Occupational Stress and Job Satisfaction in Psychiatric Nurses

Abstract

Psychiatric nursing is a specialized field of nursing. Many factors such as the chronic and long duration of mental problems, the constant interaction of nurses with patients and their relatives, the difficulty of relationships with patients, the risk of aggression by patients, and the fact that psychiatry clinics serve predominantly with closed-door systems cause psychiatric nurses to experience intense occupational stress. This situation can cause serious physical and psychosocial problems in nurses, reduced service delivery and burnout, leaving the job and decrease in the quality of life. Occupational stress experienced by psychiatric nurses also significantly affects job satisfaction in working life. Job satisfaction is one of the most important requirements for nurses to be successful and productive. Job satisfaction of nurses is affected by many variables such as personality traits, intense working hours, institutional policies, and attitudes of colleagues and team members. Most of the factors that cause occupational stress in psychiatric nurses also affect the job satisfaction of nurses and may lead to similar negative results. In the light of this information, the aim of this review article is to examine the factors affecting occupational stress and job satisfaction in psychiatric nurses by providing general information about the occupational stress and job satisfaction that nurses working in psychiatry clinics are exposed to.

Keywords

• Job satisfaction
• occupational stress
• psychiatric nursing
• psychiatric nurse

Psikiyatri Hemşirelerinde Mesleki Stres ve İş Doyumu

Abstract

Psikiyatri hemşireliği, hemşirelik disiplininin özelleşmiş bir alanıdır. Ruhsal sorunların kronik seyirli ve uzun süreli olması, hemşirelerin hasta ve yakınları ile devamlı etkileşim içinde olması, hastalarla kurulan ilişkilerin güçlüğü, hastaların saldırganlık riski taşıması ve psikiyatri kliniklerinin ağırlıklı olarak kapalı kapı sistemi ile hizmet vermesi gibi birçok etken, psikiyatri hemşirelerinin yoğun mesleki stres yaşamasına neden olmaktadır. Bu durum, hemşirelerde ciddi fiziksel ve psikososyal sıkıntılara, etkisi azalmış hizmet sunumuna ve tükenmişliğe, işten ayrılmaya ve yaşam kalitesinin düşmesine neden olabilmektedir. Psikiyatri hemşirelerinin yaşadığı mesleki stres, çalışma yaşamındaki iş doyumunu da önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. İş doyumu hemşirelerin başarılı ve üretken olabilmelerinin en önemli gereklerindendir. Hemşirelerin iş doyumları kişilik özellikleri, yoğun çalışma şekli, kurum politikaları, meslektaşların ve ekip üyelerinin tutumları gibi birçok değişkenden etkilenmektedir. Psikiyatri hemşirelerinde mesleki strese yol açan faktörlerin çoğu, hemşirelerin iş doyumunu da etkilemekte ve benzer olumsuz sonuçlara yol açabilmektedir. Bu bilgiler ışığında, bu derleme makalesinin amacı psikiyatri kliniklerinde çalışan hemşirelerin maruz kaldığı mesleki stres ve yanı sıra iş doyumu hakkında genel bilgi sunarak, psikiyatri hemşirelerinde mesleki stres ve iş doyumunu etkileyen faktörleri incelemektir.

Keywords

• İş doyumu
• mesleki stres
• psikiyatri hemşireliği
• psikiyatri hemşiresi

References

1. TDK. Available from: https://sozluk.gov.tr/ (Accessed 14th March 2022).
2. Clegg A. Occupational stress in nursing: a review of the literature. J Nurs Manage. 2001;9(2):101-106.
3. Sinat Ö. Kutlu Y. Psikiyatri Kliniklerinde Çalışan Hemşirelerde Tükenmişlik. I.U.F.N. Hem. Derg. 2009;17(3):174-183.
4. Aydın GÇ, Aytaç S, Şanlı Y. Hemşirelerde Algılanan Stres ve Stres Semptomlarının İşten Ayrılma Eğilimi Üzerindeki Etkisi. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2020;özel sayı:526-538.
5. Zaki R. Job Stress and Self-Efficacy among Psychiatric Nursing Working in Mental Health Hospitals at Cairo, Egypt. Journal of Education and Practice. 2016;7(20):103-113.
6. Kızılırmak M. Psikiyatri ve Psikiyatri Hemşireliğinin Tarihçesi. In: Gürhan N, ed. Ruh Sağlığı ve Psikiyatri Hemşireliği. Ankara: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2016. p.15-41.
7. Alharbi S, Hasan AA. Occupational Stress, Coping Strategies, and Quality of Life among Nurses in General and Psychiatric Setting in Jeddah City-KSA. OJPsych. 2019;9:124-137.
8. Konstantinos N. Christina O. Factors influencing stress and job satisfaction of nurses working in psychiatric units: a research review. Health science journal. 2008;2(4).

