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Aydın İlinde 8-12 Yaş Arası Çocuklarda Molar-İnsizör Hipomineralizasyonu Prevalansı

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 224 - 232, 29.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.54617/adoklinikbilimler.1656408

Abstract

Amaç: Aydın’da yaşayan okul çocuklarında molar insizör hipomineralizasyonu (MIH) prevalansının ve çürük ile olan ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışmaya, Aydın'daki 9 farklı ilkokul ve ortaokula devam eden 8-12 yaş aralığındaki çocuklar dahil edilmiştir. Çocukların ağız içi muayeneleri sınıf ortamında, bir kafa lambası, steril ayna ve sond kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. DMFT/dft indeksi, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) kriterlerine göre değerlendirilmiş; molar insizör hipomineralizasyonu (MIH) ise Avrupa Pediatrik Diş Hekimliği Akademisi (EAPD) kriterlerine göre teşhis edilmiş ve derecelendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 1010 çocuk dahil edilmiştir. Çocukların ortalama yaşı 10±1,4 yıl olarak belirlenmiştir. MIH prevalansı %5,2 olarak tespit edilmiştir. MIH prevalansı molar dişlerde %5,1, insizör dişlerde %4,9 olup, hem anterior hem de posterior dişlerde eş zamanlı olarak MIH görülme oranı %2,5’tir. DMFT skoru ortalaması 0,7±1,5, 8-10 yaş grubundaki öğrenciler (n=632) için dft skoru ortalaması 3,1±2,9 olarak hesaplanmıştır. MIH bulunan öğrencilerde DMFT skoru (1,3±2,0), MIH bulunmayan öğrencilere (0,7±1,5) kıyasla daha yüksek bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Aydın'da MIH prevalansı düşük olarak saptanmış, vakaların çoğunun şiddetli MIH olarak sınıflandırıldığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, MIH lezyonları ile çürük arasında bir korelasyon gözlemlenmiştir. MIH ve çürük arasındaki ilişki ile bunların prevalansına dair elde edilen bulgular, korunma stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayacaktır.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma için Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu tarafından onay alınmıştır. Etik kuruk karar no: 02, Protokol no: AADÜDHF 2023/02. Tarih:18.01.2023. Çalışma, Helsinki Bildirgesi'ne uygun olarak yürütülmüştür.

