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Nutrition of organic laying hens

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 63 - 70, 12.09.2024

Öz

Nowadays, consumers pay attention to issues such as animal welfare, environmental safety and reliable food; therefore they are oriented towards organic production. Some legal obligations to be followed in rering, health practices and nutrition make organic egg production more challenging. The prohibition of the using synthetic amino acids in feeds cause problems in meeting the needs of animals for amino acids (especially methionine). This situation leads to welfare problems such as feather pecking and cannibalism. Alternative feed sources to meet animals nutritional needs have become a issue of interest for researchers. In this review, legal regulations on nutrition of organic laying hens, nutrient requirements, ration examples and information on alternative feed sources are included.

Kaynakça

  • Afrose, S. (2015). Sustainable Organic Egg Production Through Alternative Feeding Strategies. (Ph.D Thesis, Aarhus University, Science and Technology, Department of Animal Science. Denmark).
  • Balevi, T., Coskun, B. & Gurbuz, E. (2016). The development of organic egg production in Turkey. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Science. 32 (1): 36-40.
  • Blair, R. (2008). Nutrition and Feeding of Organic Poultry. CAB International. Wallingford. USA.
  • Chamruspollert, M., Pesti, G.M. & Bakkali, R.I. (2002). Determination of the methionine requirement of male and female broiler chickens using an indirect amino acid oxidation method. Poultry Science 81: 1004-1013.
  • Eleroğlu, H., Yıldırım, A. ve Şekeroğlu, A. (2013). Organik tavukçulukta içme suyu özellikleri, beslemedeki önemi ve su kalitesini artırmaya yönelik uygulamalar. Türkiye II. Organik Hayvancılık Kongresi, Uludağ Üniversitesi, Bursa, Türkiye.
  • Eleroğlu, H., Yıldırım, A. ve Şekeroğlu, A. (2014). Organik tavukçulukta mera kompozisyonu, besleme ve barındırma teknikleri. Tavukçuluk Araştırma Dergisi. 11 (1): 21-27.
  • Elwinger, K., Tufvesson, M., Lagerkvist, G. & Tauson, R. (2008). Feeding layers of different genotypes in organic feed environments. British Poultry Science. 49 (6): 654-665.
  • Gerrard, C.L., Smith, J., Nelder, R., Bright, A., Colley, M., Clements, R. & Pearce, B.D. (2015). 100% Organic poultry feed: can algae replace soybean expeller in organic broiler diets? Organic Farming. 1 (1): 38-45.
  • Hammershøj, M. & Steenfeldt, S. (2005). Effects of blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) in organic layer diets and supplementation with foraging material on egg production and some egg quality parameters. Poultry Science. 84: 723-733.
  • Harthi, M.A. & El-Deek, A.A. (2012). Effect of different dietary concentrations of brown marine algae (Sargassum dentifebium) prepared by different methods on plasma and yolk lipid profiles, yolk total carotene and lutein plus zeaxanthin of laying hens. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 11 (e64): 341-353.
  • Haustein, A.T., Gilman, R.H., Skillicorn, P.W., Vergara, V., Guevara, V. & Gastanaduy, A. (1990). Duckweed, A Useful Strategy for Feeding Chickens: Performance of Layers Fed with Sewage-Grown Lemnacea Species. Poultry Science. 69: 1835-1844.
  • Horsted, K., Hermansen, J.E. & Ranvig, H. (2007). Crop content in nutrient-restricted versus non-restricted organic laying hens with access to different forage vegetations. British Poultry Science. 48 (2): 177-184.
  • IFOAM. (2019). IFOAM Basic Standards for Organic Production and Processing Version 2014. IFOAM Organics International, Germany.
  • Jönsson, L. & Elwinger, K. (2009). Mussel meal as a replacement for fish meal in feeds for organic poultry - a pilot short-term study. Acta Agriculturae Scand Section A. 59: 22-27.
  • Küçükyılmaz, K., Bozkurt, M., Çatlı, A.U., Çınar, M., Bintaş, E., Erkek, R., Çöven, F., Atik, H. ve Yılmazer, A. (2010). Organik tavukçuluk projesi (organik yumurta tavukçuluğu). Organik Tarım Araştırma Sonuçları 2005-2010. T. C. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Kırkpınar, F. (2021). Organic Egg Production. Özyazıcı G. & Hanaoğlu, O.H. (Ed.), Organic Agriculture-Plant & Livestock Production (Chapter 6), İKSAD Publishing House, Ankara.