9. Yada H, Abe H, Funakoshi Y, Omori H, Matsuo H, Ishida Y, et al. Development of the psychiatric nurse job stressor scale (PNJSS). PCN. 2011;65(6):567-575.
10. Dawood E, Mitsu R, Monica A. Perceived Psychiatric Nurses Job Stress: A cross sectional study. IOSR-JNHS. 2017;6(2):37-47.
11. Edwards D, Burnard P, Coyle D, Fothergill A, Hannigan B. Stressors, moderators and stress outcomes: findings from the All‐Wales Community Mental Health Nurse Study. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2000;7(6); 529-537.
12. Mann S, Cowburn J. Emotional labour and stress within mental health nursing. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2005;12(2):154-162.
13. Pompili M, Rinaldi G, Lester D, Girardi P, Ruberto A, Tatarelli R. Hopelessness and suicide risk emerge in psychiatric nurses suffering from burnout and using specific defense mechanisms. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2006;20(3):135-143.
14. Özkaya MO, Yakın V, Ekinci T. Stres düzeylerinin çalışanların iş doyumu üzerine etkisi Celal Bayar Üniversitesi çalışanları üzerine ampirik bir araştırma. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2008;15(1):163-179.
15. Durmuş S. Günay O. Hemşirelerde iş doyumu ve anksiyete düzeyini etkileyen faktörler. Erciyes Tıp Dergisi. 2007;29(2):139-146.
16. Aksoy NM, Polat C. Akdeniz Bölgesindeki Bir İlde Üç Farklı Hastanenin Cerrahi Birimlerinde Çalışan Hemşirelerin İş Doyumu ve Etkileyen Faktörler. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi. 2013;10(2): 45-53.
17. Sharp TP. Job satisfaction among psychiatric registered nurses in New England. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2008;15(5):374-378.
18. Çam O, Yıldırım S. Hemşirelerde iş doyumu ve etkileyen faktörler. Türkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2010;2(1):64-70.
19. Kahraman G, Engin E. Dülgerler Ş. Öztürk E. Yoğun bakım hemşirelerinin iş doyumları ve etkileyen faktörler. DEUHYO ED. 2011;4(1):12-18.2.
20. Tao L, Guo H, Liu S, Li J. Work stress and job satisfaction of community health nurses in Southwest China. Biomed Res. 2018;29(3).
21. Kakemam E, Raeissi P, Raoofi S, Soltani A, Sokhanvar M, Visentin DC, et al. Occupational stress and associated risk factors among nurses: a cross-sectional study. Contemporary nurse. 2019;55(2-3):237-249.
22. Girma B, Nigussie J, Molla A, Mareg M. Occupational stress and associated factors among health care professionals in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1-10.
23. Hasan AA, Elsayed S, Tumah H. Occupational stress, coping strategies, and psychological‐related outcomes of nurses working in psychiatric hospitals. Perspectives in psychiatric care. 2018;54(4), 514-522.
24. Hasan AA, Tumah H. The correlation between occupational stress, coping strategies, and the levels of psychological distress among nurses working in mental health hospital in Jordan. Perspectives in psychiatric care. 2019;55(2), 153-160.
25. Cottrell S. Occupational stress and job satisfaction in mental health nursing: focused interventions through evidence‐based assessment. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2001;8(2):157-164.
26. Pinikahana J, Happell B. Stress, burnout and job satisfaction in rural psychiatric nurses: a Victorian study. Aust. J. Rural Health. 2004;12(3):120-125.
27. Hamaideh SH. Occupational stress, social support, and quality of life among Jordanian mental health nurses. Issues in mental health nursing. 2011;33(1):15-23.
28. Shen HC, Cheng Y, Tsai PJ, Guo YL. Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. J Occup Health. 2005;47(3):218-225.
29. Kane PP. Stress causing psychiatric illness among nurses. Ind j occup envnt med. 2009;13:1-5.
30. Gulavani A, Shinde M. Occupational stress and job satisfaction among nurses. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR). 2014;3(4):733-740.
31. Aksu G, Acuner AM, Tabak RS. Sağlık Bakanlığı merkez ve taşra teşkilatı yöneticilerinin iş doyumuna yönelik bir araştırma (Ankara Örneği). Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2002;55(4):271–282.
32. Ward M, Cowman S. Job satisfaction in psychiatric nursing. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2007;14(5):454-461.
33. Zhou H, Jiang F, Rakofsky J, Hu L, Liu T, Wu S, et al. Job satisfaction and associated factors among psychiatric nurses in tertiary psychiatric hospitals: Results from a nationwide cross‐sectional study. J Adv Nurs. 2019;75:3619–3630.
34. Farrell GA, Dares G. Nursing staff satisfaction on a mental health unit. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. 1999;8(2):51-57.
35. Happell B, Martin T, Pinikahana J. Burnout and job satisfaction: a comparative study of psychiatric nurses from forensic and a mainstream mental health service. International journal of mental health nursing. 2003;12(1):39-47.
36. Matos PS, Neushotz LA, Griffin MTQ, Fitzpatrick JJ. An exploratory study of resilience and job satisfaction among psychiatric nurses working in inpatient units. International journal of mental health nursing. 2010;19(5):307-312.
37. Munro L, Rodwell J, Harding L. Assessing occupational stress in psychiatric nurses using the full job strain model: the value of social support to nurses. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 1998;35(6):339-345.
38. Lin CF, Lai FC, Huang WR, Huang CI, Hsieh CJ. Satisfaction with the quality nursing work environment among psychiatric nurses working in acute care general hospitals. The Journal of Nursing Research. 2019;28(2):e76.
39. Matsumoto Y, Yoshioka SI. Factors influencing psychiatric nurses’ job satisfaction levels: Focusing on their frequency of experiencing negative emotions toward patients and support at their workplaces. Yonago acta medica. 2019;62(4):293-304.
40. Kagwe j, Jones S, Johnson SL. Factors Related to Intention to Leave and Job Satisfaction among Registered Nurses at a Large Psychiatric Hospital. Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 2019;40(9):754-759.