COVID-19, Wine Routes, Crisis Management and Resilience Amongst Rural Wine Tourism Businesses
Year 2022,
Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 1 - 26, 01.03.2022
Elisabeth Kastenholz
Diana Cunha
,
Conceição Cunha
Cristina Barroco
Andreia Pereira
,
Maria João Carneiro
Bernard Lane
Abstract
This paper addresses the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on wine route related rural tourism along two Portuguese wine routes, as perceived by agents of supply on those routes. Discourses from 47 interviews are subjected to content analysis, considering impact perception and crisis management approaches. The results highlight COVID-19’s impacts on wine tourism businesses, including financial losses, negative emotions and systemic effects, the latter illustrating the chain of adverse effects caused by COVID-19. Many uncoordinated strategies employed to cope with the pandemic are noted. The research suggests that perceived impacts of COVID-19 relate to business profiles, to the regional context, to the stage of the crisis and specific strategies adopted. The theoretical and practical implications for future tourism management, especially in the context of wine and rural tourism, as well as sustainable tourism, are discussed, including the need for social capital creation, partnership work and product development through innovation.
Supporting Institution
FCT
Project Number
PTDC/GES-GCE/32259/2017 - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032259
Thanks
This work was developed in the scope of the research project TWINE - PTDC/GES-GCE/32259/2017 - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032259, funded by the ERDF through the COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI), and national funds (OPTDC/GES-GCE/32259/2017 -E), through FCT/MCTES.
References
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- Bruwer, J., Coode, M., Saliba, A., & Herbst, F. (2013). Wine tourism experience effects of the tasting room on consumer brand loyalty. Tourism Analysis, 18(4), 399-414.
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- Carneiro, M. J., Lima, J., & Silva, A. L. (2015). Landscape and the rural tourism experience: identifying key elements, addressing potential, and implications for the future. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(8-9), 1217-1235.
- Cartier, E. A., & Taylor, L. L. (2020). Living in a wildfire: The relationship between crisis management and community resilience in a tourism-based destination. Tourism Management Perspectives, 34, 100635. doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100635.
- Charters, S., & Ali-Knight, J. (2002). Who is the wine tourist?. Tourism Management, 23(3), 311–319.
Cheer, M., & Lew, A. (2018). Tourism, Resilience and Sustainability: Adapting to Social, Political and Economic Change. New York: Routledge.
- Correia, A., Vaughan, R., Edwards, J., & Silva, G. (2014). The potential for cooperation between wine and tourism businesses in the provision of tourism experiences: The case of the Douro valley of Portugal. Revista Portuguesa de Estudos Regionais, 36(1), 43-55.
- Dahles, H., & Susilowati, T. P. (2015). Business resilience in times of growth and crisis. Annals of Tourism Research, 51, 34-50.
- Diedrich, A., & Aswani, S. (2016). Exploring the potential impacts of tourism development on social and ecological change in the Solomon Islands. Ambio 45, 808–818. doi:10.1007/s13280-016-0781-x
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- Holland, T., Smit, B., & Jones, G. V. (2017). Toward a conceptual framework of terroir tourism: a case study of the Prince Edward County, Ontario Wine Region. Tourism Planning and Development, 11(3), 275–291.
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- Jamal, T., & Budke, C. (2020). Tourism in a world with pandemics: Local-global responsibility and action. Journal of Tourism Futures, 6(2), 181-188.
- Kastenholz, E. (2018). Tourism and specific localities - mountains, deserts and coasts. In C. Cooper, B. Gartner, N. Scott, & S. Volo Sag (Eds.), Handbook of Tourism Management (pp. 493-515). London: Sage.
- Kim, S. S., Chun, H., & Lee, H. (2005). The effects of SARS on the Korean hotel industry and measures to overcome the crisis: A case study of six Korean five-star hotels. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 10(4), 369-377.
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- Lane, B. (2020). Re-booting Tourism: Can Sustainable Tourism save the tourism world?, Bolzano, Italy. Eurac, 2020 for the Government of South Tyrol, Italy. Retrieved December 20, 2020, from https://www.eurac.edu/en/blogs/covid-19/re-booting-tourism-can-sustainable-tourism-save-the-tourism-world
- Lane, B., & Kastenholz, E. (2015). Rural tourism: the evolution of practice and research approaches – towards a new generation concept?. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(8-9), 1133-1156.
