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Effect of Spirulina platensis on Growth Performance and Immun System of Animals

Year 2013, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 240 - 244, 01.06.2013

Abstract

Background/Aim: Growth, development, and maintain of the physiological tasks have the most important role in nutrition. Therefore, nutrition is necessary for maintain of life for both human and animals. The recent studies focused on natural products that ensure the quality of fodder in animal husbandry, get the more healthy animals and improve the quality and quantity of animal products. The studies about these products has gained importance whether or not side effect on human health. Also, using these products are important for the strengthening of the immune system. Probiotics, prebiotics and herbs and plant extracts can be regarded in these natural products. The freshwater algae, Spirulina platensis, is an important source of protein which became the focus of todays due to its proteins, vitamins and minerals content. This review includes S. platensis effects on growth performances and immune effects on animals and research results in the recent years.Material and Method: S.platensis was discovered as a food source by mankind for centuries ago and grown in many parts of the world. The positive effects of health and treatment for various diseases of S.platensis has been proven by scientific circles. Results and Conclusion: The difference results were shown in researches related to S. platensis. These researchers reported that differences were due to S.platensis unknown effect on performance and immunity. So, it’s necessary to intensify the studies in this area.

References

  • Abdulqader G, Barsanti L, Tredici M (2000). Harvest of Arthrospira pla- tensis from Lake Kossorom (Chad) and its household usage among the Kanembu. Journal of Applied Phycology. 12, 493-498.
  • Araşjo KGL, Facchınettı AD and Santos CP (2003). Influence of intake of Spirulina biomass on body weight and feed intake in rats. Sci. Technol. Food, 23 (1), 6-9.
  • Armstrong DG (1986). Gut-active growth promoters, control and mani- pulation of animal growth. Editor: Buttery PJ, LIndsay D and Haynes NB. Butterworths, London, pp 21-37.
  • Babadzhanov AS, Abdusamatova N, Yusupova FM, Faizullaeva N, Mezh- lumyan LG and Malikovam KH (2004). Chemical Composition of Spirulina Platensis Cultivated in Uzbekistan. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 40, 3.
  • Belay A, Toshimitsu K ve Yoshimichi O (1996). Spirulina ( Artospira ): Potential application as an animal feed supplement. Journal of App- lied Phycology, 8, 303-311.
  • Belay A (1997). Mass culture of Spirulina (Arthrospira) outdoors – The Earthrise Farms Experience. Editor: Vonshak A, Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira), Physiology, Cell-Biology and Biotechnology, Taylor&F- rancis group, London, page 131-158.
  • Baojiang G (1994). Study on effect and mechanism of polysaccharides of Spirulina platensis on body immune functions improvement. Book of Abstracts, Second Asia Pacific Conference on Algal Biote- chnology, page 24.
  • Cheng-Wu Z, Chao-Tsi T and Zhen ZTY (1994). The effects of polysac- charide and phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis on peripheral blood and hematopoietic system of bone marrow in mice. National University of Singapore, page 58.
  • Ciferi O (1983). Spirulina, the edible microorganism. Microbiology Re- views, 47, 551-578.
  • Cohen Z (1997). The chemicals of Spirulina. Editor: Vonshak A, Spiru- lina platensis (Arthrospira), Physiology, cell-biology and biotechno- logy, Taylor&Francis group, London, page 175 – 204.
  • Derkenbaşı S, Ünal H, Karayücel I and Aral O (2010). Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Different Rates of Spirulina ( Spirulina platen- sis) on Growth and Feed Conversion in Guppy ( Poecilia reticulara Peters, 1860). Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9 (9), 1395-1399.
  • Diaz Del Castillo, B (1928). The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico, 1517–1521. London: Routledge, p. 300.
  • Erdoğan Z (1999). Yem katkı maddesi olan Probiyotikler. Vet. Bil. Derg., 15 (2), 151-155.
  • Gümüş R ve İmik H (2012). Saponinlerin Hayvan Beslemede Yem Katkı Maddesi Olarak Kullanımı. Atatürk Üniversitesi Vet. Bil. Derg. , 7 (3), 221-229.
  • Grinstead GS, Tokach MD, Dritz SS, Goodband RD and Nelssen JL (2000). Effects of Spirulina platensis on growth performance of we- anling pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 83, 237–247.
  • Hamad AA, Saud IA, Ali A and Qureshi MA (2001). Enhancement of Chicken Macrophage Phogocytic Function and Nitrite Production by Dietary Spirulina platensis. Immunopharmacology and Immuno- toxicology, 23 (2): 281-289.
  • Hayashi O, Katoh T and Okuwakı Y (1994). Enhancement of antibody production in mice by dietary Spirulina platensis. Journal of Nutriti- onal Science and Vitaminology, 40 (5), 431-441.
