Residential Tourists’ Perceptions of Quality of Life: Case of Alanya, Turkey

Abstract

Researches on tourism investigating quality of life have become an important study area for tourism scholars over the last few decades. Thus, focus points have started to evolve from the macro impact of tourism to the micro impact on individuals and their well-being. The aim of this study is to determine factors that have an impact on the perception of quality of life of the residential tourists. To this end, correspondence analysis and log-linear model are employed that visualize the results and reveal significant factors and interactions terms. According to findings, some demographic factors such as gender, duration of living in Alanya and nationality have an impact on quality of life perception of residential tourists. Besides, supportive evidence for adaptation level theory, used for explaining the effects of big life events on quality of life perception, was found.

Keywords

• Residential Tourism,Quality of Life,Log Linear Model,Correspondence Analysis,Alanya,Turkey

References

1. Åkerlund, U. (2017). Strategic lifestyle management in later life: Swedish lifestyle movers in Malta seeking the ‘Best of Both Worlds’, Population, Space and Place, 23(1), 1-13.
2. Åkerlund, U., & Sandberg, L. (2015). Stories of lifestyle mobility: Representing self and place in the search for the ‘good life’. Social & Cultural Geography, 16(3), 351-370.
3. Alanya Chamber of Commerce and Industry [ALTSO], (2016). Alanya Ekonomik Rapor 2016, Alanya.
4. Alarcón, P., González, E. M., & Pérez, J. R. (2010). Residential tourism in the South of Spain: An approach towards consumption. Tourism & Management Studies, (6), 36-48.
5. Aledo, A. & Mazón T. (2004). Impact of residential tourism and the destination life cycle theory. In F. D. Pineda, C.A.Trebbia, & M. Mugica (Eds.), Sustainable Tourism (pp.25-36). Southampton, WIT Press.
6. Andereck, K. L. & Nyaupane G. P. (2011). Exploring the nature of tourism and the quality of perceptions among residents, Journal of Travel Research, 50(3), 248-260.
7. Bahar, H. I., Laçiner, S., Bal, I., & Özcan, M. (2009). Older migrants to the Mediterranean: the Turkish example, Population, Space and Place, 15(6), 509-522.
8. Balkır, C., & Kırkulak, B. (2009). Turkey, the new destination for international retirement migration. In Fassman, H., Haller, M. & Lane, D. (Eds.), Migration and mobility in Europe: Trends, patterns and control (pp. 123-143). UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.

