Bacterial Toxins

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 727 - 733, 06.12.2020

Hafize Tuğba Yüksel Dolgun , Şükrü Kırkan , Uğur Parın , Evrim Dönmez

Abstract

Background/Aim: Poisonous molecules produced by bacteria inside or outside the organisms are generally called "toxins". The ability of bacteria to synthesize toxins is called "toxicity". Toxigenicity is an important factor that increases the virulence of bacteria. The most important structure of bacteria in damage formation is toxins. Toxins created by bacteria are mainly two groups, exotoxins and endotoxins. Exotoxins are extracellular structures that bacteria secrete into the external environment. Endotoxins are found in the cell wall structure and are released when bacteria are broken down. Exotoxins cause damage in several different ways. Some of them cause paralysis by affecting the neuromuscular system, some cause oedema by breaking down blood cells, some cause food poisoning and some cause enterotoxaemia. Endotoxins, on the other hand, cause inflammation through indirect ways, causing disorders that can lead to septic shock.
Conclusion: In this review, information about the toxins formed by Escherichia coli Campylobacter sp., Shigella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp., Clostridium sp. are given briefly.

Keywords

Enterotoxin, exotoxin, endotoxin, bacteria, intoxication

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