  • Heidarpour A, Fourouzandeh-Shahrakı AD and Eghbalsaied S (2011). Effects of Spirulina platensis on performance, digestibility and se- rum biochemical parameters of Holstein calves. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(22), 5061-5065.
  • Hirahashi T, Matsumoto M, Hazeki K, Saeki Y, Ui M and Seya T (2002). Activation of the human innate immune system by Spirulina aug- mentation of interferon production and NK cytotoxicity by oral administration of hot water of Spirulina platensis. International Im- munopharmacology, 2, 423-434.
  • Iijima N, Fugii I, Shimamatsu H and Katoh S (1982). Anti-tumor agent and method of treatment therewith. U.S. Patent Pending, Ref. No. P1150-726-A82679.
  • Ishii K, Katoch T, Okuwaki Y and Hayashi O (1999). Influence of dietary Spirulina platensis on IgA level in human saliva. Journal of Kagawa Nutrition University, 30, 27–33.
  • Kahraman Z ( 2009). Bitkisel yem katkı maddelerinin yumurta tavuğu yemlerinde kullanımı. Tavukçuluk Araştırma Dergisi, 8 (1), 34–41.
  • Kay RA (1991). Microalgae as food supplement. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 30, 555-573.
  • Kocaoğlu Güçlü B ve Kara K (2009). Ruminant Beslemede Alternatif Yem Katkı Maddelerinin Kullanımı: 1. Probiyotik, Prebiyotik ve Enzim. Er- ciyes Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg., 6 (1), 65-75.
  • Kocaoğlu Güçlü B ve Kara K (2010). Ruminant Beslemede Alternatif Yem Katkı Maddelerinin Kullanımı: 2. Organik Asit, Yağ Asiti, Adsorban. Erciyes Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg., 7 (1), 43-52.
  • Michaelsen KF, Hoppe C, Roos N, Kaestel P, Stougaard M, Lauritzen L, Mİlgaard C, Girma T and Friis H (2009). Choice of foods and ingre- dients for moderately malnourished children 6 months to 5 years of age. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 30, 3.
  • Mishima T, Murata J, Toyoshima M, Fujii H, Nakajima M, Hayashi T, Kato T and Saiki I (1998). Inhibition of tumor invasion and metastasis by calcium spirulan (Ca-SP), a novel sulfated polysaccharide derived from blue-green alga, Spirulina patensis. Clinical and Experimental Metastasis, 16(6), 541-50.
  • Moreira LM, Rocha ASR, Ribeiro CLG, Rodrigues RS and Soares LS (2011). Nutritional evaluation of single-cell protein produced by Spirulina platensis. African Journal of Food Science, 5(15), 799-805.
  • Osborne K and Kahn, Charles N. (2005). World History: Societies of the Past. Winnipeg, Portage & Main Press.
  • Özen N, Kırkpınar F, Özdoğan M, Ertürk MM ve Yurtman İY (2005). Hayvan Besleme. Türkiye Ziraat Mühendisliği VI. Teknik Kongresi, Ankara.
  • Peiretti PG and Meineri G (2008). Effects of diets with increasing levels of Spirulina platensis on the performance and apparent digestibility in growing rabbits. Livestock Science, 118, 173–177.
  • Promya, J and Chitmanat C (2011). The effects of Spirulina platensis and Cladophora algae on the growth performance, meat quality and immunity stimulating capacity of the African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Int. J. Agric. Biol., 13, 77–82.
  • Pugh N, Ross SA, Elsohly MA and Pasco DS (2001). Isolation of three high molecular weight polysaccharide preperations with potent im- munostimulatory activity from Spirulina platensis, aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Chlorella pyrenidosa. Planta Medica, 67 (8), 737- 742.
  • Pulz O and Gross W (2004). Valuable products from biotechnology of microalgae. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 65, 635-48.
  • Qureshi MA, Garlich JD and Kidd MT (1996). Dietary Spirulina platensis enhances humoral and cell-mediated immune function in chickens. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 18 (3), 465-476.
  • Qureshı MA and Ali RA. Spirulina platensis esposure enhances mac- rophage phagocytic function in cats. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology ,18 (3), 457-63.
  • Richmond A (1992). Mass culture of cyanobacteria. 2nd edit, Mann N, Carr N, Photosynthetic prokaryotes, Plenum Press, New York, page 181-210.
  • Tadros MG (1988). Characterization of Spirulina biomass for CELSS diet potential. Normal, Al. Alabama A&M University.
  • Ungsethaphand T, Peerapornpisal Y, Whangchai N and Sardsud U (2010). Effect of feeding Spirulina platensis on growth and car- cass composition of hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × O. niloticus), Maejo Int. J. Sci. Technol., 4(02), 331-336.
  • Watanuki H, Ota K, Tassakka AC, Kato T and Sakai M (2008). Immunos- timulant effects of dietary Spirulina platensis on carp. Aquaculture, 258, 157-163.
  • Zhang HQ, Lin AP, Sun Y and Deng YM (2001). Chemo- and radio-pro- tective effects of polysaccharide of Spirulina platensis on hemopo- ietic system of mice and dogs. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 22 (12), 1121-1124.
  • Zhu M and Li H (2004). The Effect of Spirulina and it’s Complex Presc- ription on the Immune Organs and T Cell Subsets from their Perip- heral Blood of Overtrained Mice. J ournal of Guangzhou Physical Education Institute, 05.