9. Beerli, A. & Martin J. D. (2004). Factors influencing destination image, Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 657-681.
10. Benson, M. C. (2010). The context and trajectory of lifestyle migration: the case of the British residents of Southwest France, European Societies, 12(1), 45-64.
11. Benson, M., & O'reilly, K. (2009). Migration and the search for a better way of life: a critical exploration of lifestyle migration, The Sociological Review, 57(4), 608-625.
12. de Bloom, J., Geurts, S. A., Taris, T. W., Sonnentag, S., de Weerth, C., & Kompier, M. A. (2010). Effects of vacation from work on health and well-being: Lots of fun, quickly gone, Work & Stress, 24(2), 196-216.
13. Brickman, P., Coates, D. & Janoff-Bulman, R. (1978). Lottery winners and accident victims: Is happiness relative?, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(8), 917-927.
14. Casado-Diaz, M. A. (1999). Socio-demographic impacts of residential tourism: a case study of Torrevieja, Spain, The International Journal of Tourism Research, 1(4), 223-237.
15. Cohen, S. A., Duncan, T., & Thulemark, M. (2015). Lifestyle mobilities: The crossroads of travel, leisure and migration, Mobilities, 10(1), 155-172.Croucher, S. (2012). Privileged mobility in an age of globality, Societies, 2(1), 1-13.
16. Dahab, D. (2016). Acculturation strategies and outcomes of international retired migrants in Portugal. Unpublished Master Thesis, Lisbon University, School of Social Sciences, Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Portugal.
17. Diener, E., & Suh, E. (1997). Measuring quality of life: Economic, social, and subjective indicators, Social Indicators Research, 40(1), 189-216.
18. Dolnicar, S., Lazarevski, K., & Yanamandram, V. (2013). Quality of life and tourism: A conceptual framework and novel segmentation base, Journal of Business Research, 66(6), 724-729.
19. Dolnicar, S., Yanamandram, V., & Cliff, K. (2012). The contribution of vacations to quality of life, Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 59-83.
20. Garau-Vadell, J. B., & de-Juan-Vigaray, M. D. (2017). International residential tourist shopping styles: A study of British and German citizens in Spain, Tourism Economics, 23(3), 485-505.
21. Gascón, J. (2016). Residential tourism and depeasantisation in the Ecuadorian Andes, The Journal of Peasant Studies, 43(4), 868-885.
22. Gilbert, D., & Abdullah, J. (2004). Holidaytaking and the sense of well-being, Annals of Tourism Research, 31(1), 103-121.
23. Gustafson, P. (2002). Tourism and seasonal retirement migration, Annals of Tourism Research, 29(4), 899-918.
24. Hall, C. M. (2014). Second home tourism: An international review, Tourism Review International, 18(3), 115-135.
25. Haug, B., Dann, G. M., & Mehmetoglu, M. (2007). Little Norway in Spain: From tourism to migration, Annals of Tourism Research, 34(1), 202-222.
26. Hayes, M. (2015). Moving South: The economic motives and structural context of North America’s emigrants in Cuenca, Ecuador, Mobilities, 10(2), 267-284.
27. Holleran, M. (2017). Residential tourists and the half-life of European cosmopolitanism in post-crisis Spain, Journal of Sociology, 53(1), 217-230.
28. Huete, R., & Mantecón, A. (2012). Residential tourism or lifestyle migration: Social problems linked to the non-definition of the situation. In Moufakkir, O, & Burns, P. M. (Eds.), Controversies in Tourism (pp. 160-171). Oxfordshire: Cabi International
29. Kim, K. (2002). The effects of tourism impacts upon quality of life of residents in the community, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech University, Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, USA.
30. Kim, H., Woo, E., & Uysal, M. (2015). Tourism experience and quality of life among elderly tourists, Tourism Management, 46, 465-476.
31. King, R., Warnes, A. M., & Williams, A. M. (1998). International retirement migration in Europe, Population, Space and Place, 4(2), 91-111.
32. Lucas, R. E., Clark, A. E., Georgellis, Y., & Diener, E. (2003). Reexamining adaptation and the set point model of happiness: reactions to changes in marital status, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(3), 527-539.
33. Mantecón, A., & Huete, R. (2008). The value of authenticity in residential tourism: The decision-maker's point of view, Tourist Studies, 8(3), 359-376.
34. Mazón, T. (2006). Inquiring into residential tourism: The Costa Blanca case, Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, 3(2), 89-97.
35. McWatters, M. R. (2009). Residential tourism: (de)Constructing paradise, (Vol.16). UK: Channel View Publications.
36. Morote, Á. F., Saurí, D., & Hernández, M. (2017). Residential tourism, swimming pools, and water demand in the Western Mediterranean, The Professional Geographer, 69(1), 1-11.
37. Müller, D. K., (2002). Reinventing the countryside: German second-home owners in Southern Sweden, Current Issues in Tourism, 5(5), 426-446.
38. Neal, J. D., Sirgy, M. J., & Uysal, M. (1999). The role of satisfaction with leisure travel/tourism services and experience in satisfaction with leisure life and overall life, Journal of Business Research, 44(3), 153-163.
