CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN MALE BREAST CANCER: EXAMINATION OF 16 CASES
Year 2021,
Volume: 54 Issue: 2, 321 - 325, 31.08.2021
Hayrettin Dizen
,
Ahmet Karayiğit
,
Dursun Burak Özdemir
,
Ümit Özdemir
,
İhsan Burak Karakaya
,
Betül Peker Cengiz
,
Murat Ulaş
,
Bülent Ünal
Abstract
Aim: The incidence of breast cancer in men is less than 1% and it is very rare. Unlike women, its incidence increases with age. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological features, surgical and reconstructive techniques, adjuvant treatments and clinical results of breast carcinoma in men.
Material and Method: Breast cancer patients treated in Eskişehir Osmangazi University General Surgery Clinic and Eskişehir Yunus Emre State Hospital General Surgery Department between January 2010 and August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: 16 male breast cancer cases were found. Clinical, pathological, adjuvant therapy, recurrence and survival characteristics of the patients were examined. The median age was 62 years. The most common presentation type was a palpable mass (68%) in the retroareolar region (62%) of the right breast. Hormone receptor positive staining (75-95%) and nuclear grade 2 (62%) were common features. Curative surgery was performed on 15 patients. Palliative toilet mastectomy was performed in 1 patient due to distant metastasis. Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) (88%) was performed as the most common surgical procedure. Reconstruction was performed with a musculocutaneous flap in one patient. Median follow-up time was 53 months. During the follow-up period, 3 patients (19%) had local recurrence, 6 patients (38%) died. It was recorded that 4 patients (25%) died due to cancer.
Conclusion: Breast cancer in men is rare and can be confused with benign diseases such as gynecomastia. Therefore, the disease is usually detected at an advanced stage. Consequently, local recurrence and mortality rates are observed to be higher. This requires the attention of men and improving awareness of the prevalence and risk factors of this disease.
References
- 1. Dimitrov NV, Colucci P, Nagpal S. Some aspects of the endocrine profile and management of hormone-dependent male breast cancer. Oncologist. 2007; 12: 798-807.
- 2. Agrawal A, Ayantunde AA, Rampaul R, et al. Male breast cancer: a review of clinical management. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007; 103: 11-21.
- 3. Tatar D, Böncü M, Yıldırım Y, ve ark. Erkekte ileri evre meme kanseri (olgu sunumu). Türkiye Klinikleri Akciğer Arşivi. 2002; 3(1), 37-40.
- 4. Akça T, Altun U, Apaydın D, ve ark. Nadir görülen bir lezyon: Erkek meme kanseri: Olgu sunumu. Meme sağlığı dergisi. 2006; 2(1), 37-9.
- 5. Giordano SH, Cohen DS, Buzdar AU, et al. Breast carcinoma in men: a population-based study. Cancer. 2004; 101: 51-57.
- 6. Greenfield LJ, Mulholland M. Male breast cancer. Greenfield's Surgery. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia 1997; 1411-12.
- 7. Zeren S, Sobutay E, Ağca B, ve ark. Erkek Meme Kanseri. Okmeydanı Tıp Dergisi. 2011; 27(2), 110-113.
- 8. Atalay C, Doğan L, Karaman N. 23 Yıl Arayla Tanı Konulan Bilateral Metakron Erkek Meme Kanseri. Meme Sağlığı Dergisi/Journal of Breast Health. 2009; 5(2).
- 9. Krause W. Male breast cancer-an andrological disease: Risk factors and diagnosis. Andrologia. 2004; 36: 346-54.
- 10. Fentiman IS, Fourquet A, Hortobagyi GN. Male breast cancer. The Lancet. 2006; 367(9510), 595-604.
- 11. Temelli Ö, Ekici C, Ekici K. Erkeklerde Meme Kanseri ve Tedavi Özellikleri. J Kartal TR 2015;26(1):42-46.
- 12. Gündoğdu K, Uzunoğlu Y, Arslan Y, ve ark. Erkek meme kanseri-3 olgu sunumu. Cumhuriyet Tıp Dergisi. 2013; 35(4), 22-26.
- 13. Özgönül A, Yalçın M, Güldür ME, ve ark. Erkek meme kanseri: 2 olgu sunumu. Meme Sagligi Dergisi/Journal of Breast Health. 2010; 6(1).
- 14. Hanavadi S, Monypenny IJ, Mansel RE. Is mammography overused in male patients? Breast. 2006; 15: 123-6.
- 15. Burga AM, Fadare O, Lininger RA, et al. Invasive carcinomas of histologic subtypes and metastatic patterns in 778 cases. Virchows Arch. 2006; 449(5): 507-512.
- 16. Patten DK, Sharifi LK, Fazel M. New approaches in the management of male breast cancer. Clinical breast cancer. 2013 13(5), 309-314.