Spirulina platensis’in Hayvanlarda Büyüme Performansı ve Bağışıklık Sistemi Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2013, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 240 - 244, 01.06.2013

Abstract

Özbilgi/Amaç: Beslenmenin organizmadaki en önemli rolü büyüme, gelişme ve fizyolojik görevlerin sürdürülmesidir. Bu nedenle beslenme, insan ya da hayvan olsun, yaşamın sürdürülmesi için gereklidir. Günümüzde, hayvan yetiştiriciliğinde yem kalitesini artırarak beslenmenin düzenlenmesini sağlamak, daha sağlıklı hayvanlar elde etmek ve elde edilen hayvansal ürünlerin miktar ve kalitesini iyileştirmek amacıyla, araştırmacılar doğal ürünler üzerindeki çalışmalara yoğunlaşmışlardır. Özellikle, yem katkı maddelerinin insan sağlığı üzerinde bir yan etkiye yol açıp açmadığı konusundaki çalışmalar önem kazanmıştır. Bu ürünlerin kullanımı insanlarda bağışıklık sisteminin kuvvetlenmesi açısından da önemlidir. Bu doğal ürünler arasında probiyotikler, prebiyotikler ile bitki ve bitki ekstraktlarını sayabiliriz. Bu doğal ürünlerden Spirulina platensis, yani tatlı su yosunu önemli bir protein kaynağıdır ve ayrıca vitaminler ve mineraller bakımından da zengindir. Bu özellikleriyle Spirulina platensis doğal bir besin olarak günümüzde ilgi odağı haline gelmiştir. Bu derlemede S. platensis’in hayvanlarda büyüme performansı ve bağışıklık üzerine etkilerine ve son yıllarda yapılan bazı araştırmaların sonuçlarına yer verilecektir.Mateyal ve Metot: S. platensis, bir gıda kaynağı olarak yüzyıllar önce insanoğlu tarafından keşfedilmiş ve dünyanın birçok yerinde yetiştirilen bir besin kaynağıdır. S. platensis’in sağlığa olumlu etkisi ve çeşitli hastalıkların tedavisinde destekçi olduğu bilimsel çevrelerce ispatlanmış durumdadır. Bulgular ve Sonuç: S. platensis ile ilgili yapılan araştırmalarda farklı sonuçlar elde edildiği de görülmektedir. Bu farklılığın S. platensis’in büyüme performansı ve bağışıklık sistemi üzerine bilinmeyen etkilerine bağlı olabileceği bildirilmektedir. Bu alandaki çalışmaların artırılması gerekmektedir.

