Generalize ve lokal alopesili köpeklerde melatonin implantı tedavisi

Abstract

Özbilgi/Amaç: Kıl kaybı alopesi , hayvanın hayatı boyunca herhangi bir dönemde var olabilen kompleks bir fenomendir. Alopesi, hayvanlarda sık görülmekle birlikte yıldırıcı bir bozukluktur. Bakteriyal, fungal, parazitik enfeksiyonlar, alerji/atopi, endokrin bozuklukları/hastalıkları ve kongenital/genetik bozuklukların tamamı gibi kıl büyümesine etki eden durumlar, alopesi oluşumuna neden olabilmektedir. Melatonin’in antioksidan etkisi göz önüne alındığında, muhtemelen deri biyolojisinde rol oynayabilir. Elde edilen bulgular melatoninin kıl büyümesini stimule ettiğini göstermekte ve çeşitli araştırmalar anılan hormonun köpeklerde alopesiye karşı kullanılmasını önermekteyken, topikal veya subkutanöz kullanımına ilişkin çalışmalar eksiktir. Anılan nedenlerden ötürü bu çalışmanın amacı farklı etiyolojik nedenlere bağlı alopesi mevcut köpeklerde sağaltım amacıyla subkutanöz uygulanan yavaş salınımlı melatonin implantının retrospektif sonuçlarını bildirmekti. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma 2 ana gruba ayrılan köpeklerde gerçekleştirildi: grup I’de göğüste mevsimsel alopesi, demodikozis ya da atopik dermatitis’e bağlı generalize alopesi saptanan 5 köpek mevcuttu. Grup II’deki 3 köpekte ise lokal alopesi sarkoptik uyuza bağlı bulunmaktaydı. Tanı amaca uygun testler kullanılarak konuldu. Sonrasında tüm köpeklere, ortak klinik bulgu olan alopesinin sağaltımı amacıyla subkutanöz melatonin implantı uygulandı. Melatonin implantını takiben meydana gelen klinik iyileşme kılların tekrar büyümesi ve yeni şekillenen kılların klinik skorlaması baz alınarak yapıldı. Bulgular ve Sonuç: Grup I’deki 5 köpekten 4’ünde belirgin bir şekilde tam kıl büyümesi 6.-9. haftalar arasında gerçekleşti. Sağaltım öncesi 5 köpeğin alopesik klinik skorlaması 1 iken, sağaltım sonrası 10. hafta ise 5 köpeğin 4’ünde tam kıl büyümesi sebebiyle 3 olarak belirlendi. Sarkoptik uyuzlu köpeklerin oluşturduğu diğer grupta ise 10. haftadaki alopesik klinik skor kısmi ya da tam kıl büyümesinden dolayı 2 ya da 3 idi. Subkutaöz melatonin sağaltımı sonucu kıl büyümesinin klinik iyileşmeyi gösterdiği gibi bu yöntem pratik olarak mümkün olabilmektedir. Uygulama sırasında herhangi bir yan etki saptanmadı. Farklı etiyolojiye sahip alopesili köpeklerde, melatonin implantının güvenle kullanılabileceği söylenebilinir.

Keywords

• Melatonin,implant,alopesi,köpek

Melatonin Implant for Treatment of Generalized and Localized Alopecia in Dogs

Öz

Background/Aim: Hair loss alopecia is a complex phenomenon, that may be exist during the lifetime of the animal. Alopecia is a common, on the other hand frustrating disorder in companion animals. Bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections, allergy/atopy, endocrine disease/imbalances and congenital/genetic disorders of hair growth all might contribute to occurence of alopecia. Given the antioxidant effects for melatonin, it might probably has a role within the skin biology. Available evidence suggested that melatonin is capable of modulating hair growth and several researches indicated its usage against alopecia for dogs, whereas detailed studies regarding its topical or subcutaneous usage are lacking. Therefore the purpose of the present study was to report the retrospective results of subcutaneous slow release melatonin implant for treatment of alopecia due to different etiologies among dogs. Material, Methods: In a susbset of two major groups of dogs were studied: group I consisted of 5 dogs presented with generalized alopecia; consisting seasonal flank alopecia, demodicosis and atopic dermatitis. Group II consisted of 3 dogs presenting local alopecia sarcoptic mange . Diagnosis was based on relevant tests for all dogs. Afterwards all dogs underwent subcutaneous melatonin implant for treatment of common clinical sign, alopecia. Clinical recovery following melatonin impant was deemed on hair re-growth and quality of new hair, by clinical scoring. Results/Conclusion: Complete hair growth was evident in 4 out of 5 dogs involved in group I in 6 to 9 weeks. Prior to treatment all 5 dogs presented alopecic clinical scores as 1, where as after melatonin treatment on week 10 4 dogs were annotated as score 3, because of complete hair growth. In other group involving dogs with Sarcoptic mange week 10 scores presented as score 2 or 3, because of partial to complete hair growth. Clinical recovery as deemed by hair regrowth caused by subcutaneous treatment might be practically available. During applications no adverse effect was noticed. It may be suggested that melatonin implant may be safely used in dogs with alopecia due to different etiologies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Melatonin,implant,alopecia,dog

