Monocyte to HDL-Cholesterol Ratio in Male with Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

Abstract

Purpose: Previous studies have shown that idiopatic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) patients with low testosterone levels lead to an impaired glucose metabolism, and an increased cardiovascular risk.  Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (MHR) also has been shown to be an indicator of inflammation and cardiovascular risk.  The purpose of the present study is to investigate MHR in the male with IHH. 

Material and Methods: This study includes 31 men with IHH without previous treatment for the disease and 44 healthy men.  The blood sampling, anthropometric measures, and physical examination were undertaken by all the participants.

Results: Mean ages of the IHH patients and the healty controls were 22.5±7.2 years vs. 22.9±6.4 years.  There was no statistically significant difference between the patients and controls in terms of the mean HDL-C, mean monocyte count, and mean MHR.  The MHR also was not correlated with the other hematological parameters, inflammatory parameters, and the total testosterone level.

Conclusion: MHR has been shown to be an indicator of cardiovascular risk in previous studies but we could not detect an increased MHR value in patients with IHH In this study.

Keywords

• Monocyte,HDL-cholesterol,inflammation,Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

Erkek İdiopatik Hipogonadotropik Hipogonadizmli Hastalarda Monosit/ HDL oranı

Abstract

Amaç: Önceki çalışmalar, düşük testosteron düzeylerine sahip idiopatik hipogonadotropik hipogonadizm (İHH) hastalarında bozulmuş glukoz metabolizmasına ve artmış kardiyovasküler riske yatkınlık olduğunu göstermiştir. Monosit/yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterol (HDL-C) oranı (MHR) de inflamasyon ve kardiyovasküler risk göstergesi olarak gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, İHH tanılı erkek hastalarda MHR'yi araştırmaktır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler:  Bu çalışmaya daha önce tedavi almamış İHH tanısı olan 31 erkek hasta ve sağlıklı 44 erkek hasta dahil edildi. Tüm katılımcıların kan örneklemesi, antropometrik ölçümleri ve fizik muayeneleri yapıldı.

Bulgular: İHH hastalarının yaş ortalaması 22,5±7,2 yıl ve sağlıklı kontrollerin yaş ortalaması ise 22,9±6,4 yıl idi. Hastalar ve kontroller arasında ortalama HDL-kolesterol, ortalama monosit sayısı ve ortalama MHR açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yoktu. MHR ayrıca diğer hematolojik parametreler, enflamatuar parametreler ve toplam testosteron seviyesi ile korele değildi.

Sonuçlar:  Önceki çalışmalarda MHR'nin kardiyovasküler riskin bir göstergesi olduğu gösterilmiştir, ancak bu çalışmada İHH hastalarında artmış bir MHR değeri tespit edemedik.

Keywords

• Monosit,HDL kolesterol,inflamasyon,idiopatik hipogonadotropik hipogonadizm

References

1. 1. Fraietta R, Zylberstejn DS, Esteves SC. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism revisited. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2013;68 Suppl 1:81-8.
2. 2. Tang RY, Chen R, Ma M, Lin SQ, Zhang YW, Wang YP. Clinical characteristics of 138 Chinese female patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Endocr Connect. 2017 Nov;6(8):800-10. doi: 10.1530/EC-17-0251. Epub 2017 Oct 10.
3. 3. Özbey İ. Treatment of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Turkiye Klinikleri J Urology-Special Topics. 2017;10(1):19-27
4. 4. Maggio M, Basaria S, Ble A, et al. Correlation between testosterone and the inflammatory marker soluble interleukin-6 receptor in older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jan;91(1):345-7. Epub 2005 Nov 1.
5. 5. Nettleship JE, Pugh PJ, Channer KS, Jones T, Jones RD. Inverse relationship between serum levels of interleukin-1ß and testosterone in men with stable coronary artery disease. Horm Metab Res.2007; 39(5), 366–71. DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-976543
6. 6. Willerson JT, Ridker PM. Inflammation as a cardiovascular risk factor. Circulation. 2004 Jun 1;109(21 Suppl 1):II2-10.
7. 7. World Health Organization. Cardiovascular Disease (CVDs). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-%28cvds%29 accessed date: 01.04.2019
8. 8. Doğan BA, Karakılıç E, Tuna MM, Arduç A, Berker D, Güler S. Effect of androgen replacement therapy on atherosclerotic risk markers in young-to-middle-aged men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015;82:422–28.

