Neem ağacı ve Neemazolun tarımda kullanımı

Öz

Neem Ağacı (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Tespihgiller ailesi olarak bilinen Meliaceae familyasının bir üyesidir. Ülkemizde Tespih Ağacı olarak bilinir. Hindistan ve Myanmar (Burma) tropikal iklim bitkisi olan Azadirachta indica’ nın anavatanıdır. Çok hızlı büyüyen bir ağaçtır. Neem yüksek sıcaklıklara ve kuraklığa dayanıklı yapısı nedeniyle birçok ülkede üretimi yapılabilmektedir. Neem ekstraktları tarım alanlarında hastalık ve zararlılara karşı mücadelede çok iyi sonuçlar verir. Neem bileşenlerinin yapısı bitkisel kökenli olduğundan bu bileşenlerin insan sağlığına ve çevreye zararları yoktur. Neem’ in en önemli bileşeni Azadirachtin’ dir. Azadirachta indica entomoloji alanında 30 yıldır bilinen doğal bir insektisit kaynağı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Azadirachtin etkili bileşikler; böcekleri uzaklaştırıcı, beslenmelerini engelleyici, kısırlaştırıcı, yumurta bırakmayı engelleyici, gelişme ve büyümelerini önleyici gibi şekillerde kullanılmaktadır. Bunların yanında hedef olmayan canlılara karşı zarar seviyesinin düşük olması, yan etkisinin olmaması, doğada kalıcılığının minimum düzeyde olması, doğal düşmanlara karşı toksisitesinin minimum düzeyde olması ve zararlılarda dayanıklılık mekanizmasının minimum geliştirmesi en çok tercih edilen bitkisel kökenli insektisit olmasını sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Neem ağacı
• Neemazol
• Azadirachtin
• Azadirachta indica

Use of Neem tree and Neemazol in agriculture

Abstract

Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is a member of the Meliaceae family, also known as the Neem family. It is known as the Rosary Tree in our country. India and Myanmar (Burma) are the homeland of the tropical climate plant Azadirachta indica. It is a very fast growing tree. Neem can be produced in many countries due to its resistance to high temperatures and drought. Neem extracts give very good results in the fight against diseases and pests in agricultural areas. Since the structure of neem components is of plant origin, these components do not harm human health or the environment. The most important component of Neem is Azadirachtin. Azadirachta indica has been used as a known natural source of insecticides in the field of entomology for 30 years. Azadirachtin effective compounds; It is used in ways such as repelling insects, preventing them from feeding, sterilizing them, preventing them from laying eggs, and preventing their development and growth. In addition, its low level of harm to non-target organisms, no side effects, minimum level of permanence in nature, minimum level of toxicity against natural enemies and minimum development of the resistance mechanism in pests make it the most preferred plant-based insecticide.

Keywords

• Neem Tree
• Neemazol
• azadirachtin
• Azadirachta indica

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