Abstract

ABD’de gerçekleştirilen 9/11 terör saldırısının ardından karar alıcılar Bush Doktrini diye bilinen yeni bir doktrini uygulamaya koyarak uluslararası sistemde terörle bağlantısı olan veya teröristleri barındıran her hangi bir ülkeye karşı savaş açtıklarını ilan ettiler. Bu nedenle, Irak yeni doktrin ekseninde “hedef ülkelerden” birisi haline geldi. ABD ileri bir adım daha atarak, Irak halkını özgürleştirecekleri ve ülkeye demokrasi getirecekleri iddiasıyla 2003 yılında müttefikleriyle birlikte Irak’ı işgal etti. Saddam rejimi yıkılarak yerine yeni bir rejim getirildi. Saddam rejimi sonrasında ülkenin yeni yönetici elitleri büyük oranda Şiilerden seçilirken, Sünniler Irak’ın yeni politik sisteminin dışında kaldı. ABD’nin siyasi manevraları ülkede tansiyonu ve etnik-mezhep ayrılığını tetikledi. Açıkça ifade etmek gerekirse, 2003 Irak savaşı/işgalinin ardından Amerika’nın dış politika uygulamaları, yalnızca ülkenin belli başlı İslami mezhepleri (Sünniler ve Şiiler) arasındaki çatışmaları/bölünmeyi alevlendirmekle kalmadı, aynı zamanda ağırlıklı olarak Kürtler ve Araplar arasındaki “etnik yarığı” da genişletti. Alandaki bilimsel verilere dayanarak, araştırma temel olarak ABD öncülüğündeki 2013 askeri işgalin/Irak Savaşı'nın ve Irak'a yönelik politikasının Irak'ta süregelen iç istikrarsızlık üzerinde etkili olduğunu bilimsel kaynaklara dayanarak ortaya koymuştur.

Keywords

• Irak
• Etnik-Mezhep Ayırımı
• 2003 ABD İşgali
• Saddam Rejimi
• Amerikan Dış Politikası

Understanding Iraq’s Persistent Domestic Instability: A Revisit to the 2003 Iraq War and the Effect of the US Foreign Policy.

Abstract

After the terrorist attacks of 9/11 in the heart of the United States (US), the US policymakers implemented a new doctrine known as the Bush Doctrine and declared war on any country in the international system which has a connection with terrorism or shelters the terrorists. In line with this, Iraq became one of “the target countries” on the axis of the new US doctrine. They took a further step and invaded Iraq with their allies in 2003 by claiming that they would liberate the Iraqi people from the authoritarian regime and bring democracy to Iraq. Toppling Saddam Hussein, the US implemented a new political regime in the country. In the post-Saddam regime, Iraq’s new ruling elites were mainly chosen from the Shiites. On the other hand, the Sunnis stayed at the periphery of the emerging Iraqi political system. The US political manoeuvres triggered ethnic and sectarian (ethno-sectarian) segregation as well as a tense political environment in Iraq. To put it clearly, the practices of the US foreign policy in the aftermath of the 2003 Iraq war/invasion not only inflamed the conflicts/divide between the major Islamic sects (the Sunni and the Shiite Muslims) but also widened “the ethnic rift”, mainly between the Kurds and the Arabs in the country. The ethno-sectarian segregation among the Iraqi people highly affected the domestic political stability in the country. Depending on the scientific data in the field, this research has mainly revealed that the 2013 US-led military invasion/Iraq War and the US policy towards Iraq had an impact on the persistent domestic instability in Iraq.

Keywords

• Iraq War,
• Ethnic and Sectarian Segregation,
• The 2003 US-led invasion
• The Saddam Regime
• The US Foreign Policy

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