The immune system organs in fishes with different feeding behavior and habitats: II. Histological studies on spleen

Abstract

Background/ Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate histological and histochemical differences of the head kidney and the splenic tissue among three fish with different feeding behavior and habitats. Material and Method: As a material, adult fifteen sea basses Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758 and ten zanders Sander lucioperca L., 1758 , and six grass carps Ctenopharyngodon idella Val., 1844 were used. Splenic tissue samples of fishes were fixed in 10 % neutral buffered formalin NBF and Bouin’s solution. The tissue sections were stained using triple, Gordon and Sweet’s silver staining, Verhoeff’s stain, PAS reaction and methyl green pyronin staining methods. Results and Discussion: It was observed that the histological organization spleen was more organized and the white pulp areas of spleen were more pronounced in sea bass, differently from the others. The spleenic pulp structure was more confusing in zander. In the grass carp, the spelenic tissue has erytroid areas and the filled wessels with erythrocyte. Ellipsoid and periellipsoidal lymphoid tissue were also distinguished in spleen of sea bass and zander. Whereas, the splenic tissue ellipsoids were observed, but peri ellipsoid lymphoid tissues were absent in grass carp spleen. It was noted that the centers of melanomacrophages were more regular, restricted, and the content of melanin in the cells was greater in spleen of sea bass. However, the amount of melanin in melanomacrophage center was less in grass carp as compared to others. The macrophages had PAS positive reaction in three fish’s spleenic tissue, and in addition the mast cells were give PAS positive reaction in sea bass. In all three fish, pyroninophilic plasmoblasts and plasma cells were observed in spleenic tissue. Particularly, these cells were accumulated around the melanomacrophage centers and ellipsoids. Research results showed that the sea bass which carnivorous fish have more advanced defense mechanism in spleen than the others. Key words: Dicentrarchus labrax, Sander lucioperca, Ctenopharyngodon idella, head kidney, spleen, histology.

Keywords

• Dicentrarchus labrax,Sander lucioperca,Ctenopharyngodon idella,head kidney,spleen,histology.

Beslenme tipi ve yaşam ortamı farklı olan balıklarda immun sistem organları: II. Dalak üzerinde histolojik çalışmalar

Öz

Özbilgi / Amaç: Yaşam ortamı ve yeme alışkanlığı farklı olan üç balıkta, dalak dokusunun histolojik ve histokimyasal özelliklerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve Metot: Araştırmada materyal olarak; erişkin 15 adet deniz levreği Dicentrarchus labrax L.,1758 , 10 adet sudak Sander lucioperca L.,1758 ve 6 adet ot sazanı Ctenopharyngodon idella Val., 1844 kullanıldı. Balıklardan alınan dalak örnekleri % 10’luk tamponlu nötral formalin NBF ve Bouin tespit solusyonunda tespit edildi. Doku kesitlerine üçlü boyama yöntemi, Gordon ve Sweet’in gümüşleme metodu, Verhoeff’in elastik iplik boyama metodu, PAS reaksiyonu ve methyl green pyronin boyama yöntemleri uygulandı. Bulgular ve Sonuç: Deniz levreğinde dalağın histolojik organizasyonunun diğer balıklara göre daha düzenli olduğu, beyaz pulpa alanlarının daha belirgin olduğu görüldü. Sudak dalağında pulpanın daha karmaşık yapıda olduğu gözlendi. Ot sazanı dalağında diğerlerinden farklı olarak, eritroid alanlar tespit edildi. Damarlarda eritrosit rezervuarı dikkati çekti. Hem deniz levreği hem de sudakta elipsoid ve elipsoid çevresi lenfoid doku ayırt edildi. Ot sazanında ise dalak dokusunda elipsoidler ayırt edildi fakat elipsoid çevresi lenfoid doku gözlenmedi. Melanomakrofaj merkezlerinin levrekte daha düzenli, sınırlandırılmış şekilde olduğu ve hücrelerde melanin içeriğinin fazla olduğu dikkati çekti. Ot sazanında makrofajlardaki melanin miktarının, diğer balıklara göre az olduğu görüldü. Her üç balıkta da makrofajlar, levrekte ise ilaveten mast hücreleri de PAS pozitif reaksiyon gösterdiler. Parenşimde pirorinofilik plazmoblast ve plazma hücreleri tespit edildi. Bu hücrelerin özellikle melanomakrofaj merkezlerinin çevresinde ve elipsoidlerin etrafında yoğunlaştıkları dikkati çekti. Araştırma sonunda, karnivor bir balık olan deniz levreğinin dalağının, savunma mekanizması açısından diğer balıklara göre daha organize yapıda olduğu belirlendi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dicentrarchus labrax,Sander lucioperca,Ctenopharyngodon idella,dalak,histoloji.

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