9. 9. Kalinchenko SY, Tishova YA, Mskhalaya GJ, Gooren LJ, Giltay EJ, Saad F. Effects of testosterone supplementation on markers of the metabolic syndrome and inflammation in hypogonadal men with the metabolic syndrome: the double-blinded placebo-controlled Moscow study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2010 Nov;73(5):602-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03845.x.
10. 10. Parihar A, Eubank TD, Doseff AI. Monocytes and macrophages regulate immunity through dynamic networks of survival and cell deathJ Innate Immun. 2010;2(3):204-15. doi: 10.1159/000296507. Epub 2010 Mar 16.
11. 11. Kratofil RM, Kubes P, Deniset JF. Monocyte conversion during inflammation and injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2017 Jan;37(1):35-42. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.116.308198. Epub 2016 Oct 20.
12. 12. Leentjens J, Bekkering S, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, Burgner DP, Riksen NP. Trained innate immunity as a novel mechanism linking infection and the development of atherosclerosis. Circ Res. 2018 Mar 2;122(5):664-69. doi: 10.1161 / CIRCRESAHA. 117.312465. Epub 2018 Jan 24
13. 13. Akboga MK, Balci KG, Maden O, et al. Usefulness of monocyte to HDL-cholesterol ratio to predict high SYNTAX score in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Biomark. Med.2016; 10(4), 375–83. doi: 10.2217/bmm-2015-0050
14. 14. Kosmas CE, Martinez I, Sourlas A, et al. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality and its relevance to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Drugs Context. 2018 Mar 28;7:212525. doi: 10.7573/dic.212525. eCollection 2018.
15. 15. Mertens A, Holvoet P. Oxidized LDL and HDL: antagonists in atherothrombosis. FASEB J. 2001 Oct;15(12):2073-84.
16. 16. Korkmaz A, Demir M, Unal S, et al. Monocyte-to-high density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) can predict the significance of angiographically intermediate coronary lesions. Int J Cardiovasc Acad. 2017;3(1-2):16-20.
17. 17. Yilmaz M, Kayancicek H. A new inflammatory marker: elevated monocyte to HDL cholesterol ratio associated with smoking. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2018; 7(4), 76. doi: 10.3390/jcm7040076
18. 18. Kanbay M, Solak Y, Unal HU, et al. Monocyte count/HDL cholesterol ratio and cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol. 2014 Aug;46(8):1619-25. doi: 10.1007/s11255-014-0730-1. Epub 2014 May 23.
19. 19. Bobjer J, Katrinaki M, Tsatsanis C, Lundberg Giwercman Y, Giwercman A. Negative association between testosterone concentration and inflammatory markers in young men: a nested cross-sectional study. . PLoS One. 2013 Apr 18;8(4):e61466. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061466. Print 2013
20. 20. Bianchi VE. The Anti-inflammatory effects of testosterone. J Endocr Soc. 2019 Jan 1; 3(1): 91–107. doi: 10.1210/js.2018-00186
21. 21. Wang C, Jackson G, Jones TH, et al. Low testosterone associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome contributes to sexual dysfunction and cardiovascular disease risk in men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2011 Jul;34(7):1669-75. doi: 10.2337/dc10-2339.
22. 22. .Aversa A, Bruzziches R, Francomano D, et al. Effects of testosterone undecanoate on cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in middle-aged men with late-onset hypogonadism and metabolic syndrome: results from a 24-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Sex Med. 2010 Oct;7(10):3495-503. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01931.x.
23. 23. Janjgava S, Zerekidze T, Uchava L, Giorgadze E, Asatiani K. Influence of testosterone replacement therapy on metabolic disorders in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and androgen deficiency. Eur J Med Res. 2014 Oct 23;19:56. doi: 10.1186/s40001-014-0056-6.
24. 24. Groti K, Žuran I, Antonič B, Foršnarič L, Pfeifer M. The impact of testosterone replacement therapy on glycemic control, vascular function, and components of the metabolic syndrome in obese hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes. Aging Male. 2018 Sep;21(3):158-69. doi: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1468429. Epub 2018 Apr 30.
25. 25. Traish AM, Galoosian A. Androgens modulate endothelial function and endothelial progenitor cells in erectile physiology. Korean J Urol. 2013 Nov;54(11):721-31. doi: 10.4111/kju.2013.54.11.721. Epub 2013 Nov 6.
26. 26. Basaria S, Coviello AD, Travison TG, et al. Adverse events associated with testosterone administration. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jul 8;363(2):109-22. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1000485. Epub 2010 Jun 30.
27. 27. Haddad RM, Kennedy CC, Caples SM, et al. Testosterone and cardiovascular risk in men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007 Jan;82(1):29-39.
28. 28. Dandona P, Aljada A, Bandyopadhyay A. Inflammation: the link between insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes. Trends in Immunology. 2004, 25(1), 4–7. doi:10.1016/j.it.2003.10.013