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Year 2014, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 100 - 122, 01.06.2014

Abstract

References

  • Agbese, P. O., ed. 2004. The Military and Politics in Africa: From Engagement to Democratic and Constitutional Control. England: Ashgate Publishing Limited, pp. 53-55.
  • Al Jazeera Center for Studies, 2013. French Intervention in Mali: Causes and Consequences. Doha: Al Jazeera Center for Studies, pg. 3.
  • Chasles, J.M., 2011. Nicolas Sarkozy’s African Policy in the Context of Franco-Chadian Relations. Dynamiques Internationales, Vol. 4., pg. 4.
  • Conte, B., 1997. France’s African Aid Policy: The End of an Era? Review of African
  • Political Economy, Vol. 24, No. 71, pg. 141.
  • Cumming, G., 1995. French Development Assistance to Africa: Towards a New Agen- da? African Affairs, Vol. 94, No. 376, pp. 397-398.
  • Degang, S. and Zoubir, Y., 2011. Sentry Box in the Backyard: Analysis of French Military Bases in Africa. Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), Vol. 5, No., 3, pg. 90.
  • Engel, U. and Olsen, G.R., 2005. Africa and the North: between Globalization and Margin- alization: New York: Routledge, pp. 43-4.
  • EUROSTAT, 2010. France’s economic relations with Africa published by EUROSTAT, Revival of EU 27 trade in goods with Africa, STAT/10/178, 26 November 2010.
  • Evanno, P., 2013. By Getting out of the Western Contradictions: France May Win in Mali. African Perspective, No:1-1, pg. 1.
  • Federation of American Scientist, 2012. Status of World Nuclear Forces. Available from: http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/nukestatus.html (Ac- cessed 10 March 2013).
  • Fenwick, L., 2009. British and French Styles of Influence in Colonial and Independent Africa: A Comparative Study of Kenya and Senegal. Washington, D.C.: American Univer- sity, pp. 2-5.
  • France Diplomatie, 2010. Africa-France Summit, Final Declaration, 1 June 2010. Avail- able from: http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/IMG/pdf/2010_Africa-France_ Summit_Final_Declaration-2.pdf (Accessed 30 May 2013).
  • France 24, 2010. French Military Bases in Dakar to Close Doors. Available from: http:// www.france24.com/en/20100220-french-military-bases-dakar-close-doors (Ac- cessed 7 June 2013).
  • Francis, D. J., 2013. The Regional Impact of the Armed Conflict and French Intervention in Mali. Norway: Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre, pg. 6.
  • Hance, W. A., 1975. The Geography of Modern Africa. (2nd ed.). New York: Colomnia University Press, pg. 85.
  • Hrituleac, A., 2011. The Effects of Colonialism on African Economic Development: A Compara- tive Analysis between Ethiopia, Senegal and Uganda. Aarhus: Aarhus University, pg. 36.
  • Iliffe, J., 2007. Africans: The History of a Continent. Cambridge: Cambridge University, pg. 195.
  • International Monetary Fund, 2012. World Economic Outlook Database. Available from:
  • http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/index.aspx (Accessed 10 March 2013).
  • Iverson, A.W.P., 2007. From Eurafrica to Multilateralism: The Europeanization of France’s Africa Policy. Vancouver, B. C.: University of Brtish Colombia, pp. 16-17.
  • Korner, H., 2002. The Franc Zone of West and Central Africa: A Satellite System of European Monetary Union. Intereconomics, Vol. 37, No. 4., pp. 199-201.
  • Kieh, G. K. Jr., 2004. “Military Engagement in Politics in Africa” in Kieh, G. K. Jr. and Agbese, P. O. (Editors), The Military and Politics in Africa: From Engagement to Democratic and Constitutional Control. England: Ashgate Publishing Limited, pp. 53-55.
  • Klein, M., 1998. Slavery and Colonial Rule in French West Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University, pg. 22.
  • Manning, P., 2004. Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa: 1880-1995. Cambridge: Cambridge University, pp. 75-6.
  • Marks, T. A., 1974. Djibouti: France’s Strategic Toehold in Africa. African Affairs, Vol. 73, No. 290, pg. 96.
  • Marshall, B., 2005. France and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History. California: ABC-CLIO, pg. 474.
  • Martin, G., 1985. The Historical, Economic, and Political Bases of France’s African Poli- cy. The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 23, No.2., pg.191.
  • Martin, G., 2000. France’s African Policy in Transition: Disengagement and Redeployment. Illinois: University of Illinois, pp. 7-13.
  • Melly, P. and Darracq, V., 2013. A New Way to Engage? French Policy in Africa from Sarkozy to Hollande. London: Chatham House, pg. 12.
  • Moncrieff, R., 2012. French Africa Policy: Sarkozy’s Legacy, and Prospects for a Hollande Presidency. South African Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 19, No. 3, pg. 362.
  • Ogunmola, D., 2009. Redesiging Cooperation: The Eschatology of Franco-African Rela- tions. Journal of social Sciences, Vol. 19, No. 3., pg. 236.
  • Pepy, M. D., 1970. France’s Relations with Africa. African Affairs, Vol. 69, No. 275, pp. 158-159.
  • Shin, Won Yong., 2010. French Foreign Policy towards Africa under Jacques Chirac. The Mediterranean Review, Vol. 3, No. 2, pg. 76.
  • Siradag, A., 2012. Causes, Rationales and Dynamics: Exploring the Strategic SecurityP- artnership Between the European Union and Africa. Leiden: Leiden University.
  • Siradag, A., 2012. EU-AU Strategic Partnership on Security: The Case of Africa. USA.: LAP Lambert Academic Pulishing, pp. 270-272.
  • Smith, B. C., 2003. Understanding Third World Politics: Theories of Political Change and Development. (2nd ed.). Indiana: Indiana University Press, pg. 76.
  • Staniland, M., 1987. Francophone Africa: The Enduring French Connection. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 489, pg. 52.
  • Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2011. The 15 Countries with the high- est military expenditure in 2011. Available from: http://www.sipri.org/research/ armaments/milex/resultoutput/milex_15/the-15-countries-with-the-highest- military-expenditure-in-2011-table/view (Accessed 10 March 2013).
  • United Nation. Financing Peacekeeping. Available from: http://www.un.org/en/peace- keeping/operations/financing.shtml (Accessed 30 May 2013).
  • United Nation, 1997. Reinforcement of African Peace-keeping Capacities (RECAMP). Availabe from: http://www.un.int/france/frame_anglais/france_and_un/france_ and_peacekeeping/recamp_eng.htm (Accessed 30 May 2013).
  • University of Princeton, 2013. Military of France. Available from: http://www.princ- eton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Military_of_France.html (Accessed 10 March 2013).
  • Utley, R., 2002. Not To Do Less But To Do Better: French Military Policy in Africa. International Affairs, Vol. 78, No. 1, pg. 130.
  • World Bank, 2011. Gross Domestic Product 2011. Available from: http://databank. worldbank.org/databank/download/GDP.pdf (Accessed 10 March 2013).

