Asai J. What is new in the histogenesis of granulomatous skin diseases? J Dermatol 2017;44:297-303.
-
Sciubba JJ, Said-Al-Naief N. Orofacial granulomatosis: presentation, pathology, and management of 13 cases. J Oral Pathol Med 2003;32:576-85.
-
Lipozenčić J, Hadžavdić SL. Perioral dermatitis. Clin Dermatol 2014;32:125-30.
-
Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Buduneli N, Dietrich T, Feres M, Fine DH, et al. Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Periodontol 2018;89(Suppl 1):S173-82.
-
Al-Hamad A, Porter S, Fedele S. Orofacialgranulomatosis. Dermatol Clin 2015;33:433-46.
Grave B, McCullough M, Wiesenfeld D. Orofacial granulomatosis – a 20-year review. Oral Dis 2009;15:46-51.
-
Ramakrishnan L. Revisiting the role of the granuloma in tuberculosis. Nat Rev Immunol 2012;12:352-66.
-
Alawi F. Granulomatous diseases of the oral tissues: differential diagnosis and update. Dent Clin North Am 2005;49:203-21.
-
Alawi F. An update on granulomatous diseases of the oral tissues. Dent Clin North Am 2013;57:657-71.
-
Müller S. Non-infectious granulomatous lesions of the orofacial region. Head Neck Pathol 2019;13:449-56.
-
Alawi F, Shields BE, Omolehinwa T, Rosenbach M. Oral granulomatous disease. Dermatol Clin 2020;38:429-39.
-
Amberkar V, Krishnasamy N, GS M. Foreign body reaction to oral tissue: iatrogenic factors. Indian J Dent Educ 2017;10:48-50.
-
McCartan B, Healy C, McCreary C, Flint S, Rogers S, Toner M. Characteristics of patients with orofacial granulomatosis. Oral Dis 2011;17:696-704.
-
Adamina M, Bonovas S, Raine T, Spinelli A, Warusavitarne J, Armuzzi A, et al. ECCO guidelines on therapeutics in Crohn’s disease: surgical treatment. J Crohn’s Colitis 2019;14:155-68.
-
Baughman RP, Lower EE, du Bois RM. Sarcoidosis. Lancet 2003;361:1111-8.
-
Thomas KW, Hunninghake GW. Sarcoidosis. JAMA 2003;289:3300-3.
-
Mignogna MD, Fedele S, Lo Russo L, Lo Muzio L. The multiform and variable patterns of onset of orofacial granulomatosis. J Oral Pathol Med 2003;32:200-5.