Retrospective Determination of Hospital Gestational Diabetes Prevalence and the Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Purpose: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the disorder of glucose regulation of pregnant women. Its frequency is increas-ing in the world and in our country. Women with GDM are also at risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2 DM). The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the prevalence of GDM and the risk of developing Type 2 DM after delivery in preg-nant women attended routine pregnancy follow-ups in the Internal Medicine and Obstetrics Clinic of Ümraniye Education and Research Hospital between December 2012 and November 2017. Materials and Methods: Data of 32.857 pregnant women were examined from December 2012 to November 2017. 1.108 women with positive GDM results were identified with glucose tolerance tests. Complete medical records of 300 pregnant women were documented for their demographic characteristics. Furthermore, the 5-year postpartum period of these patients was analyzed to identify those who developed Type 2 DM. Results: Hospital data showed a GDM prevalence of 3.37% and an average maternal age of 32.49 years (18-48). Notably, 21% (63 patients) of the GDM group developed Type 2 DM, diagnosed on average 3.1 years later (2-5 years range). Conclusion: The GDM prevalence in our study aligns with data from Turkey and worldwide. Our findings highlights the increased risk of T2DM in patients with a history of GDM and a significant association between advanced maternal age and GDM prevalence. Implementing public health policies focusing on life style modifications and awareness campaigns may help reduce GDM incidence and its long-term complications.

Keywords

• maternal health
• oral glucose tolerance test
• postpartum diabetes
• risk factor

Hastane Gestasyonel Diyabet Prevelansının Retrospektif Belirlenmesi ve Tip 2 Diyabet Geliştirme Riski

Abstract

Amaç: Gestasyonel Diyabetus Mellitus (GDM), gebelerde glukoz regülasyonunun bozulmasına denir. Dünyada ve ülkemizde sıklığı giderek artmaktadır. GDM’li kadınlar Tip 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2 DM) açısındanda risk altındadırlar. Bu retrospektif kohort çalışmanın amacı, Ümraniye Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Aralık 2012 ile Kasım 2017 arasındaki dönemde Dahiliye ve Doğum Kliniği'nde rutin gebelik takiplerine katılan gebelerde GDM prevalansını ve doğum sonrası Tip 2 DM gelişme riskini değerlendirmektir. Araçlar ve Yöntem: Aralık 2012- Kasım 2017 tarihleri arasından seçilmiş 32.857 gebe kadının verileri incelendi. Glukoz yükleme testleri sonucu GDM pozitif olan 1.108 kadın tespit edildi.Tıbbi kayıtları eksiksiz olan 300 gebe demografik özellikleri ile belgelendi.Ayrıca Tip 2 DM geliştirenleri belirlemek için bu hastaların doğum sonrası 5 yıllık süreci analiz edildi. Bulgular: Hastane verilerimizde GDM prevalansının %3.37 olduğu ve ortalama anne yaşının 32.49 (18-48) olduğu görüldü. Özellikle GDM grubunun %21'inde (63 hasta), ortalama 3.1 yıl sonra (2-5 yıl aralığı) teşhis edilen Tip 2 DM gelişmiştir. Sonuç: Çalışmamızdaki GDM prevalansı Türkiye ve dünya çapındaki verilerle uyumludur. Bulgularımız GDM öyküsü olan hastalarda T2DM riskinin arttığını ve ileri anne yaşı ile GDM prevalansı arasında önemli bir ilişki olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Yaşam tarzı değişikliklerine ve farkındalık kampanyalarına odaklanan halk sağlığı politikalarının uygulanması GDM insidansını ve uzun vadeli komplikasyonlarını azaltmaya yardımcı olabilir.

Keywords

• anne sağlığı
• oral glukoz tolerans testi
• postpartum diyabet
• risk faktörü

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