Understanding French Foreign and Security Policy towards Africa: Pragmatism or Altruism

Year 2014, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 100 - 122, 01.06.2014

Abstract

France has deep economic, political and historical relations with Africa, dating back to the 17th century. Since the independence of the former colonial countries in Africa in the 1950s and 1960s, France has continued to maintain its economic and political relations with its former colonies. Importantly, France has a special strategic security partnership with the African countries. It has intervened militarily in Africa more than 50 times since 1960. France has especially continued to use its military power to strengthen its economic, political and strategic relations with Africa. For instance, it deployed its military troops in Mali in January 2013 and in the Central African Republic in December 2013. Why does France actively get involved in Africa militarily? This research will particularly uncover the main motivations behind the French foreign and security policy in Africa

References

  • Agbese, P. O., ed. 2004. The Military and Politics in Africa: From Engagement to Democratic and Constitutional Control. England: Ashgate Publishing Limited, pp. 53-55.
  • Al Jazeera Center for Studies, 2013. French Intervention in Mali: Causes and Consequences. Doha: Al Jazeera Center for Studies, pg. 3.
  • Chasles, J.M., 2011. Nicolas Sarkozy’s African Policy in the Context of Franco-Chadian Relations. Dynamiques Internationales, Vol. 4., pg. 4.
  • Conte, B., 1997. France’s African Aid Policy: The End of an Era? Review of African
  • Political Economy, Vol. 24, No. 71, pg. 141.
  • Cumming, G., 1995. French Development Assistance to Africa: Towards a New Agen- da? African Affairs, Vol. 94, No. 376, pp. 397-398.
  • Degang, S. and Zoubir, Y., 2011. Sentry Box in the Backyard: Analysis of French Military Bases in Africa. Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), Vol. 5, No., 3, pg. 90.
  • Engel, U. and Olsen, G.R., 2005. Africa and the North: between Globalization and Margin- alization: New York: Routledge, pp. 43-4.
  • EUROSTAT, 2010. France’s economic relations with Africa published by EUROSTAT, Revival of EU 27 trade in goods with Africa, STAT/10/178, 26 November 2010.
  • Evanno, P., 2013. By Getting out of the Western Contradictions: France May Win in Mali. African Perspective, No:1-1, pg. 1.
  • Federation of American Scientist, 2012. Status of World Nuclear Forces. Available from: http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/nukestatus.html (Ac- cessed 10 March 2013).
  • Fenwick, L., 2009. British and French Styles of Influence in Colonial and Independent Africa: A Comparative Study of Kenya and Senegal. Washington, D.C.: American Univer- sity, pp. 2-5.
  • France Diplomatie, 2010. Africa-France Summit, Final Declaration, 1 June 2010. Avail- able from: http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/IMG/pdf/2010_Africa-France_ Summit_Final_Declaration-2.pdf (Accessed 30 May 2013).
  • France 24, 2010. French Military Bases in Dakar to Close Doors. Available from: http:// www.france24.com/en/20100220-french-military-bases-dakar-close-doors (Ac- cessed 7 June 2013).
  • Francis, D. J., 2013. The Regional Impact of the Armed Conflict and French Intervention in Mali. Norway: Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre, pg. 6.
  • Hance, W. A., 1975. The Geography of Modern Africa. (2nd ed.). New York: Colomnia University Press, pg. 85.
  • Hrituleac, A., 2011. The Effects of Colonialism on African Economic Development: A Compara- tive Analysis between Ethiopia, Senegal and Uganda. Aarhus: Aarhus University, pg. 36.
  • Iliffe, J., 2007. Africans: The History of a Continent. Cambridge: Cambridge University, pg. 195.
  • International Monetary Fund, 2012. World Economic Outlook Database. Available from:
  • http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/index.aspx (Accessed 10 March 2013).
  • Iverson, A.W.P., 2007. From Eurafrica to Multilateralism: The Europeanization of France’s Africa Policy. Vancouver, B. C.: University of Brtish Colombia, pp. 16-17.