References

1. Allain D and Rougeot J (1980). Induction of autumn moult in mink (Mustela vison Peale and Beauvois) with melatonin. Reproduction Nutrition Développement, 20(1A), 197-201.
2. Argo CM, Cox JE and Gray JL (1991). Efect of oral melatonin treatment on the seasonal physiology of pony stallions. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility Supplement, 44, 115–125.
3. Bartsch C, Bartsch H and Karasek M (2002). Melatonin in clinical oncology. Neuroendocrinology Letters, 23 (1), 30–38.
4. Carlberg C (2000). Gene regulation by melatonin. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 917, 387–396.
5. Cerundolo R (1999). Symmetrical Alopecia in the Dog. In Practice, 21 (7), 350-359.
6. Chemineau P, Beltran de Heredia I, Daveau A and Bodin L (1996). High repeatability of the amplitude and duration of the nycthemeral rhythm of the plasma melatonin concentration in the Ile-de-France ewe. Journal of pineal research, 21 (1), 1-6.
7. Değer TB and Ural K (2013). Comparable efficacy of topical eprinomectin and permethrin for treatment of sarcoptic mange in dogs. Veterinarski Arhiv, 83 (4), 393-402.
8. Dubocovich ML, Rivera-Bermudez MA, Gerdin MJ and Masana MI (2003). Molecular pharmacology, regulation and function of mammalian melatonin receptors. Frontiers in Bioscience, 8, 1093– 1108.