- Laws, E., Prideaux, B., & Chon, K. (2007). Crisis management in tourism: Challenges for managers and researches. In E. Laws, B. Prideaux, & K. Chon (Eds), Crisis Management in Tourism (pp. 1-12). Cambridge: Cab International.
- Lew, A. (2014). Scale, change and resilience in community tourism planning. Tourism Geographies, 16(1), 14-22. doi: 10.1080/14616688.2013.864325
- López-Guzmán, T., Vieira-Rodríguez, & Rodríguez-García, J. (2014). Profile and motivations of European tourists on the Sherry wine route of Spain. Tourism Management Perspectives, 11, 63-68.
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- McManus, S., Seville, E., Vargo, J., & Brunsdon, D. (2008). A facilitated process for improving organizational resilience. Natural Hazards Review, 9(2), 81–90.
- Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. London: Sage.
- Mohajan, H. (2018). Qualitative research methodology in social sciences and related subjects. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, 7(1), 23-48.
- Moyle, B., Moyle, C., Ruhanen, L., Weaver, D., & Hadinejad, A. (2020). Are we really progressing sustainable tourism research? A bibliometric analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 106-122.
- Nian, S., Zhang, J., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., Li, D., Wu, K., Chen, X., & Yang, L. (2019). Two sides of a coin: A crisis response perspective on tourist community participation in a post-disaster environment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(12), 2073-2092.
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- Paraskevas, A., & Quek, M. (2019). When Castro seized the Hilton: Risk and crisis management lessons from the past. Tourism Management, 70, 419–429.
- Pearson, C. M., & Mitroff, I. I. (1993). From crisis prone to crisis prepared: A framework for crisis management. The Academy of Management Executive, 7(1), 48–59.
- Pellin, V., & Vieira, A.C.P. (2015). Contributions of geographical indications for territorial strengthening in rural space: A case study in southern Brazil. Espacios, 36(8), 7-7.
- Pestana, M. H., & Gageiro, J. N. (2008). Análise de Dados para Ciências Sociais [Data analysis in social sciences] (5a ed.). Lisboa: Edições Silabo.
- Quadri-Felitti, D., & Fiore, A. M. (2012). Experience economy constructs as a framework for understanding wine tourism. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 18(1), 3-15.
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- Scott, D., Gössling, S., & Hall, C. M. (2012). International tourism and climate change. WIREs Climate Change, 3, 213-232.
- Selin, S. (1999) Developing a typology of sustainable tourism partnerships. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 7(3-4), 260-273.
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- Sharpley, R., & Pearce, T. (2007). Tourism, marketing and sustainable development in the English national parks: The role of national park authorities. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(5), 557-573.
- Sidali, K. L., Kastenholz, E., & Bianchi, R. (2015). Food tourism, niche markets and products in rural tourism: combining the intimacy model and the experience economy as a rural development strategy. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(8-9), 1179-1197.
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Year 2022,
Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 1 - 26, 01.03.2022
Elisabeth Kastenholz
Diana Cunha
,
Conceição Cunha
Cristina Barroco
Andreia Pereira
,
Maria João Carneiro
Bernard Lane
Project Number
PTDC/GES-GCE/32259/2017 - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032259
References
- Almeida, F., & Silva, O. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on tourism sustainability: Evidence from Portugal. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research, 8(2), 440-446. doi: 10.30519/ahtr.775340
- Blake, A., & Sinclair, M. T. (2003). Tourism crisis management: US response to September 11. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(4), 813-832.
- Bruwer, J., Coode, M., Saliba, A., & Herbst, F. (2013). Wine tourism experience effects of the tasting room on consumer brand loyalty. Tourism Analysis, 18(4), 399-414.
- Bruwer, J., & Rueger-Muck, E. (2019). Wine tourism and hedonic experience: A motivation-based experiential view. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 19(4), 488-502.
- Bausch, T., Schröder, V., Tauber, V., & Lane, B. (2021). Sustainable tourism: The elephant in the room. Sustainability 2021, 13(15), 8376; doi.org/10.3390/su13158376
- Carneiro, M. J., Lima, J., & Silva, A. L. (2015). Landscape and the rural tourism experience: identifying key elements, addressing potential, and implications for the future. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(8-9), 1217-1235.
