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Sıçan Ependim Hücrelerinde Aquaporin 4 Kanallarının İmmünohistokimyasal Dağılımı ve Glimfatik Sisteme Etkisi

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 41 - 46, 19.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.46332/aemj.782753

Abstract

Amaç: Nörodejeneratif hastalıklar çağımızın en önemli sağlık sorunlarından biridir. Lenfatik sisteme sahip olmayan beyin gibi kritik bir organda, zaman içerisinde biriken toksik maddeleri temizleyen alternatif bir mekanizmaya ihtiyaç vardır ve buna ‘glimfatik sistem’ adı verilmiştir. Glimfatik sistem, beyin interstisyel sıvısında biriken atık maddelerin, beyin omurilik sıvısı ve astrositik aquaporin-4 kanalları aracılığıyla, beyin parankiminden temizlenmesidir. Glimfatik sistemin etkinliğinin korunması, nörodejeneratif hastalıkların gelişimini azaltır. Önceki çalışmalar astrositik aquaporin-4 kanallarının, glimfatik sistem üzerinde rolü olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Aquaporin-4 kanallarının ependim hücrelerinde de gösterilmesi, glimfatik sistemin işleyişinde bu hücrelerin de rolü olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı fotoperiyotların ve melatonin alımının, ependimal aquaporin-4 kanal ekspresyonuna ve buna bağlı olarak da glimfatik sisteme olan etkisini araştırmaktır.
Araçlar ve Yöntem: Çalışma, Wistar Albino cinsi dişi sıçanlar da, üç grupta gerçekleştirildi (n=7). Gruplar sırasıyla dört hafta süreyle; kısa fotoperiyot, uzun fotoperiyot ve uzun fotoperiyot + melatonine (4 mg/kg/gün) maruz bırakıldı ve daha sonra beyin dokuları eksize edildi. III. ventrikül ve etraf beyin dokuları, immünohistokimyasal tekniklerle aquaporin-4 ve melatonin-1 reseptör antikorlarıyla işaretlenip, semikantitatif olarak skorlandı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde Ki-kare testi kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Hem kısa fotoperiyot grubunda, hem de uzun fotoperiyot + melatonin grubunda, diğer uzun fotoperiyot grubuna göre, istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir şekilde, aquaporin-4 kanalları ile melatonin-1 reseptörlerinin daha yoğun olarak işaretlendiği görüldü (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada kısa fotoperiyot grubu ile uzun fotoperiyot + melatonin grubunda, ependimal aquaporin-4 kanallarıyla melatonin reseptörlerinin birlikte yoğun olarak işaretlenmesi, melatonin hormonunun da glimfatik sistemin işleyişinde düzenleyici olduğunu düşündürmektedir.