39. Noguera, G. O., Andreu, H. G., Palmer, P. J., & Tur, A. A. (2007). Epistemological and ethical dilemmas of public participation on residential tourism planning, PASOS Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 5(3), 323-329.
40. van Noorloos, F. (2013). Residential tourism and multiple mobilities: Local citizenship and community fragmentation in Costa Rica, Sustainability, 5(2), 570-589.
41. van Noorloos, F., & Steel, G. (2016). Lifestyle migration and socio-spatial segregation in the urban (izing) landscapes of Cuenca (Ecuador) and Guanacaste (Costa Rica), Habitat International, 54, 50-57.
42. Nudralı, Ö, & O’Reilly, K. (2009). Taking the risk: The British in Didim, Turkey. In Benson, M. & O’Reilly, K. (Eds.) Lifestyle migration: Expectations, aspirations and experiences (pp. 137-152), Farnham: Ashgate.
43. Oliveira, C., Brochado, A., & Correia, A. (2017). Seniors in international residential tourism: looking for quality of life, Anatolia, 1-13.
44. O'Reilly, K. (2000). The British on the Costa del Sol: Transnational identities and local communities. London: Routledge.
45. O'Reilly, K., (2007). Emerging tourism futures: residential tourism and its implications. In Geoffroy, C. & Sibley, R. (Eds.), Going abroad: Travel, tourism, and migration. Cross-cultural perspectives on mobility (pp. 144-157), Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing,
46. Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (2008). The satisfaction with life scale and the emerging construct of life satisfaction, The Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(2), 137-152.
47. Perles-Ribes, J. F., Ramón-Rodríguez, A., Vera-Rebollo, J. F., & Ivars-Baidal, J. (2017). The end of growth in residential tourism destinations: steady state or sustainable development? The case of Calpe, Current Issues in Tourism, 1-31.
48. Phillips, W. J., Wolfe, K., Hodur, N., & Leistritz, F. L. (2013). Tourist word of mouth and revisit intentions to rural tourism destinations: A case of North Dakota, USA, International Journal of Tourism Research, 15(1), 93-104.
49. Ribes, J. F. P., Rodríguez, A. R., & Jiménez, M. S. (2011). Determinants of the competitive advantage of residential tourism destinations in Spain, Tourism Economics, 17(2), 373-403.
50. Rico-Amoros, A. M., Olcina-Cantos, J., & Saurí, D. (2009). Tourist land use patterns and water demand: evidence from the Western Mediterranean, Land Use Policy, 26(2), 493-501.
51. Rodriguez, V., (2001). Tourism as a recruiting post for retirement migration, Tourism Geographies,3(1), 52-63.
52. Rodriguez, V, Fernandez-Mayoralas, G. and Rojo, F. (1998). European retirees on the Costa del Sol: a Crossnational comparison, International Journal of Population Geography 4, 183-200.
53. Romita, T. (2016). Lifestyles and consumption of do-it-yourself residential tourists in Italy. In Roca, Z. (Ed.) Second Home Tourism in Europe: Lifestyle Issues and Policy Responses, (pp. 263-284), Newyork: Routledge.
54. Sirgy, M. J., Michalos, A. C., Ferriss, A. L., Easterlin, R. A., Patrick, D., & Pavot, W. (2006). The quality-of-life (QOL) research movement: Past, present, and future, Social Indicators Research, 76(3), 343-466.
55. Sunil, T. S., Rojas, V., & Bradley, D. E. (2007). United States' international retirement migration: the reasons for retiring to the environs of Lake Chapala, Mexico, Ageing & Society, 27(4), 489-510.
56. Torkington, K. (2012). Place and lifestyle migration: The discursive construction of ‘glocal’place-identity, Mobilities, 7(1), 71-92.
57. Uysal, M., Sirgy, M. J., Woo, E., & Kim, H. L. (2016). Quality of life (QOL) and well-being research in tourism, Tourism Management, 53, 244-261.
58. Veenhoven, R. (2000). The four qualities of life ordering concepts and measures of the good life, Journal of Happiness Studies, 1, 1-39.
59. Wei, S., & Milman, A. (2002). The impact of participation in activities while on vacation on seniors' psychological well-being: a path model application, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 26(2), 175-185.
60. Wikimedia, (2017). Category: Maps of Alanya, Retrieved: 11.28.2017, from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Maps_of_Alanya
61. Williams, L. N. (2010) Second home tourism in rural Tobago - the perceived socio-economic and environmental impacts. Unpublished Master Thesis, Lund University, Department of Environmental Studies and Sustainability Science, Sweden.
62. Williams, A. M., King, R., Warnes, A., & Patterson, G. (2000). Tourism and international retirement migration: new forms of an old relationship in southern Europe, Tourism Geographies, 2(1), 28-49.
63. World Health Organization, (1997). WHOQOL: Measuring Quality Of Life World Health Organization: Division Of Mental Health And Prevention Of Substance Abuse, Geneva: WHO.
64. Zukiwsky, J. M. (2010). Understanding and managing the effects of residential tourism on quality of life in Fernie, Unpublished Master Thesis. Simon Fraser University, School of Resource and Environmental Management, Canada.