References

  • Abdulqader G, Barsanti L, Tredici M (2000). Harvest of Arthrospira pla- tensis from Lake Kossorom (Chad) and its household usage among the Kanembu. Journal of Applied Phycology. 12, 493-498.
  • Araşjo KGL, Facchınettı AD and Santos CP (2003). Influence of intake of Spirulina biomass on body weight and feed intake in rats. Sci. Technol. Food, 23 (1), 6-9.
  • Armstrong DG (1986). Gut-active growth promoters, control and mani- pulation of animal growth. Editor: Buttery PJ, LIndsay D and Haynes NB. Butterworths, London, pp 21-37.
  • Babadzhanov AS, Abdusamatova N, Yusupova FM, Faizullaeva N, Mezh- lumyan LG and Malikovam KH (2004). Chemical Composition of Spirulina Platensis Cultivated in Uzbekistan. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 40, 3.
  • Belay A, Toshimitsu K ve Yoshimichi O (1996). Spirulina ( Artospira ): Potential application as an animal feed supplement. Journal of App- lied Phycology, 8, 303-311.
  • Belay A (1997). Mass culture of Spirulina (Arthrospira) outdoors – The Earthrise Farms Experience. Editor: Vonshak A, Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira), Physiology, Cell-Biology and Biotechnology, Taylor&F- rancis group, London, page 131-158.
  • Baojiang G (1994). Study on effect and mechanism of polysaccharides of Spirulina platensis on body immune functions improvement. Book of Abstracts, Second Asia Pacific Conference on Algal Biote- chnology, page 24.
  • Cheng-Wu Z, Chao-Tsi T and Zhen ZTY (1994). The effects of polysac- charide and phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis on peripheral blood and hematopoietic system of bone marrow in mice. National University of Singapore, page 58.
  • Ciferi O (1983). Spirulina, the edible microorganism. Microbiology Re- views, 47, 551-578.
  • Cohen Z (1997). The chemicals of Spirulina. Editor: Vonshak A, Spiru- lina platensis (Arthrospira), Physiology, cell-biology and biotechno- logy, Taylor&Francis group, London, page 175 – 204.
  • Derkenbaşı S, Ünal H, Karayücel I and Aral O (2010). Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Different Rates of Spirulina ( Spirulina platen- sis) on Growth and Feed Conversion in Guppy ( Poecilia reticulara Peters, 1860). Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9 (9), 1395-1399.
  • Diaz Del Castillo, B (1928). The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico, 1517–1521. London: Routledge, p. 300.
  • Erdoğan Z (1999). Yem katkı maddesi olan Probiyotikler. Vet. Bil. Derg., 15 (2), 151-155.
  • Gümüş R ve İmik H (2012). Saponinlerin Hayvan Beslemede Yem Katkı Maddesi Olarak Kullanımı. Atatürk Üniversitesi Vet. Bil. Derg. , 7 (3), 221-229.
  • Grinstead GS, Tokach MD, Dritz SS, Goodband RD and Nelssen JL (2000). Effects of Spirulina platensis on growth performance of we- anling pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 83, 237–247.
  • Hamad AA, Saud IA, Ali A and Qureshi MA (2001). Enhancement of Chicken Macrophage Phogocytic Function and Nitrite Production by Dietary Spirulina platensis. Immunopharmacology and Immuno- toxicology, 23 (2): 281-289.
  • Hayashi O, Katoh T and Okuwakı Y (1994). Enhancement of antibody production in mice by dietary Spirulina platensis. Journal of Nutriti- onal Science and Vitaminology, 40 (5), 431-441.
  • Heidarpour A, Fourouzandeh-Shahrakı AD and Eghbalsaied S (2011). Effects of Spirulina platensis on performance, digestibility and se- rum biochemical parameters of Holstein calves. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(22), 5061-5065.
  • Hirahashi T, Matsumoto M, Hazeki K, Saeki Y, Ui M and Seya T (2002). Activation of the human innate immune system by Spirulina aug- mentation of interferon production and NK cytotoxicity by oral administration of hot water of Spirulina platensis. International Im- munopharmacology, 2, 423-434.
  • Iijima N, Fugii I, Shimamatsu H and Katoh S (1982). Anti-tumor agent and method of treatment therewith. U.S. Patent Pending, Ref. No. P1150-726-A82679.
  • Ishii K, Katoch T, Okuwaki Y and Hayashi O (1999). Influence of dietary Spirulina platensis on IgA level in human saliva. Journal of Kagawa Nutrition University, 30, 27–33.
  • Kahraman Z ( 2009). Bitkisel yem katkı maddelerinin yumurta tavuğu yemlerinde kullanımı. Tavukçuluk Araştırma Dergisi, 8 (1), 34–41.