References

  • 1. Földi M. The brain and the lymphatic system. Lymphology. 1996;29(1):1-8.
  • 2. Verkman AS, Mitra AK. Structure and function of aquaporin water channels. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2000;278(1):13-28.
  • 3. Iliff JJ, Lee H, Yu M, et al. Brain-wide pathway for waste clearance captured by contrast-enhanced MRI. J Clin Invest. 2013;123(3):1299-1309.
  • 4. Nedergaard M. Garbage Truck of the Brain. Science. 2013;340(6140):1529-1530.
  • 5. Iliff JJ, Wang M, Liao Y, et al. A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid β. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4(147):147ra111
  • 6. Walz T, Fujiyoshi Y, Engel A. The AQP structure and functional implications. Beitz E, editor. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Berlin: Springer; 2009:31-56.
  • 7. Tani K, Mitsuma T, Hiroaki Y, et al. Mechanism of aquaporin-4's fast and highly selective water conduction and proton exclusion. J Mol Biol. 2009;389(4):694-706.
  • 8. Gunnarson E, Zelenina M, Aperia A. Regulation of brain aquaporins. Neuroscience. 2004;129(4):945- 953.
  • 9. Venero JL, Vizuete ML, Machado A, Cano J. Aquaporins in the central nervous system. Prog Neurobıol. 2001;63(3):321-336.
  • 10. McAllister JP, Miller JM. Aquaporin 4 and hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg. 2006;105(6):457-458.
  • 11. Nagelhus EA, Ottersen OP. Physiological roles of aquaporin-4 in brain. Physiol Rev. 2013;93(4):1543- 1562.
  • 12. Arendt J, Skene DJ. Melatonin as a chronobiotic. Sleep Med Rev. 2005;9(1):25-39.
  • 13. Schulz P, Steimer T. Neurobiology of circadian systems. CNS Drugs. 2009;23(2):3-13.
  • 14. Liebmann PM, Wolfler A, Felsner P, Hofer D, Schauenstein K. Melatonin and the immune system. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1997;112(3):203-211.
  • 15. Sarnat HB. Role of human fetal ependyma. Pediatr Neurol. 1992;8(3):163-178.
  • 16. Öztaş B. Merkezi sinir sistemi enfeksiyonlarında kan- beyin bariyerinin ve beyin omurilik sıvısının klinik önemi. Klimik Derg. 1992;1(3):140-144.
  • 17. Yang J, Lunde LK, Nuntagij P, et al. Loss of astrocyte polarization in the tg-ArcSwe mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;27(4):711-722.
  • 18. Lee DJ, Amini M, Hamamura MJ, et al. Aquaporin- 4-dependent edema clearance following status epilepticus. Epilepsy Res. 2012;98(2-3):264-268.
  • 19. Weller RO, Subash M, Preston SD, Mazanti I, Carare RO. Perivascular drainage of amyloid-beta peptides from the brain and its failure in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol. 2008;18(2):253-266.
  • 20. Szczepkowska A, Skowroński MT, Kowalewska M, Milewski S, Skipor J. Effect of melatonin from slow- release implants on aquaporins (AQP1 and AQP4) in the ovine choroid plexus. Czech J Anim Sci. 2017;63(1):32-42.
  • 21. Kaur C, Sivakumar V, Zhang Y, Ling EA. Hypoxia- induced astrocytic reaction and increased vascular per¬meability in the rat cerebellum. Glia. 2006;54(8):826–839.
  • 22. Nesic O, Lee J, Unabia GC, et al. Aquaporin 1–a novel player in spinal cord injury. J Neurochem. 2008;105(3):628-640.
  • 23. Hunter CM, Figueiro MG. Measuring Light at Night and Melatonin Levels in Shift Workers: A Review of the Literature. Biol Res Nurs. 2017;19(4): 365-374.
  • 24. Wei T, Li C, Heng Y, et al. Association between Night-Shift-Work and Level of Melatonin: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol. 2020;23:10:1006
  • 25. Mollaoğlu H, Özgüner MF. Yaşlanma sürecinde melatoninin rolü. SDÜ Tıp Fak Derg. 2005;12(3):52- 56.
  • 26. Jenner P. Oxidative Stress in Parkinson’s Disease. Ann Neurol. 2003;53(3):26-38.
  • 27. Wang X. The antiapoptotic activity of melatonin in neurodegenerative diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009;15(4):345-357.

The Evaluation of Immunohistochemical Expression of Aquaporin 4 Channels of Ependymal Cells and It’s Effects on Glymphatic System in The Rats

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 41 - 46, 19.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.46332/aemj.782753

Abstract

Purpose: Neurodegenerative diseases are one of the important health problems. Brain has a distinctive mechanism, known as
"glymphatic system”, to clean toxic substances accumulating in time. This system removes waste material accumulated in interstitial
fluid of brain, through the cerebrospinal fluid and astrocytic aquaporin-4 channels from parenchyma. Maintaining the effectiveness of
glymphatic system, reduces the development of these diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated the role of astrocytic aquaporin-4
channels on glimphatic system. Aquaporin-4 channels were also shown to be present in ependymal cells, suggesting the role for these
cells in glymphatic system function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different photoperiods and melatonin intake on
glimphatic system via ependymal aquaporin-4 channel expression.
Materials and methods: The study was carried out in three groups of female Wistar Albino rats (n=7). The rats in groups were
exposed to short photoperiod, long photoperiod and long photoperiod + melatonin (4 mg/kg/day) for four weeks and then brain tissues
were removed. The 3rd ventricule and surrounding brain tissues were labeled with aquaporin-4 and melatonin-1 receptor antibodies
by immunohistochemical techniques, and scored semi quantitatively.
Results: Aquaporin-4 channels and melatonin-1 receptors were marked more intensely in both short photoperiod group and long
photoperiod + melatonin group compared to long photoperiod group (p<0,05).
Conclusion: İn this study, intense labeling of melatonin receptors together with ependymal aquaporin-4 channels in short photoperiod
and long photoperiod + melatonin group suggests that melatonin hormone is also a regulator for the glymphatic system.