  • Korner, H., 2002. The Franc Zone of West and Central Africa: A Satellite System of European Monetary Union. Intereconomics, Vol. 37, No. 4., pp. 199-201.
  • Kieh, G. K. Jr., 2004. “Military Engagement in Politics in Africa” in Kieh, G. K. Jr. and Agbese, P. O. (Editors), The Military and Politics in Africa: From Engagement to Democratic and Constitutional Control. England: Ashgate Publishing Limited, pp. 53-55.
  • Klein, M., 1998. Slavery and Colonial Rule in French West Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University, pg. 22.
  • Manning, P., 2004. Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa: 1880-1995. Cambridge: Cambridge University, pp. 75-6.
  • Marks, T. A., 1974. Djibouti: France’s Strategic Toehold in Africa. African Affairs, Vol. 73, No. 290, pg. 96.
  • Marshall, B., 2005. France and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History. California: ABC-CLIO, pg. 474.
  • Martin, G., 1985. The Historical, Economic, and Political Bases of France’s African Poli- cy. The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 23, No.2., pg.191.
  • Martin, G., 2000. France’s African Policy in Transition: Disengagement and Redeployment. Illinois: University of Illinois, pp. 7-13.
  • Melly, P. and Darracq, V., 2013. A New Way to Engage? French Policy in Africa from Sarkozy to Hollande. London: Chatham House, pg. 12.
  • Moncrieff, R., 2012. French Africa Policy: Sarkozy’s Legacy, and Prospects for a Hollande Presidency. South African Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 19, No. 3, pg. 362.
  • Ogunmola, D., 2009. Redesiging Cooperation: The Eschatology of Franco-African Rela- tions. Journal of social Sciences, Vol. 19, No. 3., pg. 236.
  • Pepy, M. D., 1970. France’s Relations with Africa. African Affairs, Vol. 69, No. 275, pp. 158-159.
  • Shin, Won Yong., 2010. French Foreign Policy towards Africa under Jacques Chirac. The Mediterranean Review, Vol. 3, No. 2, pg. 76.
  • Siradag, A., 2012. Causes, Rationales and Dynamics: Exploring the Strategic SecurityP- artnership Between the European Union and Africa. Leiden: Leiden University.
  • Siradag, A., 2012. EU-AU Strategic Partnership on Security: The Case of Africa. USA.: LAP Lambert Academic Pulishing, pp. 270-272.
  • Smith, B. C., 2003. Understanding Third World Politics: Theories of Political Change and Development. (2nd ed.). Indiana: Indiana University Press, pg. 76.
  • Staniland, M., 1987. Francophone Africa: The Enduring French Connection. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 489, pg. 52.
  • Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2011. The 15 Countries with the high- est military expenditure in 2011. Available from: http://www.sipri.org/research/ armaments/milex/resultoutput/milex_15/the-15-countries-with-the-highest- military-expenditure-in-2011-table/view (Accessed 10 March 2013).
  • United Nation. Financing Peacekeeping. Available from: http://www.un.org/en/peace- keeping/operations/financing.shtml (Accessed 30 May 2013).
  • United Nation, 1997. Reinforcement of African Peace-keeping Capacities (RECAMP). Availabe from: http://www.un.int/france/frame_anglais/france_and_un/france_ and_peacekeeping/recamp_eng.htm (Accessed 30 May 2013).
  • University of Princeton, 2013. Military of France. Available from: http://www.princ- eton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Military_of_France.html (Accessed 10 March 2013).
  • Utley, R., 2002. Not To Do Less But To Do Better: French Military Policy in Africa. International Affairs, Vol. 78, No. 1, pg. 130.
  • World Bank, 2011. Gross Domestic Product 2011. Available from: http://databank. worldbank.org/databank/download/GDP.pdf (Accessed 10 March 2013).
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA46JC88AV
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Abdurrahim Sıradağ

Publication Date June 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Sıradağ, A. (2014). Understanding French Foreign and Security Policy towards Africa: Pragmatism or Altruism. Afro Eurasian Studies, 3(1), 100-122.

14123 1412425662