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Ultrasonografi ile Yapılan İnternal Optik Sinir Kılıfı Çapının Seri Ölçümleri Medikal Yoğun Bakım Hastalarının Prognozunu Öngörebilir mi?

Year 2022, Volume: 55 Issue: 2, 70 - 73, 31.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.20492/aeahtd.942852

Abstract

Amaç: Optik sinir kılıfı (OSK) subaraknoid boşluk, piamater tabakası ve optik sinir lif tabakasından oluşmaktadır. Subaraknoid boşluk olmaksızın OSK çapı (OSKÇ) internal OKS (iOSKÇ) olarak bilinmektedir. iOSKÇ alanı içerisinde vasküler ağ ile birlikte çok sayıda astrositler bulunmaktadır. Astrositlerin sistemik enfeksiyon, inflemasyon, pro-inflematuvar sitokinler, bazı metabolik hastalıklar ve oksidatif stres ile şiştiği bilinmektedir. Aynı zamanda bu vasküler ağ Yoğun Bakım ünitesindeki (YBÜ) çoğu patoloji nedeniyle değişiklik gösterebilir. Bu çalışmada ultrasonografi ile ölçülen seri iOSKÇ değerleri ile yoğun bakımda yatmakta olan ve intrakraniyal patolojisi olmayan hastalardaki mortalite arasında ilişki araştırılmıştır.
Materyal ve metod: Sağ ve sol göz için ortalama iOSKÇ değerleri sırasıyla (iOSKÇsağ) ve (iOSKÇsol) olarak ölçülmüştür. OiOSKÇ (iOSKÇsağ ve iOSKÇsol değerlerinin ortalamaları) ve FiOSKÇ (YBÜ 'de kabul anında ve sonlanım anında ölçülen OiOSKÇ değerlerinin farkı) hesaplandı.
Sonuçlar: İnkraniyal patolojisi olmayan 35 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hayatta kalan ve kalmayan hastalar arasında FiOSKÇ ölçümleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir (sırasıyla -0.35 [(-0.85)-(-0.10)], 0.60 [(0.21)-(1.00)] mm, p=0.0001). SOFA, APACHE II skoru ve FiOSKÇ ölçümleri arasında yapılan çok değişkenli analize göre FiOSKÇ mortalite açısından bağımsız risk faktörü olarak tespit edilmiştir (p=0.033, OR=10.66 %95 CI [1.21-93.92]). 0.25 mm'den büyük bir FiOSKÇ değerinin %75 sensitivite ve %95 spesifite ile mortalite açısından bir gösterge olduğu tespit edilmiştir. FiOSKÇ ölçümleri ile SOFA, total sıvı dengesi, sepsis durumu, serum albumin düzeyi ve GKS arasında iyi korelasyon tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Ultrasonografi ile yapılan seri iOSKÇ ölçümleri akut veya kronik intrakraniyal patolojisi olmayan hastalarda mortalite belirteci olarak kullanılabilir.