References

  • 1. Földi M. The brain and the lymphatic system. Lymphology. 1996;29(1):1-8.
  • 2. Verkman AS, Mitra AK. Structure and function of aquaporin water channels. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2000;278(1):13-28.
  • 3. Iliff JJ, Lee H, Yu M, et al. Brain-wide pathway for waste clearance captured by contrast-enhanced MRI. J Clin Invest. 2013;123(3):1299-1309.
  • 4. Nedergaard M. Garbage Truck of the Brain. Science. 2013;340(6140):1529-1530.
  • 5. Iliff JJ, Wang M, Liao Y, et al. A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid β. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4(147):147ra111
  • 6. Walz T, Fujiyoshi Y, Engel A. The AQP structure and functional implications. Beitz E, editor. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Berlin: Springer; 2009:31-56.
  • 7. Tani K, Mitsuma T, Hiroaki Y, et al. Mechanism of aquaporin-4's fast and highly selective water conduction and proton exclusion. J Mol Biol. 2009;389(4):694-706.
  • 8. Gunnarson E, Zelenina M, Aperia A. Regulation of brain aquaporins. Neuroscience. 2004;129(4):945- 953.
  • 9. Venero JL, Vizuete ML, Machado A, Cano J. Aquaporins in the central nervous system. Prog Neurobıol. 2001;63(3):321-336.
  • 10. McAllister JP, Miller JM. Aquaporin 4 and hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg. 2006;105(6):457-458.
  • 11. Nagelhus EA, Ottersen OP. Physiological roles of aquaporin-4 in brain. Physiol Rev. 2013;93(4):1543- 1562.
  • 12. Arendt J, Skene DJ. Melatonin as a chronobiotic. Sleep Med Rev. 2005;9(1):25-39.
  • 13. Schulz P, Steimer T. Neurobiology of circadian systems. CNS Drugs. 2009;23(2):3-13.
  • 14. Liebmann PM, Wolfler A, Felsner P, Hofer D, Schauenstein K. Melatonin and the immune system. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1997;112(3):203-211.
  • 15. Sarnat HB. Role of human fetal ependyma. Pediatr Neurol. 1992;8(3):163-178.
  • 16. Öztaş B. Merkezi sinir sistemi enfeksiyonlarında kan- beyin bariyerinin ve beyin omurilik sıvısının klinik önemi. Klimik Derg. 1992;1(3):140-144.
  • 17. Yang J, Lunde LK, Nuntagij P, et al. Loss of astrocyte polarization in the tg-ArcSwe mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;27(4):711-722.
  • 18. Lee DJ, Amini M, Hamamura MJ, et al. Aquaporin- 4-dependent edema clearance following status epilepticus. Epilepsy Res. 2012;98(2-3):264-268.
  • 19. Weller RO, Subash M, Preston SD, Mazanti I, Carare RO. Perivascular drainage of amyloid-beta peptides from the brain and its failure in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol. 2008;18(2):253-266.
  • 20. Szczepkowska A, Skowroński MT, Kowalewska M, Milewski S, Skipor J. Effect of melatonin from slow- release implants on aquaporins (AQP1 and AQP4) in the ovine choroid plexus. Czech J Anim Sci. 2017;63(1):32-42.
  • 21. Kaur C, Sivakumar V, Zhang Y, Ling EA. Hypoxia- induced astrocytic reaction and increased vascular per¬meability in the rat cerebellum. Glia. 2006;54(8):826–839.
  • 22. Nesic O, Lee J, Unabia GC, et al. Aquaporin 1–a novel player in spinal cord injury. J Neurochem. 2008;105(3):628-640.
  • 23. Hunter CM, Figueiro MG. Measuring Light at Night and Melatonin Levels in Shift Workers: A Review of the Literature. Biol Res Nurs. 2017;19(4): 365-374.
  • 24. Wei T, Li C, Heng Y, et al. Association between Night-Shift-Work and Level of Melatonin: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol. 2020;23:10:1006
  • 25. Mollaoğlu H, Özgüner MF. Yaşlanma sürecinde melatoninin rolü. SDÜ Tıp Fak Derg. 2005;12(3):52- 56.
  • 26. Jenner P. Oxidative Stress in Parkinson’s Disease. Ann Neurol. 2003;53(3):26-38.
  • 27. Wang X. The antiapoptotic activity of melatonin in neurodegenerative diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009;15(4):345-357.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Fatih Taş 0000-0001-9817-4241