Project Number

AADÜDHF 2023/02

References

  • 1. Lygidakis NA, Wong F, Jälevik B, Vierrou AM, Alaluusua S, Espelid I, et al. Best Clinical Practice Guidance for clinicians dealing with children presenting with Molar-Incisor- Hypomineralisation (MIH): An EAPD Policy Document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022;23:261–81.
  • 2. Lopes-Fatturi A, Fonseca-Souza G, Wambier LM, Brancher JA, Küchler EC, Feltrin-Souza J. Küchler EC, Feltrin-Souza J. Genetic polymorphisms associated with developmental defects of enamel: A systematic review. Int J Paediatr Dent 2025;35:298–310.
  • 3- Feltrin-Souza J, Fonseca-Souza G, Pinheiro E, Fraiz FC, Cerri PS. Systemic and environmental risk factors associated with molar incisor hypomineralisation. Monogr Oral Sci 2024;32:117-39.
  • 4. Gevert MV, Wambier LM, Ito LY, Feltrin de Souza J, Chibinski ACR. Which are the clinical consequences of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) in children and adolescents? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2024;28:415.
  • 5. Okutan AE, Yücelten AD, Menteş A. Developmental defects of enamel and dental anomalies in children with skin diseases. Clin Oral Investig 2025;29:245.
  • 6. Vollú AL, Pintor AVB, Maranón-Vásquez GA, Magno MB, Maia LC, Fonseca-Gonçalves A. Are low serum levels of Vitamin D associated with dental developmental defects in primary teeth? A systematic review. Evid Based Dent 2024;25:110.
  • 7. Restrepo M, de Farias AL, Cárdenas JM, Bussaneli DG, Yupanqui KV, Santos-Pinto L. Molar incisor hypomineralisation patient assessment: Comprehensive oral, clinical records and behavior evaluation. Monogr Oral Sci 2024;32:68-78.
  • 8. Portella PD, Menoncin BLV, de Souza JF, de Menezes JVNB, Fraiz FC, Assunção LRDS. Impact of molar incisor hypomineralization on quality of life in children with early mixed dentition: a hierarchical approach. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019;29:496-506.
  • 9. Lima MDM, Moura LFAD, Paiva SM, Lima CCB, Moura MS, Paschoal MAB. Impact of molar incisor hypomineralisation on quality of life. Monogr Oral Sci 2024;32:79-87.
  • 10. Paschoal MAB, Carvalho FK, Lima MDM, Leal SC. Factors associated with hypersensitivity, management, and treatment options for teeth with molar incisor hypomineralisation. Monogr Oral Sci 2024;29:157-65.
  • 11. Guerra BMDS, Jorge RC, Reis PPGD, Machado GF, Fidalgo TKDS, Soviero VM. Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization and demands for treatment according to the severity of its clinical manifestation. Clin Oral Investig 2025;29:82.
  • 12. Schwendicke F, Elhennawy K, Reda S, Bekes K, Manton DJ, Krois J. Global burden of molar incisor hypomineralization. J Dent 2018;68:10-8.
  • 13. Ammar N, Fresen KF, Schwendicke F, Kühnisch J. Epidemiological trends in enamel hypomineralisation and molarincisor hypomineralisation: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Clin Oral Investig 2025;29:327.
  • 14. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye ağız ve diş sağlığı profili araştırma raporu 2018. 2018:180-1.
  • 15. Koruyucu M, Özel S, Tuna EB. Prevalence and etiology of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in the city of Istanbul. J Dent Sci 2018;13:318-28.
  • 16. Kuscu OO, Caglar E, Aslan S, Durmusoglu E, Karademir A,Sandalli N. The prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in a group of children in a highly polluted urban region and a windfarm-green energy island. Int J Paediatr Dent 2009;19:176– 85.
  • 17. Sönmez H, Yıldırım G, Bezgin T. Putative factors associated with molar incisor hypomineralisation: an epidemiological study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2009;14:375-80.
  • 18. Kılınç G, Çetin M, Köse B, Ellidokuz H. Prevalence, aetiology, and treatment of molar incisor hypomineralization in children living in Izmir City (Turkey). Int J Paediatr Dent 2019;29:775-82.
  • 19. Ghanim A, Elfrink M, Weerheijm K, Mariño R, Manton DA. Practical method for use in epidemiological studies on enamel hypomineralisation. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2015;16:235-46.
  • 20. Zhao D, Dong B, Yu D, Ren Q, Sun Y. The prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization: evidence from 70 studies. Int J Paediatr Dent 2018;28:170–9.
  • 21. Jasulaityte L, Veerkamp JS, Weerheijm KL. Molar incisor hypomineralization: review and prevalence data from the study of primary school children in Kaunas/Lithuania. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2007;8:87-94.
  • 22. Lygidakis NA, Dimou G, Briseniou E. Molar-incisorhypomineralisation (MIH): Retrospective clinical study in Greek children. I. Prevalence and defect characteristics. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2008;9:200-6.
  • 23. Ghanim A, Morgan M, Mariño R, Bailey D, Manton D. Molarincisor hypomineralisation: prevalence and defect characteristics in Iraqi children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2011;21:413-21.
  • 24. Weerheijm KL, Duggal M, Mejàre I, Papagiannoulis L, Koch G, Martens LC, Hallonsten AL. Judgement criteria for molar incisor nhypomineralisation (MIH) in epidemiologic studies: a summary of the European meeting on MIH held in Athens, 2003. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2003;4:110-3.
  • 25. Hernández M, Boj JR, Espasa E, Peretz B. First permanent molars and permanent incisors teeth by tooth prevalence of molarincisor- hypomineralisation in a group of Spanish schoolchildren. Acta Stomatol Croat 2018;52:4-11.
  • 26. Mejía JD, Restrepo M, González S, Álvarez LG, Santos- Pinto L, Escobar A. Molar incisor hypomineralization in Colombia: Prevalence, severity and associated risk factors. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;43:185-9.
  • 27. Thakur H, Kaur A, Singh N, Singh R, Kumar S. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of molar-incisor hypomineralization in 8-16-year-old children in industrial town of Solan District of Himachal Pradesh. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13:230-4.
  • 28. Schmalfuss A, Stenhagen KR, Tveit AB, Crossner CG, Espelid I. Canines are affected in 16-year-olds with molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH): an epidemiological study based on the Tromsø study: "Fit Futures". Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2016;17:107-13.
  • 29. Oyedele T, Folayan MO, Kolawole KA, Oziegbe EO, Oshomoji OV, Chukwumah NM, et al. Prevalence, and early childhood caries risk indicators in preschool children in suburban Nigeria. BMC oral health 2015;15:1-12.
  • 30. Abdalla HE, Abuaffan AH, Kemoli AM. Molar incisor hypomineralization, prevalence, pattern and distribution in Sudanese children. BMC Oral Health 2021;21:1-8.
  • 31. Saitoh M, Nakamura Y, Hanasaki M, Saitoh I, Murai Y, Kurashige Y, et al. Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization and regional differences throughout Japan. Environ Health Prev Med 2018;23:1-6.
  • 32. Yannam SD, Amarlal D, Rekha CV. Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization in school children aged 8-12 years in Chennai. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2016;34:134-8.
  • 33. Bandeira Lopes L, Machado V, Botelho J, Haubek D. Molarincisor hypomineralization: an umbrella review. Acta Odontol Scand 2021;79:359-69.
  • 34. Nisii F, Mazur M, De Nuccio C, Martucci C, Spuntarelli M, Labozzetta S, et al. Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization among school children in Rome, Italy. Sci Rep 2022;12:7343.
  • 35- Villani FA, Aiuto R, Dioguardi M, Paglia, L, Caruso S. Gatto R, et al. Caries prevalence and molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) in children. Is there an association? A systematic review. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2023;24:312-20.
  • 36. Grošelj M, Jan J. Molar incisor hypomineralisation and dental caries amongchildren in Slovenia. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2013;14:241-5.
  • 37. Verma S, Dhinsa K, Tripathi AM, Saha S, Yadav G, Arora D. Molar incisor hypomineralization: prevalence, associated risk factors, its relation with dental caries and various enamel surface defects in 8-16-year-old schoolchildren of Lucknow District. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15:1-8.
  • 38. Americano GC, Jacobsen PE, Soviero VM, Haubek D. A systematic review on the association between molar incisor hypomineralization and dental caries. Int J Paediatr Dent 2017;27:11-21.
  • 39. Ebel M, Bekes K, Klode C, Hirsch C. The severity and degree of hypomineralisation in teeth and its influence on oral hygiene and caries prevalence in children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2018;28:648-57.

