Isolation of Microorganisms from Goats with Subclinical Mastitis and Detection of Antibiotics Susceptibility

Abstract

In this study, microorganisms were isolated and identified to 102 67.1% samples from to 152 hair goat’s milk. There was not obtained any bacterial isolation from the remaining 50 32.9% samples. Our of identified 102 samples were identified respectively; S. aureus from 71 69.6% samples, S. epidermidis from 8 7.8% samples, S. intermedius from 5 4.9% samples, S. hyicus from 6 5.9% samples, Corynebacterium sp. from 3 2.9% samples, Klebsiella pneumoniae from 4 3.9% samples, Pseudomonas sp. from 2 2.0% samples, E. coli from 2 2.0% samples and Mannheimia haemolytica from 1 1.0% sample. As a result of antibiotic susceptibility tests, S. aureus isolates were found susceptible to Amoxycillin- Clavulanic Acid in the ratio of 100%, susceptible to Penicilin in the ratio of 100%, resistant to Kanamycin and Oxacillin ratio of 90%. The other Staphylocci isolates were found susceptible to Amoxycillin- Clavulanic Acid in the ratio of 100%, resistant to Penicilin ratio of 100%. Other identified isolates Corynebacterium sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas sp., E. coli and Mannheimia haemolytica were found susceptible to Ampicillin in the ratio of 100%, susceptible to Amoxycillin- Clavulanic Acid in the ratio of 90%, resistant to Penicilin and Kanamycin in the ratio of 100%.

Keywords

• Goat,Mastitis,Microorganism,Isolation,Identification

Subklinik Mastitisli Keçilerden Mikroorganizmaların İzolasyonu ve Antibiyotiklere Duyarlılıklarının Araştırılması

Abstract

Araştırmada 152 adet kıl keçisi süt örneğinin 102 %67.1 ’sinden bakteri izolasyon ve identifikasyonu yapılmıştır. Geriye kalan 50 %32.9 örnekte ise bakteriyel üreme görülmemiştir. İdentifikasyon yapılan 102 örneğin, 71 %69.6 ’inden S. aureus, 8 %7.8 ’inden S. epidermidis, 5 %4.9 ’inden S. intermedius, 6 %.5.9 ’sından S. hyicus, 3 %2.9 ’ünden Corynebacterium sp., 4 % 3.9 ’ünden Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 %2.0 ’sinden Pseudomonas sp., 2 % 2.0 ’sinden E. coli ve 1 %1.0 ’inden Mannheimia haemolytica identifiye edilmiştir. Araştırmada identifiye edilen suşlara yapılan antibiyogram testleri sonucunda S. aureus izolatlarının Amoksisilin-Klavulanik Asit’e %100 duyarlı, Penisilin’e % 100, Kanamisin ve Oksasilin’e ise %90 oranlarında dirençli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Diğer izole edilen Stafilokok suşlarının da Amoxicillin- Clavulanic Acid’e %100, duyarlı, Penisilin’e %100 oranında dirençli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İdentifiye edilen Corynebacterium sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas sp., E. coli ve Mannheimia haemolytica suşlarının antibiyogram testleri sonucunda Ampisilin’e % 100 ve Amoksisilin-Klavulanik Asit’e %90 oranlarında duyarlı; Penisilin ve Kanamisin’e %100 oranında dirençli oldukları tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• Keçi,Mastitis,Mikroorganizma,İzolasyon,İdentifikasyon

References

1. Bachmann HP and Spahr U (1995). The Fate of Potentially Pathogenic Bacteria in Swiss Hard and Semihard Cheeses Made from Raw Milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 78, 476–483.
2. Baştan A (2002). İneklerde Meme Hastalıkları ve Mastitis. Hatipoğlu Basımevi, Ankara, S: 33, 83.
3. Bauer AU, Kirby, J.C and Sherris MT (1966). Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing by A Standardized Single Disc Method. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45, 493-494.
4. Bedidi-Madani N, Greenland T and Richard Y (1998). Exoprotein and Slime Production by Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Goats’ Milk. Veterinary Microbiology, 59, 139–145.
5. Bergonier D, Cremoux R, Rupp R, Lagriffoul G and Berthelot X (2003). Mastitis of Dairy Small Ruminants. Veterinary Research, 34, 689– 716.
6. Blowey R and Edmondson (2001). Environmental Mastitis Identification Livestock Knowledge Transfer. Science :21, 2.
7. Bochev I and Russenova N (2005). Resistance of Staphylococcus spp. Strains Isolated from Goats with Subclinical Mastitis. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 8, 109-118.
8. Brito JRF and Brito MAVP (1998). Programas De Controle Das Mastites Causadas Por Microrganismos Contagiosos E Do Ambiente. Juiz De Fora, Embrapa CNPGL, pp 25.

