Türkiye’de çocukluk çağı vitiligolu hastaların klinik ve demografik özelliklerinin incelenmesi: prospektif, kesitsel çalışma

Year 2021, , 200 - 205, 31.08.2021

Ömer Kutlu , İlknur Balta

https://doi.org/10.20492/aeahtd.732463

Abstract

Amaç: Türkiye’de çocukluk çağı vitiligolu hastaların epidemiyolojisi ile ilgili yapılan çalışma sayısı oldukça azdır. Bu çalışma, Türk toplumundaki çocukluk çağı vitiligolu hastaların demografik ve klinik özelliklerinin prospektif olarak incelemeyi amaçlamıştır.
Gereç ve yöntem: Bu çalışmaya 18 yaş altı vitiligosu olan hastalar dahil edildi. Hastaların klinik ve demografik özellikleri incelendi. Hastalığın aktifleşme durumu ve eşlik eden kızarıklık, kaşıntı, köbner fenomeni ile tutulum bölgeleri arasında istatistiksel inceleme yapıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmadaki 78 çocuğun 45’i (%57,7) kız, 33’ü (%43,3) erkekti. Hastalığın ortalama görülme yaşı 7,91 ±4,95 yıldı. Hastaların median vücut tutulum yüzdesi 1 (minimum 1, maksimum 25) idi. Dermatolojiye başvurulduğundaki hastaların yaşı ile hastalık süresi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı korelasyon saptandı (p=0,07, Korelasyon katsayısı=0,313). En sık görülen vitiligo tipi 31 (%39,7) hastada görülen fokal vitiligo iken bunu sırasıyla jeneralize (%37,8), segmental (%14,1) ve akrofasiyal vitiligo (%8,97) izledi. Segmental vitiligo en sık boyunda görülürken sonrasında sırasıyla boyun (%33,3), bacak (%25), kol (%25), yüz (%8,3) ve gövdede (%8,3) görüldü. Akrofasiyal vitiligo kızlarda erkeklere oranla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ölçüde fazla bulundu (p=0,017). Son iki ay içerisinde baş bölgesinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede vitiligoda aktifleşme vardı (p=0,007). Köbner fenomeni vücut yüzey tutulum alanı >%1 olanlarda ≤%1 olanlara göre istatistiksel olarak daha sık saptandı (0,009).
Sonuç: Bu çalışmaya göre çocukluk çağı vitiligo en sık 10 yaş altında ortaya çıkmaktadır. Hastalık genel olarak vücut yüzey alanının %1’inden azını tutmaktadır ve köbnerizasyon ile bu oran artma eğilimindedir. Fokal ve jeneralize vitiligo en sık görülen formlardır. Segmental vitiligo en sık boyun bölgesinde görülmektedir. Dermatolojiye başvuru sırasında baş bölgesindeki hastalık aktivitesi diğer bölgelere göre daha yüksektir.

Keywords

çocukluk çağı vitiligosu, epidemiyoloji

Clinical and demographic characteristics of childhood vitiligo in Turkey: prospective, cross-sectional study

Abstract

Purpose: Epidemiologic studies that are conducted on childhood
vitiligo are quite rare in Turkey. This study aimed to prospectively
investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with childhood
vitiligo in a Turkish cohort.

Material and Method: Patients with
vitiligo under the age of 18 were included in this study. The clinical and
demographic characteristics of the patients were examined. A statistical
examination was performed between the activation status of the disease,
accompanying redness, itching, Koebner phenomenon and involvement sites.

Results: Of the 78 children, 45 (57.7%) were girls and 33
(43.3%) were boys. The mean age of occurrence of the disease was 7.91 ± 4.95
years. The median body involvement percentage of the patients was 1 (minimum 1,
maximum 25). A statistically significant correlation was found between the age
of the patients and the duration of the disease when presented to dermatology
(p = 0.07, correlation coefficient = 0.313). The most common vitiligo type was focal vitiligo in 31
(39.7%) patients, followed by generalized (37.8%), segmental (14.1%) and
acrofacial vitiligo (8.97%), respectively. Segmental vitiligo was most commonly seen in the neck
(33.3%) followed by leg (25%), arm (25%), face (8.3%), and trunk (8.3%),
respectively. Acrofacial
vitiligo was statistically significantly higher in girls than in boys (p =
0.017). There was statistically significant
activation of vitiligo in the head area in the last two months (p = 0.007).
The Kobner phenomenon was statistically more common in
those with a body surface involvement> 1% than those with ≤ 1% (0.009).

Conclusion: According to this study, childhood vitiligo frequently occurs in children aged under
10 years old. The disease generally involves less than 1% of the body surface
area, and this ratio tends to increase with koebnerization. Focal and generalized vitiligo
is the most common forms of childhood vitiligo. Segmental vitiligo is most
common in the neck area. During the attending to dermatology, disease activity in the
head area is higher than in other areas.

Keywords

Childhood vitiligo, epidemiology

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