The Prevalence Of Molar-Incİsor Hypomineralization In Students Aged 8-12 Years In Aydın

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 224 - 232, 29.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.54617/adoklinikbilimler.1656408

Abstract

Aim: Evaluation of the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and its association with caries in students living in Aydın.
Material and Method: This cross-sectional study included children aged 8-12 years attending 9 different primary and secondary schools in Aydın. Intraoral examinations of the children were performed in the classroom using a headlight, a sterile mirror, and a probe. The DMFT/dft index was evaluated according to the World Health Organization criteria (WHO), and molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) was diagnosed and scored according to the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria.
Results: A total of 1010 children were included in the study. The mean age was 10±1.4 years. The prevalence of MIH was found to be 5.2%. The prevalence of MIH in posterior teeth was 5.1%, in anterior teeth was 4.9% and the concurrent prevalence of MIH in anterior and posterior teeth was 2.5. The DMFT score mean was 0.7±1.5 and the dft score mean for students in the 8-10 age group (n=632) is 3.1±2.9. In the students with MIH, the DMFT score (1.3±2.0) was found to be higher than those without MIH (0.7±1.5)
Conclusion: The prevalence of MIH in Aydın was found to be low, with the majority of cases classified as severe MIH and a correlation was observed between MIH lesions and caries. The correlation between MIH and caries, along with their respective prevalence, will facilitate the development of prevention strategies.