9. Favrot C, Steffan J, Seewald W and Picco F (2010). A prospective study on the clinical features of chronic canine atopic dermatitis and its diagnosis.Veterinary Dermatology, 21 (1), 23-31.
10. Ferrer L (1998). Follicular dysplasias. In: 4th European Federation of European Companion Animal Veterinary Associations, Società Culturale Italiana Veterinari per Animali da Compagnia Congress: conference proceedings of the 4th European FECAVA SCI- VAC Congress, 18-21 June 1998, Bologna, Italy.
11. Fischer TW and Elsner P (2001). The antioxidative potential of melatonin in the skin. Current Problems in Dermatology, 29, 165–174.
12. Fischer TW, Sweatman TW, Semak I, Sayre RM, Wortsman J and Slominski A (2006). Constitutive and UV-induced metabolism of melatonin in keratinocytes and cell-free systems. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 20(9), 1564-1566.
13. Fischer TW, Wigger-Alberti W and Elsner P (1999). Melatonin in dermatology. Experimental and clinical aspects. Hautarzt, 50 (1), 5-11.
14. Frank LA, Hnilica KA and Oliver JW (2014). Adrenal steroid hormone concentrations in dogs with hair cycle arrest (Alopecia X) before and during treatment with melatonin and mitotane. Veterinary Dermatology, 15 (5), 278-284.
15. Houssay AB, Pazo JH and Eppers LE (1966). Effect of the pineal gland upon the hair cycle in mice. Acta Physiol Lat Amer, 16, 207-220.
16. Kennaway DJ, Gilmore TA and Seamark RF (1982). Effect of Melatonin Feeding on Serum Prolactin and Gonadotropin Levels and the Onset of Seasonal Estrous Cyclicity in Sheep. Endocrinology, 110(5), 1766-1772.
17. Kilańczyk E and Bryszewska M (2003). The effect of melatonin on antioxidant enzymes in human diabetic skin fibroblasts. Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, 8 (2), 333-336.
18. Lerner AB, Case J and Takahashi Y (1958). Isolation Of Melatonin, The Pineal Gland Factor That Lightens Melanocytes. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 80, 2587.
19. Lerner AB, Case JD and Takahashi Y (1960). Isolation of melatonin and 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid from bovine pineal glands. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 235, 1992–1997.
20. Maestroni GJM, Conti A and Pierpaoli W (1988). The immune regulatory role of melatonin. In: Gupta D, attanasio A, Reiter RJ, eds. The pineal gland and cancer. Brain Research Promotion, Tubingen, pp. 33-143.
21. Maharaj DS, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Glass BD, Antunes EM, Lack B, Walker RB and Daya S (2002). The identification of the UV degradants of melatonin and their ability to scavenge free radicals. Journal of Pineal Research, 32, 257–261.
22. Novak MA and MeyerJS (2009). Alopecia: Possible Causes and Treatments, Particularly in Captive Nonhuman Primates Comp Med, 59 (1), 18–26.
23. Oliver JW (2007). Steroid profiles in the diagnosis of canine adrenal disorders. In Proc 25th Ann Vet Med Forum, pp. 471-473.
24. Allain D and Rougeot J (1980). Induction of autumn moult in mink (Mustela vison Peale and Beauvois) with melatonin. Reproduction Nutrition Développement, 20(1A), 197-201.
25. Argo CM, Cox JE and Gray JL (1991). Efect of oral melatonin treatment on the seasonal physiology of pony stallions. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility Supplement, 44, 115–125.
26. Bartsch C, Bartsch H and Karasek M (2002). Melatonin in clinical oncology. Neuroendocrinology Letters, 23 (1), 30–38.
27. Carlberg C (2000). Gene regulation by melatonin. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 917, 387–396.
28. Cerundolo R (1999). Symmetrical Alopecia in the Dog. In Practice, 21 (7), 350-359.
29. Chemineau P, Beltran de Heredia I, Daveau A and Bodin L (1996). High repeatability of the amplitude and duration of the nycthemeral rhythm of the plasma melatonin concentration in the Ile-de-France ewe. Journal of pineal research, 21 (1), 1-6.
30. Değer TB and Ural K (2013). Comparable efficacy of topical eprinomectin and permethrin for treatment of sarcoptic mange in dogs. Veterinarski Arhiv, 83 (4), 393-402.
31. Dubocovich ML, Rivera-Bermudez MA, Gerdin MJ and Masana MI (2003). Molecular pharmacology, regulation and function of mammalian melatonin receptors. Frontiers in Bioscience, 8, 1093– 1108.
32. Favrot C, Steffan J, Seewald W and Picco F (2010). A prospective study on the clinical features of chronic canine atopic dermatitis and its diagnosis.Veterinary Dermatology, 21 (1), 23-31.
33. Ferrer L (1998). Follicular dysplasias. In: 4th European Federation of European Companion Animal Veterinary Associations, Società Culturale Italiana Veterinari per Animali da Compagnia Congress: conference proceedings of the 4th European FECAVA SCI- VAC Congress, 18-21 June 1998, Bologna, Italy.
34. Fischer TW and Elsner P (2001). The antioxidative potential of melatonin in the skin. Current Problems in Dermatology, 29, 165–174.
35. Fischer TW, Sweatman TW, Semak I, Sayre RM, Wortsman J and Slominski A (2006). Constitutive and UV-induced metabolism of melatonin in keratinocytes and cell-free systems. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 20(9), 1564-1566.
36. Fischer TW, Wigger-Alberti W and Elsner P (1999). Melatonin in dermatology. Experimental and clinical aspects. Hautarzt, 50 (1), 5-11.
37. Frank LA, Hnilica KA and Oliver JW (2014). Adrenal steroid hormone concentrations in dogs with hair cycle arrest (Alopecia X) before and during treatment with melatonin and mitotane. Veterinary Dermatology, 15 (5), 278-284.
