The Relationship Between the Histological Quality of the Newly Formed Hoof Tissue and the Levels of Trace Elements in Blood Serum and Hoof Tissues During the Recovery Period of Some Hoof Diseases in Dairy Cows

Abstract

Backround: Lameness is considered in most important problems in dairy industry and caused to poor animal welfare and economic loses. White line disease, solea ulcer and heel erosion are common foot diseases among the dairy cows.Aim: The present study aimed to determine the levels of some trace elements in the blood serum and liver and hoof tissues in healthy dairy cows as well as in the blood serum and hoof tissues of those being in the diagnostic and recovery period of sole ulcer, heel erosion and white line diseases. The changes of hoof tissues during healing processe were also evaluated histopathologically. The treatment groups sole ulcer, heel erosion and white line diseases were consisted of 18 Holstein dairy cows. The blood and hoof tissue samples were taken at the beginning of the treatments day 0 and 15th, 30th, and 45th days of the treatments . Meanwhile, blood samples were colleceted before slaughtering procedure, and hoof and liver tissues were collected after slaughtering procedure from the six clinically healthy Holstein dairy cows control group in a slaghterhouse.Result and Conclusion: The mean concentrations of zinc, copper, iron and manganese in the blood serum of healthy animals were 28.1±3.3 µg/dl, 36.6±4.8 µg/dl, 31.8±3.5 µg/dl, and 2.6±0.1 µg/dl, respectively. The levels of these trace elements in the liver were also 205±12 ppm, 27±2 ppm, 541±274 ppm, and 2±1 ppm, respectively. Significant differences in the mean concentrations of zinc, copper, iron and manganese between control animals and treatment groups were found at the beginning day 0 and the 15th, 30th and 45th days of treatments. Furthermore, histopathological evaluations suggested that hoof tissue samples had increased cellularity and decreased keratinization during the treatment period. It was concluded that, the hoof diseases caused significant changes in the levels of trace elements in hoof tissues, and observed high levels of some trace elements would not inevitable indicate the healthy hoof tissue in cows. Besides, although animals are seen as clinically healed, the histological quality of the hoof tissue might be far below the expected levels.

Keywords

• Histopathology,cow,hoof,sole ulcer,white line diseases,heel erosion,trace minerals

Süt Sığırlarında Bazı Tırnak Hastalıklarının İyileşme Sürecinde Kan Serumu ve Tırnak Dokusu İz Element Düzeyleri ile Yeni Oluşan Tırnak Dokusunun Histolojik Kalitesi Arasındaki İlişki

Abstract

Özbilgi: Topallık süt sığırcılığı endüstrisinde en önemli problemler arasında değerlendirilir; hayvan refahında düşmeye ve ekonomik kayıplara yol açar. Beyaz çizgi hastalığı, solea ülseri ve ökçe erozyonu süt sığırlarında sık karşılaşılan ayak hastalıklarındandır.Amaç: Sunulan çalışmada; sağlıklı hayvanların kan serumu, karaciğer dokusu ve tırnağın taban, ökçe ve beyaz çizgi bölgelerinde bulunan bazı iz element düzeyleri ve taban ülseri, ökçe erozyonu ve beyaz çizgi hastalıklarının tanı ve iyileşme süreçlerinde kan serumu ve tırnak dokusu iz element düzeyleri ile bu süreçte tırnak dokusundaki değişimlerin histopatolojik olarak ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Tedavi gruplarını taban ülseri, ökçe erozyonu ve beyaz çizgi hastalığı oluşturan, toplam 18 baş Holstein ırkı sığırdan, tedavi öncesinde 0. gün ve tedavi sürecinde 15, 30 ve 45. günler kan ve lezyonlu bölgeden tırnak örnekleri, aynı zamanda kontrol grubunu oluşturmak amacı ile de mezbahada kesilen 6 baş sağlıklı Holstein ırkı sığırdan kesim öncesi kan, kesim sonrası tırnak ve karaciğer doku örnekleri alınmıştır.Bulgular ve Sonuç: Sağlıklı sığırlarda serum çinko 28,1±3,3 µg/dl, bakır 36,6±4,8 µg/dl, demir 31,8±3,5 µg/dl, manganez 2,6±0,1 µg/dl olarak; karaciğer çinko 205±12 ppm, bakır 27±2 ppm, demir 541±274 ppm, manganez 2±1 ppm olarak belirlenmiştir. Hastalık grupları kan ve tırnak dokusu çinko, bakır, demir ve manganezin 0, 15, 30 ve 45. gün düzeyleri ile kontrol grubu düzeyleri arasında istatistiki olarak önemli değişimler saptanmıştır. Histopatolojik değerlendirmelerde tırnak dokusundan alınan örneklerde iyileşme sürecine paralel olarak selüleritenin arttığı, keratinizasyonun ise azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, sığırlarda ayak hastalıklarına ilgili olarak tırnak dokusu iz element düzeylerinde önemli değişimler meydana geldiği, bazı iz element düzeylerinin yüksek bulunmasının tırnak dokusunun sağlıklı olduğuna işaret etmediği, klinik olarak iyileştiğine karar verilen tırnakların henüz yeterli histolojik kaliteye ulaşmadığı kanısına varılmıştır.

Keywords

• Histopatoloji,sığır,tırnak,solea ülseri,beyaz çizgi hastalığı,ökçe erozyonu,iz elementler.

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