- 17.Sevinç Aİ, Canda AM, Atila K, ve ark. Erkeklerde meme kanseri:22 olgu. Meme sağlığı dergisi. 2007; 3(1): 4-18.
- 18. Goss PE, Reid C, Pintilie M, et al. Male breast carcinoma: a review of 229 patients who presented to the Princess Margaret Hospital during 40 years: 1955-1996. Cancer 1999; 85: 629-639.
- 19. Al Awayshih MM, Nofal MN, Yousef AJ. Modified Radical Mastectomy for Male Breast Cancer. The American journal of case reports. 2019; 20, 1336.
- 20. Fentiman I. S. (2018). Surgical options for male breast cancer. Breast cancer research and treatment, 172(3), 539-544.
- 21. Gentilini O, Chagas E, Zurrida S, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in male patients with early breast cancer. Oncologist. 2007; 12; 512-515.
- 22.Michel P, Chastel C, Verhelst G, et al. Importance of the Limberg triple flap in the surgical treatment of cancer of the breast in the male. Acta Chir Belg. 1984; 84:138–143.
- 23.Spear SL, Bowen DG. Breast reconstruction in a male with a transverse rectus abdominis flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1988; 102:1615–161.
- 24. Nakao A, Saito S, Naomoto Y, et al. Deltopectoral flap for reconstruction of male breast after radical mastectomy for cancer in a patient on hemodialysis. Anticancer Res. 2002; 22:2477–1479.
- 25.Yamamura J, Masuda N, Kodama Y, et al. Male breast cancer originating in an accessory mammary gland in the axilla: a case report. Case Rep Med. 2012; 286210.
- 26. Banys-Paluchowski M, Burandt E, Banys J, et al. Male papillary breast cancer treated by wide resection and latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction: a case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Oncol. 2016; 7:420–42
ERKEK MEME KANSERİNDE KLİNİK VE PATOLOJİK ÖZELLİKLER: 16 OLGUNUN İNCELENMESİ
Year 2021,
Volume: 54 Issue: 2, 321 - 325, 31.08.2021
Hayrettin Dizen
,
Ahmet Karayiğit
,
Dursun Burak Özdemir
,
Ümit Özdemir
,
İhsan Burak Karakaya
,
Betül Peker Cengiz
,
Murat Ulaş
,
Bülent Ünal
Abstract
Amaç: Erkeklerde meme kanseri görülme sıklığı yaklaşık %1’in altında olup oldukça nadirdir. Kadınlardan farklı olarak yaşla birlikte görülme sıklığı artmaktadır. Erkeklerde meme karsinomunun klinikopatolojik özelliklerini, cerrahi ve rekonstrüktif tekniklerini, adjuvan tedavilerini ve klinik sonuçlarını değerlendirmeyi amaçladık
Materyal ve Metod: Ocak 2010- ağustos 2020 tarihleri arasında Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Genel Cerrahi Kliniğinde ve Eskişehir Yunus Emre Devlet Hastanesi Genel Cerrahi Bölümünde tedavi edilmiş meme kanseri hastaları retrospektif olarak incelendi.
Bulgular: 16 erkek meme kanseri olgusuna rastlandı. Hastaların klinik, patolojik, adjuvan tedavi, nüks ve sağ kalımlarına ait özellikler kayıt edildi. Ortanca yaş 62 idi. En sık prezentasyon şekli sağ memede retroareolar (%62) bölgede ele gelen kitleydi (%68). Hormon reseptör pozitif (%75-95) ve grade 2 (%62) yaygın görülen özellikti. Küratif cerrahi 15 hastaya yapıldı, 1 hasta metastatik olması nedeniyle palyatif tuvalet mastektomi yapıldı. En yaygın cerrahi işlem olarak modifiye radikal mastektomi (MRM) (%88) yapıldı. Bir hastaya muskülokütanöz flep ile rekonstrüksiyon yapıldı. Ortanca takip süresi 53 aydı. Takip süresince 3 hastada (%19) lokal nüks görülürken 6 hasta (%38) kaybedilmiştir. Bunlardan 4 hastanın (%25) kansere bağlı öldüğü kaydedildi.
Sonuç: Erkeklerde meme kanseri nadir görüldüğü, jinekomasti gibi benign hastalıklarla karışabildiği ve erkeklerde meme kanserinin görülmediği algısı yüzünden geç fark edilir. Bu nedenle de tanı konduğunda sıklıkla ileri evrede karşılaşılabilmekte, lokal nüks ve mortalite oranları daha yüksek gözlenmektedir. Bu durum, erkeklerin dikkatini çekmeyi ve bu hastalığın prevalansı ve risk faktörleri konusunda bilinçlenmeyi gerektirir.