9. Burriel AR (1997.) Dynamics of Intramammary Infection in the Sheep Caused by Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci and its Influence on Udder Tissue and Milk Composition. Veterinary Record, 140, 419– 423.
10. Castro MV, Langenegger MCEH and Langenegger, J (1992). OcorrˆEncia E Caracterização De Estafilococos Coagulase Negativos Em Leite De Cabras No Estado Do Rio De Janeiro. Seminars, 13, 15–17.
11. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2007). The 2007 CLSI Standard for Susceptibility Testing. American National Standards Intstitute, United States of America.
12. Contreras A, Corrales JC, Sa`Nchez A and Sierra D (1997). Persistence of Caprine İntramammary Pathogens Throughout Lactation. Journal of Dairy Science, 80, 2815–2819.
13. Contreras A, Corrales JC, Sierra D and Marco J (1995). Prevalence and Aetiology of Non-Clinical Intramammary Infection in Murciano- Granadina Goats. Small Ruminant Research, 17, 71–78.
14. Contreras A, Paape MJ and Miller RH (1999). Prevalence of Subclinical Intramammary Infection Caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis in a Commercial Dairy Goat Herd. Small Ruminant Research, 31, 203–208.
15. De La Cruz M, Serrano E, Montoro V, Marco J, Romeo M, Baselga R, Albizu I and Amorena B (1994). Etiology and Prevalence of Subclinical Mastitis in the Manchega Sheep at Mid-Late Lactation. Small Ruminant Research, 14, 175–180.
16. Deinhofer M and Pernthaner A (1995). Staphylococcus spp. as Mastitis- Related Pathogens in Goat Milk. Veterinary Microbiology, 43, 161– 166.
17. Devriese LA, Laevens H, Haesebrovek F and Hommez J (1994). A Simple Identification Scheme for Coagulase Negative Staphylococci from Bovine Mastitis. Research in Veterinary Science, 57, 240-244.
18. East NE, Birnie EF and Farver TB (1987). Risk Factors Associated with Mastitis in Dairy Goats. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 48, 776–779.
19. Erganiş O and Kuyucuoğlu Y (1995). İnek ve Koyun Mastitislerine Sebep Olan Koaguloz Negatif ve Koagulaz Pozitif Stafikokların Biyotiplendirilmesi. Veterinarium, 6 (1-2), 23-27.
20. Fthenakis GC (1994). Prevalence and Etiology of Subclinical Mastitis in Ewes of Southern Greece. Small Ruminant Research, 13, 293-300.
21. Fuertes JA, Gonzalo C, Carriedo JA and San Primitivo F (1998). Parameters of Test Day Milk Yield and Milk Components for Dairy Ewes. Journal of Dairy Science, 81, 1300-1307.
22. Gillespie PE and Oliver SP (2005). Simultaneous Detection of Mastitis Pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus agalactiae by Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Journal of Dairy Science, 88, 3510-3518.
23. Gonzalo C, Ariznabarreta A, Carriedo JA and San Primitivo F (2002). Mammary Pathogens and their Relationship to Somatic Cell Count and Milk Yield Losses in Dairy Ewes. Journal of Dairy Science, 85, 1460–1467.
24. Gönç S (1977). Süt Yağı Asidlerinin Beyaz Alman Keçilerinde Laktasyon Süresince Değişimi ve Yağ Asidlerine Bireylerin Etkileri Üzerine Araştırmalar. Ege Ü.Z.F. Doçentlik Tezi, 219 sayfa.
25. Gülcü HB and Öngör H (2002). Elazığ İlinde Mezbahada Kesilen Koyun ve Keçilerde Meme Loblarının Mastitis Yönünden Bakteriyolojik İncelenmesi. Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 18, 67-69.
26. Gündeş G, Karadenizli A and Willk A (2000). Hastane İnfeksiyonu Etkeni Olarak İzole Edilen Staphylococcus aureus Suşlarında Çoğul Antibiyotik Direncinin Değerlendirilmesi. İnfeksiyon Dergisi, 15, 303-306.
27. Gür D, Özalp M and Sümerkan B (1998). Prevalance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Respiratory Tract Pathogens from Five Centers in Turkey. 8th International Congress of Infectious Diseases, Boston, Abst. No. 82011.
28. Holt JG, Kreig NR, Sneath PHA, Staley JT and Williams ST (1994). Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Ed. By WR. Hensley, 194-196, 281-284, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, USA.
29. Jawetz E, Melnick JL and Adelberg EA (1987). Rewiew of Medical Microbiology. 7th Ed., California, Appleton & Lange, 217-223.
30. Kalogridou-Vassiliadou D (1991). Mastitis-Related Pathogens in Goat Milk. Small Ruminant Research, 4, 203–212.
