Apoptotic Cell Death and Its Importance in Toxicological Response

Abstract

Backround/Aim: In multicellular organisms, it is necessary to be maintained adequate number of cells in tissues and organs to prevent diseases. The role of apoptosis, which is one of the cell death types, in the sustaining delicate balance in all mammalian tissues is important. Apoptosis is known to be a vital component of various processes such as normal cell cycle, appropriate development and functioning of the immune system, hormone dependent atrophy, embryonic development and chemically induced cell death. Acute and chronic toxicity that are occured by a variety of xenobiotic chemicals, radiation and toxins, can cause neurodegenerative diseases, ischemic damage, autoimmune disorders and many types of cancer, which depend on apoptotic processes. In this review, the role of apoptotic cell death was evaluated in terms of toxicological responses caused by a variety of environmental pollutants and chemicals. Conclusion: Cell death and cell death mechanisms are one of the most important elements to focus in toxicological assessment.

Keywords

• Apoptosis,cell death,toxicology

Apoptotik Hücre Ölümü ve Toksikolojik Yanıtta Önemi

Abstract

Özbilgi/Amaç: Çok hücreli organizmalarda hastalıkların önlenmesi için doku ve organlarda uygun hücre sayısının devam ettirilmesi zorunludur. Hücre sayısındaki denge yeni hücre oluşumu ve sabit bir ölüm hızıyla sağlanır. Tüm memeli dokularında bu hassas dengenin devam ettirilmesinde hücre ölüm tiplerinden biri olan apoptozun rolü büyüktür. Apoptoz, normal hücre döngüsü, bağışıklık sisteminin düzgün gelişimi ve işleyişi, hormona bağımlı atrofi, embriyonik gelişme ve kimyasal kaynaklı hücre ölümü gibi çeşitli işlemlerin hayati bir bileşeni olarak kabul edilir. Çeşitli ksenobiyotik kimyasallar, radyasyon ve toksinlerin neden olduğu akut ve kronik toksisite sonucu oluşan apoptotik sürece bağlı olarak nörodejeneratif hastalıklar, iskemik hasar, otoimmün bozukluklar ve birçok kanser türü meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu derlemede apoptotik hücre ölümünün özellikle çeşitli çevresel kirleticiler ve kimyasalların neden olduğu toksikolojik yanıt açısından rolü değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç: Hücre ölümü ve hücre ölüm mekanizmaları toksikolojik değerlendirmelerde odaklanılması gereken önemli unsurlardan biridir.

Keywords

• Apoptoz,hücre ölümü,toksikoloji

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