Project Number

AADÜDHF 2023/02

References

  • 1. Lygidakis NA, Wong F, Jälevik B, Vierrou AM, Alaluusua S, Espelid I, et al. Best Clinical Practice Guidance for clinicians dealing with children presenting with Molar-Incisor- Hypomineralisation (MIH): An EAPD Policy Document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022;23:261–81.
  • 2. Lopes-Fatturi A, Fonseca-Souza G, Wambier LM, Brancher JA, Küchler EC, Feltrin-Souza J. Küchler EC, Feltrin-Souza J. Genetic polymorphisms associated with developmental defects of enamel: A systematic review. Int J Paediatr Dent 2025;35:298–310.
  • 3- Feltrin-Souza J, Fonseca-Souza G, Pinheiro E, Fraiz FC, Cerri PS. Systemic and environmental risk factors associated with molar incisor hypomineralisation. Monogr Oral Sci 2024;32:117-39.
  • 4. Gevert MV, Wambier LM, Ito LY, Feltrin de Souza J, Chibinski ACR. Which are the clinical consequences of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) in children and adolescents? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2024;28:415.
  • 5. Okutan AE, Yücelten AD, Menteş A. Developmental defects of enamel and dental anomalies in children with skin diseases. Clin Oral Investig 2025;29:245.
  • 6. Vollú AL, Pintor AVB, Maranón-Vásquez GA, Magno MB, Maia LC, Fonseca-Gonçalves A. Are low serum levels of Vitamin D associated with dental developmental defects in primary teeth? A systematic review. Evid Based Dent 2024;25:110.
  • 7. Restrepo M, de Farias AL, Cárdenas JM, Bussaneli DG, Yupanqui KV, Santos-Pinto L. Molar incisor hypomineralisation patient assessment: Comprehensive oral, clinical records and behavior evaluation. Monogr Oral Sci 2024;32:68-78.
  • 8. Portella PD, Menoncin BLV, de Souza JF, de Menezes JVNB, Fraiz FC, Assunção LRDS. Impact of molar incisor hypomineralization on quality of life in children with early mixed dentition: a hierarchical approach. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019;29:496-506.
  • 9. Lima MDM, Moura LFAD, Paiva SM, Lima CCB, Moura MS, Paschoal MAB. Impact of molar incisor hypomineralisation on quality of life. Monogr Oral Sci 2024;32:79-87.
  • 10. Paschoal MAB, Carvalho FK, Lima MDM, Leal SC. Factors associated with hypersensitivity, management, and treatment options for teeth with molar incisor hypomineralisation. Monogr Oral Sci 2024;29:157-65.
  • 11. Guerra BMDS, Jorge RC, Reis PPGD, Machado GF, Fidalgo TKDS, Soviero VM. Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization and demands for treatment according to the severity of its clinical manifestation. Clin Oral Investig 2025;29:82.
  • 12. Schwendicke F, Elhennawy K, Reda S, Bekes K, Manton DJ, Krois J. Global burden of molar incisor hypomineralization. J Dent 2018;68:10-8.
  • 13. Ammar N, Fresen KF, Schwendicke F, Kühnisch J. Epidemiological trends in enamel hypomineralisation and molarincisor hypomineralisation: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Clin Oral Investig 2025;29:327.
  • 14. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye ağız ve diş sağlığı profili araştırma raporu 2018. 2018:180-1.
  • 15. Koruyucu M, Özel S, Tuna EB. Prevalence and etiology of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in the city of Istanbul. J Dent Sci 2018;13:318-28.
  • 16. Kuscu OO, Caglar E, Aslan S, Durmusoglu E, Karademir A,Sandalli N. The prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in a group of children in a highly polluted urban region and a windfarm-green energy island. Int J Paediatr Dent 2009;19:176– 85.
  • 17. Sönmez H, Yıldırım G, Bezgin T. Putative factors associated with molar incisor hypomineralisation: an epidemiological study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2009;14:375-80.
  • 18. Kılınç G, Çetin M, Köse B, Ellidokuz H. Prevalence, aetiology, and treatment of molar incisor hypomineralization in children living in Izmir City (Turkey). Int J Paediatr Dent 2019;29:775-82.
  • 19. Ghanim A, Elfrink M, Weerheijm K, Mariño R, Manton DA. Practical method for use in epidemiological studies on enamel hypomineralisation. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2015;16:235-46.
  • 20. Zhao D, Dong B, Yu D, Ren Q, Sun Y. The prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization: evidence from 70 studies. Int J Paediatr Dent 2018;28:170–9.
  • 21. Jasulaityte L, Veerkamp JS, Weerheijm KL. Molar incisor hypomineralization: review and prevalence data from the study of primary school children in Kaunas/Lithuania. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2007;8:87-94.
  • 22. Lygidakis NA, Dimou G, Briseniou E. Molar-incisorhypomineralisation (MIH): Retrospective clinical study in Greek children. I. Prevalence and defect characteristics. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2008;9:200-6.