References
- 1. Dimitrov NV, Colucci P, Nagpal S. Some aspects of the endocrine profile and management of hormone-dependent male breast cancer. Oncologist. 2007; 12: 798-807.
- 2. Agrawal A, Ayantunde AA, Rampaul R, et al. Male breast cancer: a review of clinical management. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007; 103: 11-21.
- 3. Tatar D, Böncü M, Yıldırım Y, ve ark. Erkekte ileri evre meme kanseri (olgu sunumu). Türkiye Klinikleri Akciğer Arşivi. 2002; 3(1), 37-40.
- 4. Akça T, Altun U, Apaydın D, ve ark. Nadir görülen bir lezyon: Erkek meme kanseri: Olgu sunumu. Meme sağlığı dergisi. 2006; 2(1), 37-9.
- 5. Giordano SH, Cohen DS, Buzdar AU, et al. Breast carcinoma in men: a population-based study. Cancer. 2004; 101: 51-57.
- 6. Greenfield LJ, Mulholland M. Male breast cancer. Greenfield's Surgery. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia 1997; 1411-12.
- 7. Zeren S, Sobutay E, Ağca B, ve ark. Erkek Meme Kanseri. Okmeydanı Tıp Dergisi. 2011; 27(2), 110-113.
- 8. Atalay C, Doğan L, Karaman N. 23 Yıl Arayla Tanı Konulan Bilateral Metakron Erkek Meme Kanseri. Meme Sağlığı Dergisi/Journal of Breast Health. 2009; 5(2).
- 9. Krause W. Male breast cancer-an andrological disease: Risk factors and diagnosis. Andrologia. 2004; 36: 346-54.
- 10. Fentiman IS, Fourquet A, Hortobagyi GN. Male breast cancer. The Lancet. 2006; 367(9510), 595-604.
- 11. Temelli Ö, Ekici C, Ekici K. Erkeklerde Meme Kanseri ve Tedavi Özellikleri. J Kartal TR 2015;26(1):42-46.
- 12. Gündoğdu K, Uzunoğlu Y, Arslan Y, ve ark. Erkek meme kanseri-3 olgu sunumu. Cumhuriyet Tıp Dergisi. 2013; 35(4), 22-26.
- 13. Özgönül A, Yalçın M, Güldür ME, ve ark. Erkek meme kanseri: 2 olgu sunumu. Meme Sagligi Dergisi/Journal of Breast Health. 2010; 6(1).
- 14. Hanavadi S, Monypenny IJ, Mansel RE. Is mammography overused in male patients? Breast. 2006; 15: 123-6.
- 15. Burga AM, Fadare O, Lininger RA, et al. Invasive carcinomas of histologic subtypes and metastatic patterns in 778 cases. Virchows Arch. 2006; 449(5): 507-512.
- 16. Patten DK, Sharifi LK, Fazel M. New approaches in the management of male breast cancer. Clinical breast cancer. 2013 13(5), 309-314.
- 17.Sevinç Aİ, Canda AM, Atila K, ve ark. Erkeklerde meme kanseri:22 olgu. Meme sağlığı dergisi. 2007; 3(1): 4-18.
- 18. Goss PE, Reid C, Pintilie M, et al. Male breast carcinoma: a review of 229 patients who presented to the Princess Margaret Hospital during 40 years: 1955-1996. Cancer 1999; 85: 629-639.
- 19. Al Awayshih MM, Nofal MN, Yousef AJ. Modified Radical Mastectomy for Male Breast Cancer. The American journal of case reports. 2019; 20, 1336.
- 20. Fentiman I. S. (2018). Surgical options for male breast cancer. Breast cancer research and treatment, 172(3), 539-544.
- 21. Gentilini O, Chagas E, Zurrida S, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in male patients with early breast cancer. Oncologist. 2007; 12; 512-515.
- 22.Michel P, Chastel C, Verhelst G, et al. Importance of the Limberg triple flap in the surgical treatment of cancer of the breast in the male. Acta Chir Belg. 1984; 84:138–143.
- 23.Spear SL, Bowen DG. Breast reconstruction in a male with a transverse rectus abdominis flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1988; 102:1615–161.
- 24. Nakao A, Saito S, Naomoto Y, et al. Deltopectoral flap for reconstruction of male breast after radical mastectomy for cancer in a patient on hemodialysis. Anticancer Res. 2002; 22:2477–1479.
- 25.Yamamura J, Masuda N, Kodama Y, et al. Male breast cancer originating in an accessory mammary gland in the axilla: a case report. Case Rep Med. 2012; 286210.
- 26. Banys-Paluchowski M, Burandt E, Banys J, et al. Male papillary breast cancer treated by wide resection and latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction: a case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Oncol. 2016; 7:420–42