Ender Erdoğan 0000-0002-6220-9243

Publication Date August 19, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Taş, F., & Erdoğan, E. (2020). Sıçan Ependim Hücrelerinde Aquaporin 4 Kanallarının İmmünohistokimyasal Dağılımı ve Glimfatik Sisteme Etkisi. Ahi Evran Medical Journal, 4(2), 41-46. https://doi.org/10.46332/aemj.782753
AMA Taş F, Erdoğan E. Sıçan Ependim Hücrelerinde Aquaporin 4 Kanallarının İmmünohistokimyasal Dağılımı ve Glimfatik Sisteme Etkisi. Ahi Evran Med J. August 2020;4(2):41-46. doi:10.46332/aemj.782753
Chicago Taş, Fatih, and Ender Erdoğan. “Sıçan Ependim Hücrelerinde Aquaporin 4 Kanallarının İmmünohistokimyasal Dağılımı Ve Glimfatik Sisteme Etkisi”. Ahi Evran Medical Journal 4, no. 2 (August 2020): 41-46. https://doi.org/10.46332/aemj.782753.
EndNote Taş F, Erdoğan E (August 1, 2020) Sıçan Ependim Hücrelerinde Aquaporin 4 Kanallarının İmmünohistokimyasal Dağılımı ve Glimfatik Sisteme Etkisi. Ahi Evran Medical Journal 4 2 41–46.
IEEE F. Taş and E. Erdoğan, “Sıçan Ependim Hücrelerinde Aquaporin 4 Kanallarının İmmünohistokimyasal Dağılımı ve Glimfatik Sisteme Etkisi”, Ahi Evran Med J, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 41–46, 2020, doi: 10.46332/aemj.782753.
ISNAD Taş, Fatih - Erdoğan, Ender. “Sıçan Ependim Hücrelerinde Aquaporin 4 Kanallarının İmmünohistokimyasal Dağılımı Ve Glimfatik Sisteme Etkisi”. Ahi Evran Medical Journal 4/2 (August 2020), 41-46. https://doi.org/10.46332/aemj.782753.
JAMA Taş F, Erdoğan E. Sıçan Ependim Hücrelerinde Aquaporin 4 Kanallarının İmmünohistokimyasal Dağılımı ve Glimfatik Sisteme Etkisi. Ahi Evran Med J. 2020;4:41–46.
MLA Taş, Fatih and Ender Erdoğan. “Sıçan Ependim Hücrelerinde Aquaporin 4 Kanallarının İmmünohistokimyasal Dağılımı Ve Glimfatik Sisteme Etkisi”. Ahi Evran Medical Journal, vol. 4, no. 2, 2020, pp. 41-46, doi:10.46332/aemj.782753.
Vancouver Taş F, Erdoğan E. Sıçan Ependim Hücrelerinde Aquaporin 4 Kanallarının İmmünohistokimyasal Dağılımı ve Glimfatik Sisteme Etkisi. Ahi Evran Med J. 2020;4(2):41-6.

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