  • 23. Ghanim A, Morgan M, Mariño R, Bailey D, Manton D. Molarincisor hypomineralisation: prevalence and defect characteristics in Iraqi children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2011;21:413-21.
  • 24. Weerheijm KL, Duggal M, Mejàre I, Papagiannoulis L, Koch G, Martens LC, Hallonsten AL. Judgement criteria for molar incisor nhypomineralisation (MIH) in epidemiologic studies: a summary of the European meeting on MIH held in Athens, 2003. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2003;4:110-3.
  • 25. Hernández M, Boj JR, Espasa E, Peretz B. First permanent molars and permanent incisors teeth by tooth prevalence of molarincisor- hypomineralisation in a group of Spanish schoolchildren. Acta Stomatol Croat 2018;52:4-11.
  • 26. Mejía JD, Restrepo M, González S, Álvarez LG, Santos- Pinto L, Escobar A. Molar incisor hypomineralization in Colombia: Prevalence, severity and associated risk factors. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;43:185-9.
  • 27. Thakur H, Kaur A, Singh N, Singh R, Kumar S. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of molar-incisor hypomineralization in 8-16-year-old children in industrial town of Solan District of Himachal Pradesh. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13:230-4.
  • 28. Schmalfuss A, Stenhagen KR, Tveit AB, Crossner CG, Espelid I. Canines are affected in 16-year-olds with molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH): an epidemiological study based on the Tromsø study: "Fit Futures". Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2016;17:107-13.
  • 29. Oyedele T, Folayan MO, Kolawole KA, Oziegbe EO, Oshomoji OV, Chukwumah NM, et al. Prevalence, and early childhood caries risk indicators in preschool children in suburban Nigeria. BMC oral health 2015;15:1-12.
  • 30. Abdalla HE, Abuaffan AH, Kemoli AM. Molar incisor hypomineralization, prevalence, pattern and distribution in Sudanese children. BMC Oral Health 2021;21:1-8.
  • 31. Saitoh M, Nakamura Y, Hanasaki M, Saitoh I, Murai Y, Kurashige Y, et al. Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization and regional differences throughout Japan. Environ Health Prev Med 2018;23:1-6.
  • 32. Yannam SD, Amarlal D, Rekha CV. Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization in school children aged 8-12 years in Chennai. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2016;34:134-8.
  • 33. Bandeira Lopes L, Machado V, Botelho J, Haubek D. Molarincisor hypomineralization: an umbrella review. Acta Odontol Scand 2021;79:359-69.
  • 34. Nisii F, Mazur M, De Nuccio C, Martucci C, Spuntarelli M, Labozzetta S, et al. Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization among school children in Rome, Italy. Sci Rep 2022;12:7343.
  • 35- Villani FA, Aiuto R, Dioguardi M, Paglia, L, Caruso S. Gatto R, et al. Caries prevalence and molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) in children. Is there an association? A systematic review. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2023;24:312-20.
  • 36. Grošelj M, Jan J. Molar incisor hypomineralisation and dental caries amongchildren in Slovenia. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2013;14:241-5.
  • 37. Verma S, Dhinsa K, Tripathi AM, Saha S, Yadav G, Arora D. Molar incisor hypomineralization: prevalence, associated risk factors, its relation with dental caries and various enamel surface defects in 8-16-year-old schoolchildren of Lucknow District. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15:1-8.
  • 38. Americano GC, Jacobsen PE, Soviero VM, Haubek D. A systematic review on the association between molar incisor hypomineralization and dental caries. Int J Paediatr Dent 2017;27:11-21.
  • 39. Ebel M, Bekes K, Klode C, Hirsch C. The severity and degree of hypomineralisation in teeth and its influence on oral hygiene and caries prevalence in children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2018;28:648-57.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Paedodontics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Bahar Melis Akyıldız 0000-0001-9714-7321

Nazlı Sevilmiş 0000-0002-1015-8229

Rabia Özçiftci 0009-0002-1729-0916

Ayşe Taş 0000-0001-9909-4411

Işıl Şaroğlu Sönmez 0000-0002-3530-0244

Project Number AADÜDHF 2023/02
Publication Date September 29, 2025
Submission Date March 12, 2025
Acceptance Date August 7, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 14 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Akyıldız BM, Sevilmiş N, Özçiftci R, Taş A, Şaroğlu Sönmez I. The Prevalence Of Molar-Incİsor Hypomineralization In Students Aged 8-12 Years In Aydın. ADO Klinik Bilimler Dergisi. 2025;14(3):224-32.