38. Houssay AB, Pazo JH and Eppers LE (1966). Effect of the pineal gland upon the hair cycle in mice. Acta Physiol Lat Amer, 16, 207-220.
39. Kennaway DJ, Gilmore TA and Seamark RF (1982). Effect of Melatonin Feeding on Serum Prolactin and Gonadotropin Levels and the Onset of Seasonal Estrous Cyclicity in Sheep. Endocrinology, 110(5), 1766-1772.
40. Kilańczyk E and Bryszewska M (2003). The effect of melatonin on antioxidant enzymes in human diabetic skin fibroblasts. Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, 8 (2), 333-336.
41. Lerner AB, Case J and Takahashi Y (1958). Isolation Of Melatonin, The Pineal Gland Factor That Lightens Melanocytes. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 80, 2587.
42. Lerner AB, Case JD and Takahashi Y (1960). Isolation of melatonin and 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid from bovine pineal glands. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 235, 1992–1997.
43. Maestroni GJM, Conti A and Pierpaoli W (1988). The immune regulatory role of melatonin. In: Gupta D, attanasio A, Reiter RJ, eds. The pineal gland and cancer. Brain Research Promotion, Tubingen, pp. 33-143.
44. Maharaj DS, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Glass BD, Antunes EM, Lack B, Walker RB and Daya S (2002). The identification of the UV degradants of melatonin and their ability to scavenge free radicals. Journal of Pineal Research, 32, 257–261.
45. Novak MA and MeyerJS (2009). Alopecia: Possible Causes and Treatments, Particularly in Captive Nonhuman Primates Comp Med, 59 (1), 18–26.
46. Oliver JW (2007). Steroid profiles in the diagnosis of canine adrenal disorders. In Proc 25th Ann Vet Med Forum, pp. 471-473.
47. Olivry T (2010). International Task Force of Canine Atopic Dermatitis. New diagnostic criteria for canine atopic dermatitis. Veterinary Dermatology, 21 (1), 123-126.
48. Paradis M (1996). Melatonin therapy in canine pattern baldness. Proceedings of the Third World Congress of Veterinary Dermatology. Edinbourgh, Scotland, 1996, pp. 53.
49. Paradis M (2000). Melatonin therapy for canine alopecia. In: Bonagura JD ed. Kirk’s Current Veterinary Therapy XIII. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2000: 546–549.
50. Pawlikowski M, Kolomecka M, Wojtczak A and Karasek M (2002). Effects of six months melatonin treatment on sleep quality and serum concentrations of estradiol, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and somatomedin C in elderly women. Neuro Endocrinology Letters, 23, 17-19.
51. Pin D, Bensignor E, Carlotti DN and Cadiergues MC (2006). Localised sarcoptic mange in dogs: a retrospective study of 10 cases. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 47 (10), 611–614.
52. Rachid MA, Demaula CD, Scott DW, Miller WH, Senter DA and Myers S (2003). Concurrent Follicular Dysplasia and Interface Dermatitis in Boxer Dogs. Veterinary Dermatology, 14 (3), 159-166.
53. Reiter RJ (2003). Melatonin: clinical relevance. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 17, 273–285.
54. Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Manchester LC and El Sawi MR (2002). Melatonin reduces oxidant damage and promotes mitochondrial respiration: implications for aging. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 959, 238–250.
55. Rodriguez C, Mayo JC, Sainz RM, Antolín I, Herrera F, Martín V and Reiter RJ (2004). Regulation of antioxidant enzymes: a significant role for melatonin. Journal of Pineal Research, 36, 1–9.
56. Rosenbaum M (2001). Focal, non-inflammatory alopecia: A diagnostic, treatment challenge. http://veterinarynews.dvm360.com/focal- non-inflammatory-alopecia-diagnostic-treatment-challengeErişim tarihi: 30.06.2015.
57. Scott DW, Miller WH, Griffin CE (1995). Acquired alopecia. In: Scott DW, Miller WH, Griffin CE, eds: Muller & Kirk’s Small Animal Dermatology, 5th ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1995, pp 727-729.
58. Slominski A, Pisarchik A and Wortsman J (2004). Expression of genes coding melatonin and serotonin receptors in rodent skin. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1680, 67–70.
59. Slominski A, Wortsman J and Tobin DJ (2005a). Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 19, 176–194.
60. Slominski A, Wortsman J, Plonka PM, Schallreuter KU, Paus R and Tobin DJ (2005b). Hair follicle pigmentation. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 124, 13–21.
61. Tan DX, Reiter RJ, Manchester LC, Yan MT, El-Sawi M, Sainz RM, Mayo JC, Kohen R, Allegra M and Hardeland R (2002). Chemical and physical properties and potential mechanisms: melatonin as a broad spectrum antioxidant and free radical scavenger. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 2, 181–197.
62. Thompson G (2014). Unexplained hair loss can be a challenging issue. http://www.toledoblade.com/Dr-Gary-Thompson/2014/12/21/ U n e x p l a i n e d - h a i r- l o s s - c a n - b e - a - c h a l l e n g i n g - i s s u e . html#D91AEIVUHwwXCcSd.99 Erişim tarihi: 30.06.2015.
63. Ural K (2014). Köpeklerde Paraziter Dermatozlar; Veteriner İç Hastalıklarında Olgulardan Edindiğimiz Dersler, (Ed): Kerem URAL. Uzerler Matbaası, 15.12.2014, Ankara.
64. Wiesenberg I, Missbach M and Carlberg C (1998). The potential role of the transcription factor RZR/ROR as a mediator of nuclear melatonin signaling. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 12, 143–150.
65. Yu HS and Reiter RJ (1993). Melatonin biosynthesis, physiological effects, and clinical implications. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.