References

  • Vincent JL, Moreno R. Clinical review: scoring systems in the critically ill. Crit Care. 2010; 14: 207. doi: 10.1186/cc8204.
  • Jones AE, Trzeciak S, Kline JA. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score for predicting outcome in patients with severe sepsis and evidence of hypoperfusion at the time of emergency department presentation. Crit Care Med. 2009; 37: 1649-54. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819def97.
  • García-Gigorro R, Sáez-de la Fuente I, Marín Mateos H, et al. Utility of SOFA and Δ-SOFA scores for predicting outcome in critically ill patients from the emergency department. Eur J Emerg Med 2018; 25: 387-93. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000472.
  • Holder AL, Overton E, Lyu P, et al. Serial Daily Organ Failure Assessment Beyond ICU Day 5 Does Not Independently Add Precision to ICU Risk-of-Death Prediction. Crit Care Med. 2017; 45: 2014-22. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002708.
  • Zhang X, Medow JE, Iskandar BJ, et al. Invasive and noninvasive means of measuring intracranial pressure: a review. Physiol Meas. 2017; 38: 143-82. doi: 10.1088/1361-6579/aa7256.
  • Soldatos T, Chatzimichail K, Papathanasiou M, et al. Optic nerve sonography: a new window for the non-invasive evaluation of intracranial pressure in brain injury. Emerg Med J. 2009; 26: 630-4.
  • Topcuoglu MA, Arsava EM, Bas DF, et al. Transorbital Ultrasonographic Measurement of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Brain Death. J Neuroimaging. 2015; 25: 906-9.
  • Hayreh S.S. (2011) Structure of the Optic Nerve. In: Ischemic Optic Neuropathies. Berlin, Heidelberg: doi: Springer. 10.1007/978-3-642-11852-4_2
  • Rama Rao KV, Jayakumar AR, Norenberg MD. Brain edema in acute liver failure: mechanisms and concepts. Metab Brain Dis. 2014; 29: 927-36.
  • Song TT, Bi YH, Gao YQ, et al. Systemic pro-inflammatory response facilitates the development of cerebral edema during short hypoxia. J Neuroinflammation. 2016; 13: 63. doi: 10.1186/s12974-016-0528-4.
  • Papadopoulos MC, Verkman AS. Aquaporin-4 and brain edema. Pediatr Nephrol. 2007; 22: 778-84.
  • Hayreh SS. Pathogenesis of optic disc edema in raised intracranial pressure. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2016; 50: 108-44.
  • Oyama T, Abe H, Ushiki T. The connective tissue and glial framework in the optic nerve head of the normal human eye: light and scanning electron microscopic studies. Arch Histol Cytol. 2006; 69: 341-56.
  • Raboel PH, Bartek J Jr, Andresen M, et al. Intracranial Pressure Monitoring: Invasive versus Non-Invasive Methods-A Review. Crit Care Res Pract. 2012; 2012: 950393. doi:10.1155/2012/950393.
  • Carney N, Totten AM, O'Reilly C, et al. Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Fourth Edition. Neurosurgery. 2017; 80: 6-15. doi:10.1227/NEU.0000000000001432.

Can Serial Internal Optic Nerve Sheath Diameters Measured with Ultrasonography Predict the Prognosis of Medical Intensive Care Patients?

Year 2022, Volume: 55 Issue: 2, 70 - 73, 31.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.20492/aeahtd.942852

Abstract

Aim: Optic nerve sheath (ONS) contains subarachnoid space, pia mater layer, and optic nerve fiber layer. ONS diamater (ONSD) without subarachnoid space is known as internal ONSD (iONSD). There are too many astrocytes and vascular network in iONSD area. Astrocytes are known to swell with systemic infection, inflammation, pro-inflammatory cytokines, some metabolic disorders, and oxidative stress. Also, this vascular network can vary by many ICU pathologies. This study investigated the relationship between serial iONSD measured with USG and the prognosis of critically ill patients who had no intracranial pathologies.
Material and method: The mean iONSD values for the right eye (RiONSD) and left eye (LiONSD) were measured. MiONSD (the mean of RiONSD and LiONSD) and DiONSD (the difference of final and admission MiONSD of ICU stay) were calculated.
Results: 35 ICU patients without intracranial pathologies were included. There was a significant difference between survivors and non-survivors for DiONSD (-0.35 [(-0.85)-(-0.10)], 0.60 [(0.21)-(1.00)] mm respectively, p=0.0001). The multivariate analysis performed between DiONSD, SOFA, and APACHE II score (p=0.033, OR=10.66 %95 CI [1.21-93.92]) indicated that DiONSD was an independent risk factor for mortality. DiONSD values greater than + 0.25 mm was determined to be a predictor of mortality with 75% sensitivity and 95% specificity (LR=14.25, AUC=0.905, p=0.0001). There was a good corelation between DiONSD values and SOFA score, total fluid balance, sepsis, serum albumin level, and GCS level.
Conclusion: iONSD measurement with USG can be used to determine the prognosis of ICU patients who have no intracranial acute or chronic pathologies.