  • Kjaer, J.B. & Sørensen, P. (2002). Feather pecking and cannibalism in free-range laying hens as affected by genotype, dietary level of methionine+cystine, light intensity during rearing and age at first access to the range area. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 76: 21-39.
  • Kulshreshtha, G., Rathgeber, B., Stratton, G., Thomas, N., Evans, F., Critchley, A., Hafting, J. & Prithiviraj, B. (2014). Feed supplementation with red seaweeds, Chondrus crispus and Sarcodiotheca gaudichaudii, affects performance, egg quality, and gut microbiota of layer hens. Poultry Science. 93: 2991-3001.
  • Kutlu, H.R. (2015). Kanatlı Hayvan Besleme (Teorik Temel-Pratik Uygulama). Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Zootekni Bölümü Yemler ve Hayvan Besleme Anabilim Dalı. Adana. Türkiye. http://zootekni.cu.edu.tr/tr/yuklenenler/Kanatli_Besleme_Tum.pdf (10 Haziran 2017).
  • Lampkin, N. (1997). Organic Poultry Production. Final Report to MAFF Contract Ref. CSA 3699. Welsh Institute of Rural Studies, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Wales.
  • McDonald, M.W. & Morris, T.R. (1985). Quantitative review of optimum amino acid intakes for young laying pullets. British Poultry Science. 26 (2): 253-264.
  • National Research Council [NRC]. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry: Ninth Revised Edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. USA.
  • O’Connell, K. & Lynch, B. (2004). Organic Poultry Production in Ireland-Problems and Possible Solutions. Cork Teagasc, Moorepark. Ireland.
  • Özkan, K. ve Açıkgöz, Z. (2007). Kanatlı Kümes Hayvanlarının Beslenmesi. Hasad Yayıncılık. İstanbul.
  • Permin, A., Bisgaard, M., Frandsen, F., Pearman, M., Kold, J. & Nansen, P. (1999). Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in different poultry production systems. British Poultry Science. 40: 439-443.
  • Resmi Gazete. (2010). Organik Tarımın Esasları ve Uygulanmasına İlişkin Yönetmelik. Resmi Gazete Tarihi: 18.08.2010 Resmi Gazete Sayısı: 27676. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2010/08/20100818-4.htm (01.05.2022).
  • Rizzi, L., Simioli, M., Martelli, G., Paganelli, R. & Sardi, L. (2006). Effects of organic farming on egg quality and welfare of laying hens. XII European Poultry Conference, 10–14 September 2006; Verona, Italy.
  • Sossidou, E.N., Dal Bosco, A., Elson, H.A. & Fontes, C.M.G.A. (2011). Pasture-based systems for poultry production: implications and perspectives. World’ s Poultry Science Journal. 67: 47-58.
  • Sundrum, A., Schneider, K. & Richter, U. (2005). Possibilities and limitations of protein supply in organic poultry and pig production. Roganic Revision, EEC 2092/91.1-107.
  • Şahin, A., Kutlu, H.R. ve Görgülü, M. (2004). Organik tavukçuluk: organik tarım prensiplerine uygun bakım ve besleme ile piliç eti ve yumurta üretimi. 4. Zootekni Bilim Kongresi, , Isparta, Türkiye.
  • van Krimpen, M.M., Kwakkel, R.P., Reuvekamp, B.F.J., van der Peet-Schwering, C.M.C., den Hartog, L.A. & Verstegen, M.W.A. (2005). Impact of feeding management on feather pecking in laying hens. World’ s Poultry Science Journal 61: 663-686.
  • Veldkamp, T., van Duinkerken, G., van Huis, A., Lakemond, C.M.M., Ottevanger, E., Bosch, G. & van Boekel, M.A.J.S. (2012). Insects as a sustainable feed ingredient in pig and poultry diets - a feasibility study, Report 638 - Wageningen Livestock Research. Netherlands.
  • Yenice, E. (2002). Kanatlı yetiştiriciliğinde organik tarım. Tavukçuluk Araştırma Dergisi. 4 (1-2).51-58.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Eleroğlu, H. (2014). Organik kanatlı besleme. Tavukçuluk Araştırma Dergisi. 11 (1): 35-39.
  • Yumurta Üreticileri Merkez Birliği [YUM-BİR]. (2021). Yumurta Tavukçuluğu Verileri (2021). Yumurta Üreticileri Merkez Birliği. https://www.yum-bir.org/UserFiles/File/Veri-2021.pdf (Erişim Tarihi. 01.05.2022).
  • Tauson, R. (2005). Management and housing systems for layers – effects on welfare and production. World’ s Poultry Science Journal. 61: 477-490.
  • Tiller, H. (2001). Nutrition and animal welfare in egg production systems. Proceedings of the 13th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, WPSA, Blankenberge, Belgium 226-232.