  • Kay RA (1991). Microalgae as food supplement. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 30, 555-573.
  • Kocaoğlu Güçlü B ve Kara K (2009). Ruminant Beslemede Alternatif Yem Katkı Maddelerinin Kullanımı: 1. Probiyotik, Prebiyotik ve Enzim. Er- ciyes Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg., 6 (1), 65-75.
  • Kocaoğlu Güçlü B ve Kara K (2010). Ruminant Beslemede Alternatif Yem Katkı Maddelerinin Kullanımı: 2. Organik Asit, Yağ Asiti, Adsorban. Erciyes Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg., 7 (1), 43-52.
  • Michaelsen KF, Hoppe C, Roos N, Kaestel P, Stougaard M, Lauritzen L, Mİlgaard C, Girma T and Friis H (2009). Choice of foods and ingre- dients for moderately malnourished children 6 months to 5 years of age. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 30, 3.
  • Mishima T, Murata J, Toyoshima M, Fujii H, Nakajima M, Hayashi T, Kato T and Saiki I (1998). Inhibition of tumor invasion and metastasis by calcium spirulan (Ca-SP), a novel sulfated polysaccharide derived from blue-green alga, Spirulina patensis. Clinical and Experimental Metastasis, 16(6), 541-50.
  • Moreira LM, Rocha ASR, Ribeiro CLG, Rodrigues RS and Soares LS (2011). Nutritional evaluation of single-cell protein produced by Spirulina platensis. African Journal of Food Science, 5(15), 799-805.
  • Osborne K and Kahn, Charles N. (2005). World History: Societies of the Past. Winnipeg, Portage & Main Press.
  • Özen N, Kırkpınar F, Özdoğan M, Ertürk MM ve Yurtman İY (2005). Hayvan Besleme. Türkiye Ziraat Mühendisliği VI. Teknik Kongresi, Ankara.
  • Peiretti PG and Meineri G (2008). Effects of diets with increasing levels of Spirulina platensis on the performance and apparent digestibility in growing rabbits. Livestock Science, 118, 173–177.
  • Promya, J and Chitmanat C (2011). The effects of Spirulina platensis and Cladophora algae on the growth performance, meat quality and immunity stimulating capacity of the African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Int. J. Agric. Biol., 13, 77–82.
  • Pugh N, Ross SA, Elsohly MA and Pasco DS (2001). Isolation of three high molecular weight polysaccharide preperations with potent im- munostimulatory activity from Spirulina platensis, aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Chlorella pyrenidosa. Planta Medica, 67 (8), 737- 742.
  • Pulz O and Gross W (2004). Valuable products from biotechnology of microalgae. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 65, 635-48.
  • Qureshi MA, Garlich JD and Kidd MT (1996). Dietary Spirulina platensis enhances humoral and cell-mediated immune function in chickens. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 18 (3), 465-476.
  • Qureshı MA and Ali RA. Spirulina platensis esposure enhances mac- rophage phagocytic function in cats. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology ,18 (3), 457-63.
  • Richmond A (1992). Mass culture of cyanobacteria. 2nd edit, Mann N, Carr N, Photosynthetic prokaryotes, Plenum Press, New York, page 181-210.
  • Tadros MG (1988). Characterization of Spirulina biomass for CELSS diet potential. Normal, Al. Alabama A&M University.
  • Ungsethaphand T, Peerapornpisal Y, Whangchai N and Sardsud U (2010). Effect of feeding Spirulina platensis on growth and car- cass composition of hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × O. niloticus), Maejo Int. J. Sci. Technol., 4(02), 331-336.
  • Watanuki H, Ota K, Tassakka AC, Kato T and Sakai M (2008). Immunos- timulant effects of dietary Spirulina platensis on carp. Aquaculture, 258, 157-163.
  • Zhang HQ, Lin AP, Sun Y and Deng YM (2001). Chemo- and radio-pro- tective effects of polysaccharide of Spirulina platensis on hemopo- ietic system of mice and dogs. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 22 (12), 1121-1124.
  • Zhu M and Li H (2004). The Effect of Spirulina and it’s Complex Presc- ription on the Immune Organs and T Cell Subsets from their Perip- heral Blood of Overtrained Mice. J ournal of Guangzhou Physical Education Institute, 05.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nilay Seyidoğlu This is me

Nurten Galip This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Seyidoğlu, N., & Galip, N. (2013). Spirulina platensis’in Hayvanlarda Büyüme Performansı ve Bağışıklık Sistemi Üzerine Etkisi. Animal Health Production and Hygiene, 2(2), 240-244.