References

  • Vincent JL, Moreno R. Clinical review: scoring systems in the critically ill. Crit Care. 2010; 14: 207. doi: 10.1186/cc8204.
  • Jones AE, Trzeciak S, Kline JA. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score for predicting outcome in patients with severe sepsis and evidence of hypoperfusion at the time of emergency department presentation. Crit Care Med. 2009; 37: 1649-54. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819def97.
  • García-Gigorro R, Sáez-de la Fuente I, Marín Mateos H, et al. Utility of SOFA and Δ-SOFA scores for predicting outcome in critically ill patients from the emergency department. Eur J Emerg Med 2018; 25: 387-93. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000472.
  • Holder AL, Overton E, Lyu P, et al. Serial Daily Organ Failure Assessment Beyond ICU Day 5 Does Not Independently Add Precision to ICU Risk-of-Death Prediction. Crit Care Med. 2017; 45: 2014-22. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002708.
  • Zhang X, Medow JE, Iskandar BJ, et al. Invasive and noninvasive means of measuring intracranial pressure: a review. Physiol Meas. 2017; 38: 143-82. doi: 10.1088/1361-6579/aa7256.
  • Soldatos T, Chatzimichail K, Papathanasiou M, et al. Optic nerve sonography: a new window for the non-invasive evaluation of intracranial pressure in brain injury. Emerg Med J. 2009; 26: 630-4.
  • Topcuoglu MA, Arsava EM, Bas DF, et al. Transorbital Ultrasonographic Measurement of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Brain Death. J Neuroimaging. 2015; 25: 906-9.
  • Hayreh S.S. (2011) Structure of the Optic Nerve. In: Ischemic Optic Neuropathies. Berlin, Heidelberg: doi: Springer. 10.1007/978-3-642-11852-4_2
  • Rama Rao KV, Jayakumar AR, Norenberg MD. Brain edema in acute liver failure: mechanisms and concepts. Metab Brain Dis. 2014; 29: 927-36.
  • Song TT, Bi YH, Gao YQ, et al. Systemic pro-inflammatory response facilitates the development of cerebral edema during short hypoxia. J Neuroinflammation. 2016; 13: 63. doi: 10.1186/s12974-016-0528-4.
  • Papadopoulos MC, Verkman AS. Aquaporin-4 and brain edema. Pediatr Nephrol. 2007; 22: 778-84.
  • Hayreh SS. Pathogenesis of optic disc edema in raised intracranial pressure. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2016; 50: 108-44.
  • Oyama T, Abe H, Ushiki T. The connective tissue and glial framework in the optic nerve head of the normal human eye: light and scanning electron microscopic studies. Arch Histol Cytol. 2006; 69: 341-56.
  • Raboel PH, Bartek J Jr, Andresen M, et al. Intracranial Pressure Monitoring: Invasive versus Non-Invasive Methods-A Review. Crit Care Res Pract. 2012; 2012: 950393. doi:10.1155/2012/950393.
  • Carney N, Totten AM, O'Reilly C, et al. Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Fourth Edition. Neurosurgery. 2017; 80: 6-15. doi:10.1227/NEU.0000000000001432.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Original research article
Authors

Uğur Özdemir 0000-0002-8738-3512

Şeyma Yıldız This is me 0000-0001-5942-2361

Derya Tanburoğlu

Melda Türkoğlu This is me 0000-0003-4043-7082

Gulbin Aygencel 0000-0002-8856-5019

Publication Date August 31, 2022
Submission Date October 17, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 55 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA Özdemir U, Yıldız Ş, Tanburoğlu D, Türkoğlu M, Aygencel G. Can Serial Internal Optic Nerve Sheath Diameters Measured with Ultrasonography Predict the Prognosis of Medical Intensive Care Patients?. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi. August 2022;55(2):70-73. doi:10.20492/aeahtd.942852