Organik Yumurtacı Tavukların Beslenmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 63 - 70, 12.09.2024

Öz

Günümüzde tüketiciler, hayvan refahı, çevre güvenliği ve güvenilir gıda gibi konulara önem vermekte; bu nedenle organik üretime yönelmektedirler. Yetiştirme, sağlık uygulamaları ve besleme konularında uyulması gereken bazı yasal zorunluluklar, organik yumurta üretimini daha zorlu hale getirmektedir. Yemlerde sentetik amino asitlerin kullanımının yasak olması hayvanların amino asit (özellikle metiyonin) ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasında sorun oluşturmaktadır. Bu durum tüy çekme ve kanibalizm gibi refah problemlerine yol açmaktadır. Hayvanların besin madde ihtiyaçlarının karşılamak için alternatif yem kaynakları araştırmacıların ilgi duyduğu bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bu derlemede, organik yumurtacı tavukların beslenmesi ile ilgili yasal düzenlemelere, besin madde ihtiyaçlarına, rasyon örneklerine ve alternatif yem kaynakları ile ilgili bilgilere yer verilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Afrose, S. (2015). Sustainable Organic Egg Production Through Alternative Feeding Strategies. (Ph.D Thesis, Aarhus University, Science and Technology, Department of Animal Science. Denmark).
  • Balevi, T., Coskun, B. & Gurbuz, E. (2016). The development of organic egg production in Turkey. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Science. 32 (1): 36-40.
  • Blair, R. (2008). Nutrition and Feeding of Organic Poultry. CAB International. Wallingford. USA.
  • Chamruspollert, M., Pesti, G.M. & Bakkali, R.I. (2002). Determination of the methionine requirement of male and female broiler chickens using an indirect amino acid oxidation method. Poultry Science 81: 1004-1013.
  • Eleroğlu, H., Yıldırım, A. ve Şekeroğlu, A. (2013). Organik tavukçulukta içme suyu özellikleri, beslemedeki önemi ve su kalitesini artırmaya yönelik uygulamalar. Türkiye II. Organik Hayvancılık Kongresi, Uludağ Üniversitesi, Bursa, Türkiye.
  • Eleroğlu, H., Yıldırım, A. ve Şekeroğlu, A. (2014). Organik tavukçulukta mera kompozisyonu, besleme ve barındırma teknikleri. Tavukçuluk Araştırma Dergisi. 11 (1): 21-27.
  • Elwinger, K., Tufvesson, M., Lagerkvist, G. & Tauson, R. (2008). Feeding layers of different genotypes in organic feed environments. British Poultry Science. 49 (6): 654-665.
  • Gerrard, C.L., Smith, J., Nelder, R., Bright, A., Colley, M., Clements, R. & Pearce, B.D. (2015). 100% Organic poultry feed: can algae replace soybean expeller in organic broiler diets? Organic Farming. 1 (1): 38-45.
  • Hammershøj, M. & Steenfeldt, S. (2005). Effects of blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) in organic layer diets and supplementation with foraging material on egg production and some egg quality parameters. Poultry Science. 84: 723-733.
  • Harthi, M.A. & El-Deek, A.A. (2012). Effect of different dietary concentrations of brown marine algae (Sargassum dentifebium) prepared by different methods on plasma and yolk lipid profiles, yolk total carotene and lutein plus zeaxanthin of laying hens. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 11 (e64): 341-353.
  • Haustein, A.T., Gilman, R.H., Skillicorn, P.W., Vergara, V., Guevara, V. & Gastanaduy, A. (1990). Duckweed, A Useful Strategy for Feeding Chickens: Performance of Layers Fed with Sewage-Grown Lemnacea Species. Poultry Science. 69: 1835-1844.
  • Horsted, K., Hermansen, J.E. & Ranvig, H. (2007). Crop content in nutrient-restricted versus non-restricted organic laying hens with access to different forage vegetations. British Poultry Science. 48 (2): 177-184.
  • IFOAM. (2019). IFOAM Basic Standards for Organic Production and Processing Version 2014. IFOAM Organics International, Germany.
  • Jönsson, L. & Elwinger, K. (2009). Mussel meal as a replacement for fish meal in feeds for organic poultry - a pilot short-term study. Acta Agriculturae Scand Section A. 59: 22-27.
  • Küçükyılmaz, K., Bozkurt, M., Çatlı, A.U., Çınar, M., Bintaş, E., Erkek, R., Çöven, F., Atik, H. ve Yılmazer, A. (2010). Organik tavukçuluk projesi (organik yumurta tavukçuluğu). Organik Tarım Araştırma Sonuçları 2005-2010. T. C. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Kırkpınar, F. (2021). Organic Egg Production. Özyazıcı G. & Hanaoğlu, O.H. (Ed.), Organic Agriculture-Plant & Livestock Production (Chapter 6), İKSAD Publishing House, Ankara.
  • Kjaer, J.B. & Sørensen, P. (2002). Feather pecking and cannibalism in free-range laying hens as affected by genotype, dietary level of methionine+cystine, light intensity during rearing and age at first access to the range area. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 76: 21-39.
