Sağlığın Sosyal Belirleyicilerinin Yaşam Beklentisine Etkisi: Retrospektif Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Amaç Bu çalışmanın amacı sağlığın sosyal belirleyicilerinin yaşam beklentisi üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Yöntem Retrospektif tanımlayıcı türdeki bu çalışmanın ver¬ileri, Ekonomik İşbirliği ve Kalkınma Örgütü (OECD) ‘nün Daha İyi Yaşam Endeksi veri tabanından alınan yaşam beklentisi ve sağlığın sosyal belirleyicileri ikincil verilerinden oluşmaktadır. Veri tabanı Ocak 2022’de taranmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin düzeyini belirlemek için Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Yaşam beklentisini etkileyen sağlığın sosyal belirleyicilerine geriye doğru eleme yöntemi kullanılarak doğrusal regresyon analizi uygulan¬mıştır. Raporlamada STROBE kontrol listesinden yararlanılmıştır. Bulgular Ülkelerin ortalama yaşam beklentisi düzeyleri 80,03±4,54’tür. Geriye doğru eleme yöntemine göre iş, sağlık, güvenlik ve toplum düzeyindeki bir birimlik artış, yaşam beklentisini sırasıyla 0,379, 0,486, 0,387 ve -0,358 birim etkilemektedir (p<0,05). Sonuç İş, sağlık, güvenlik ve toplum yaşam beklentisini et¬kilemektedir. Sürdürülebilir küresel sağlığı teşvik etmek için birey ve toplumun bakımında küresel düzeyde hemşirelerin sağlığın sosyal belirleyicilerine odaklanması önerilmektedir. Küresel sağlık ideali, adil ve eşitlikçi sağlık düşüncesi ve eylemi için fırs¬atlar ve politika geliştirme için bir çerçeve sağlar. Hemşireler küresel sağlığın savunucuları olarak poli¬tikaları yönlendirmede aktif bir rol üstlenmelidir.

Keywords

• Hemşirelik
• OECD
• sağlığın sosyal belirleyicileri
• yaşam beklentisi

The Effect of Social Determinants of Health on Life Expectancy: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Aim This study aimed to examine the effect of social determinants of health on life expectancy. Method The retrospective descriptive study data consisted of the life expectancy and social determinants of health secondary data from the Organization for Eco¬nomic Co-operation and Development the Better Life Index database. The database was screened in January 2022. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the level of relationship between variables. Linear regres¬sion analysis using the backward elimination method was performed on so¬cial determinants of health affecting life expectancy. Reporting is consistent with the STROBE checklist. Results The average life expectancy level of the countries is 80.03±4.54. According to the backward elimination method, a one-unit increase in job, health, safety and community levels affects life expectancy by 0.379, 0.486, 0.387, and -0.358 units, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion Job, health, safety, and community affected life expectancy. To promote sustainable global health, it is recommended that nurses focus on the social determinants of health at the global level in the care of individuals and community. The ideal of global health provides opportunities for justice and equitable health thought and action and provides a framework for policy development. Nurses must take an active role in guiding policy as advocates for global health.

Keywords

• Life expectancy
• nursing
• OECD
• social determinants of health

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