31. Kaya O, Erganiş O and Kuyucuoğlu Y (1993). Cow Mastitis, Caused by Microorganisms and their Susceptibities to Antibiotics. Türk Veteriner Hekimleri Birliği Dergisi, 5, 49-50.
32. Kaymakçı M, Elçin A, Tuncel E, Pekel E, Karaca O, Işın F, Taşkın T, Aşkın Y, Emsen H, Özder M, Selçuk E and Sönmez R (2000). Türkiye’deki Küçükbaş Hayvan Yetiştiriciliği. 5. Ziraat Mühendisleri Odası Teknik Kongresi Bildirisi, 17-21 Ocak, Ankara.
33. Koneman EW, Allen SD, Janda WM, Schreckenberger PC and Winn WC (1997). Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. Lippincott, New York, Fifth Edition, pp: 104.
34. Kurt H, Tural D, Tekeli E and Onul M (1992). Stafilokokların Antibiyotiklere İnvitro Duyarlılığı. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 45, 541-548.
35. Kuyucuoğlu Y and Uçar M (2001). Afyon Bölgesi Süt Ineklerinde Subklinik ve Klinik Mastitislerin Görülme Oranları ve Etkili Antibiyotiklerin Tespiti. Veteriner Hekimleri Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 1, 19-24.
36. Lassen J (1975). Rapid Identification of Gram-Negative Rods Using a Three-Tube Method Combined with A Dichotomic Key. Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica, 33, 525-533.
37. Lerondelle C and Poutrel B (1984). Characteristics of Non-Clinical Mammary Infections of Goats. Annales de Recherches Veteniaires, 15, 105-112.
38. Lima Jşnior AD, Nader Filho A and Vianni MCE (1993). Susceptibilidade “In Vitro” Dos Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus Coagulase Negativos, Isolados Em Casos De Mastite Caprina, À Ação De Antibióticos E Quimioterápicos. The Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (Brazilian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science), 45, 291–296.
39. Maisi P, Juntilla J and Seppanen J (1987). Detection of Subclinical Mastitis in Ewes. British Veterinary Journal, 143, 402–409.
40. Menzies PI and Ramanoon SZ (2001). Mastitis of Sheep and Goats. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 17, 333–358.
41. Moroni P, Pisoni G, Antonini M, Ruffo G, Carli S, Varisco G and Boettcher P (2005). Subclinical Mastitis and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus caprae and Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolated from Two Italian Goat Herds. Journal of Dairy Science, 88, 1694- 1704.
42. Poutrel B (1984). Udder Infection of Goats by Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci. Veterinary Microbiology, 9, 131–137.
43. Poutrel B, De Crémoux R, Ducelliez M and Verneau D (1997). Control of Intramammary infections in Goats: Impact on Somatic Cell Count. Journal of Animal Science, 75, 566–570.
44. Poutrel B and Lerondelle C (1984). Cell Content of Goat Milk: California Mastitis Test, Coulter Counter and Fossomatic for Predicting Half İnfection. Journal of Dairy Science, 66, 2575–2579.
45. Qoronfleh W and Wilkinson BJ (1986). Effects of Growth of Methicilin Resistant and Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in the Presence of Beta Lactams on Peptidoglycan Structure and Susceptibilty to Lytic Enzymes. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 29, 250-257.
46. Salama AA, Such X, Caja G, Casals R, Albanell E, Marin MP and Marti A (2003). Effects of Once Versus Twice Daily Milking Througout Lactation on Milk Yield and Milk Composition in Dairy Goats. J Dairy Res, 86, 1673-1680.
47. Shearer JK and Harris BJr (2003). Mastitis and Dairy Goats. DS 85 Published by University of Florida .
48. Tao C (1983). The Dairy Goat, Port of a Solution. Dairy Goat Journal 61, 358.
49. Töreci K, Gürler N and Çalangu S (1985). Methicillin-Resistance in Staphlococcus aureus strains İsolated in İstanbul. Ankem Dergisi, 2, 265.
50. Ulusoy S, Çetin B and Arda B (1995). Metisiline Dirençli Staphylococcus aureus Kökenlerinin Antibiyotik Direnci. İnfeksiyon Dergisi, 9, 7-10.
51. Voss A, Mılatovıc D and Wallrauch-Schwarz C (1994). Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Europe. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 13, 50-55.
52. Yalçın BC (1986). Sheep and Goats in Turkey. FAO Animal Production on Health, FAO,pp 60.