  • Kulshreshtha, G., Rathgeber, B., Stratton, G., Thomas, N., Evans, F., Critchley, A., Hafting, J. & Prithiviraj, B. (2014). Feed supplementation with red seaweeds, Chondrus crispus and Sarcodiotheca gaudichaudii, affects performance, egg quality, and gut microbiota of layer hens. Poultry Science. 93: 2991-3001.
  • Kutlu, H.R. (2015). Kanatlı Hayvan Besleme (Teorik Temel-Pratik Uygulama). Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Zootekni Bölümü Yemler ve Hayvan Besleme Anabilim Dalı. Adana. Türkiye. http://zootekni.cu.edu.tr/tr/yuklenenler/Kanatli_Besleme_Tum.pdf (10 Haziran 2017).
  • Lampkin, N. (1997). Organic Poultry Production. Final Report to MAFF Contract Ref. CSA 3699. Welsh Institute of Rural Studies, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Wales.
  • McDonald, M.W. & Morris, T.R. (1985). Quantitative review of optimum amino acid intakes for young laying pullets. British Poultry Science. 26 (2): 253-264.
  • National Research Council [NRC]. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry: Ninth Revised Edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. USA.
  • O’Connell, K. & Lynch, B. (2004). Organic Poultry Production in Ireland-Problems and Possible Solutions. Cork Teagasc, Moorepark. Ireland.
  • Özkan, K. ve Açıkgöz, Z. (2007). Kanatlı Kümes Hayvanlarının Beslenmesi. Hasad Yayıncılık. İstanbul.
  • Permin, A., Bisgaard, M., Frandsen, F., Pearman, M., Kold, J. & Nansen, P. (1999). Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in different poultry production systems. British Poultry Science. 40: 439-443.
  • Resmi Gazete. (2010). Organik Tarımın Esasları ve Uygulanmasına İlişkin Yönetmelik. Resmi Gazete Tarihi: 18.08.2010 Resmi Gazete Sayısı: 27676. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2010/08/20100818-4.htm (01.05.2022).
  • Rizzi, L., Simioli, M., Martelli, G., Paganelli, R. & Sardi, L. (2006). Effects of organic farming on egg quality and welfare of laying hens. XII European Poultry Conference, 10–14 September 2006; Verona, Italy.
  • Sossidou, E.N., Dal Bosco, A., Elson, H.A. & Fontes, C.M.G.A. (2011). Pasture-based systems for poultry production: implications and perspectives. World’ s Poultry Science Journal. 67: 47-58.
  • Sundrum, A., Schneider, K. & Richter, U. (2005). Possibilities and limitations of protein supply in organic poultry and pig production. Roganic Revision, EEC 2092/91.1-107.
  • Şahin, A., Kutlu, H.R. ve Görgülü, M. (2004). Organik tavukçuluk: organik tarım prensiplerine uygun bakım ve besleme ile piliç eti ve yumurta üretimi. 4. Zootekni Bilim Kongresi, , Isparta, Türkiye.
  • van Krimpen, M.M., Kwakkel, R.P., Reuvekamp, B.F.J., van der Peet-Schwering, C.M.C., den Hartog, L.A. & Verstegen, M.W.A. (2005). Impact of feeding management on feather pecking in laying hens. World’ s Poultry Science Journal 61: 663-686.
  • Veldkamp, T., van Duinkerken, G., van Huis, A., Lakemond, C.M.M., Ottevanger, E., Bosch, G. & van Boekel, M.A.J.S. (2012). Insects as a sustainable feed ingredient in pig and poultry diets - a feasibility study, Report 638 - Wageningen Livestock Research. Netherlands.
  • Yenice, E. (2002). Kanatlı yetiştiriciliğinde organik tarım. Tavukçuluk Araştırma Dergisi. 4 (1-2).51-58.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Eleroğlu, H. (2014). Organik kanatlı besleme. Tavukçuluk Araştırma Dergisi. 11 (1): 35-39.
  • Yumurta Üreticileri Merkez Birliği [YUM-BİR]. (2021). Yumurta Tavukçuluğu Verileri (2021). Yumurta Üreticileri Merkez Birliği. https://www.yum-bir.org/UserFiles/File/Veri-2021.pdf (Erişim Tarihi. 01.05.2022).
  • Tauson, R. (2005). Management and housing systems for layers – effects on welfare and production. World’ s Poultry Science Journal. 61: 477-490.
  • Tiller, H. (2001). Nutrition and animal welfare in egg production systems. Proceedings of the 13th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, WPSA, Blankenberge, Belgium 226-232.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Zootekni, Genetik ve Biyoistatistik
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Figen Kırkpınar 0000-0002-2018-755X

Özgün Işık 0000-0003-2336-183X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 8 Eylül 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Eylül 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kırkpınar, F., & Işık, Ö. (2024). Organik Yumurtacı Tavukların Beslenmesi. AgriTR Science, 6(1), 63-70.