- Cartier, E. A., & Taylor, L. L. (2020). Living in a wildfire: The relationship between crisis management and community resilience in a tourism-based destination. Tourism Management Perspectives, 34, 100635. doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100635.
- Charters, S., & Ali-Knight, J. (2002). Who is the wine tourist?. Tourism Management, 23(3), 311–319.
Cheer, M., & Lew, A. (2018). Tourism, Resilience and Sustainability: Adapting to Social, Political and Economic Change. New York: Routledge.
- Correia, A., Vaughan, R., Edwards, J., & Silva, G. (2014). The potential for cooperation between wine and tourism businesses in the provision of tourism experiences: The case of the Douro valley of Portugal. Revista Portuguesa de Estudos Regionais, 36(1), 43-55.
- Dahles, H., & Susilowati, T. P. (2015). Business resilience in times of growth and crisis. Annals of Tourism Research, 51, 34-50.
- Diedrich, A., & Aswani, S. (2016). Exploring the potential impacts of tourism development on social and ecological change in the Solomon Islands. Ambio 45, 808–818. doi:10.1007/s13280-016-0781-x
- Folinas, S., & Metaxas, T. (2020). Tourism: The great patient of coronavirus COVID-2019. MPRA Paper 99666, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Füller, H., & Michel, B. (2014). New dynamics of urban tourism in Berlin. International Journal of Urban Regional Research, 38, 1304-1318. doi: 10.1111/1468-2427.12124
- Forbes. (2020). Coronavirus Layoffs: Boeing Lays Off 6,770 Workers Amid Pandemic. Retrieved June 01, 2020, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/lisettevoytko/2020/05/27/coronavirus-layoffs-boeing-lays-off-6770-workers-amid-pandemic/#32c4f7cb45bd
- Gössling, S., & Lane, B. (2015). Rural tourism and the development of Internet-based accommodation booking platforms: a study in the advantages, dangers and implications of innovation. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(8-9),1386-1403.
- Gössling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C. M. (2021). Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 1-20.
- Guedes, A., & Joukes, V. (2015). Hotel ships on the Douro river and their relationship with the terroir. In M. Peris-Ortiz, M. Rama, & C. Rueda-Armengot (Eds.), Wine and Tourism: A Strategic Segment for Sustainable Economic Development (pp. 87-105). Germany: Springer.
- Hall, C. M. (2009). Degrowing tourism: Décroissance, sustainable consumption and steady-state tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(1), 46–61.
- Hall, C. M. (2010). Crisis events in tourism: subjects of crisis in tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 13(5), 401-417.
- Hall, C. M., Longo, A. M., Mitchell, R., & Johnson, G. (2000). Wine tourism in New Zealand. In C. M. Hall, L. Sharples, B. Cambourne, & N. Macionis (Eds.), Wine Tourism Around the World: Development, Management and Markets (pp. 150-174). Oxford: Elsevier Science.
- Henderson, J. C. (2004). Managing a health-related crisis: SARS in Singapore. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 10(1), 67-77.
- Higgins-Desbiolles, F., Carnicelli, S., Krolikowski, C., Wijesinghe, G., & Boluk, K. (2019). Degrowing tourism: rethinking tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(12), 1926-1944.
- Holland, T., Smit, B., & Jones, G. V. (2017). Toward a conceptual framework of terroir tourism: a case study of the Prince Edward County, Ontario Wine Region. Tourism Planning and Development, 11(3), 275–291.
- IATA (2020). COVID-19: Updated Impact Assessment. Retrieved December 27, 2020, from https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/third-impact-assessment/
- Jamal, T., & Budke, C. (2020). Tourism in a world with pandemics: Local-global responsibility and action. Journal of Tourism Futures, 6(2), 181-188.
- Kastenholz, E. (2018). Tourism and specific localities - mountains, deserts and coasts. In C. Cooper, B. Gartner, N. Scott, & S. Volo Sag (Eds.), Handbook of Tourism Management (pp. 493-515). London: Sage.
- Kim, S. S., Chun, H., & Lee, H. (2005). The effects of SARS on the Korean hotel industry and measures to overcome the crisis: A case study of six Korean five-star hotels. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 10(4), 369-377.
- Lane, B. (1994). What is rural tourism?. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2(1-2), 7-21.
- Lane, B. (2009). Rural tourism: An overview, Chapter 21. In T. Jamal, & M. Robinson (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Tourism Studies (pp. 354-370). London: Sage Publications.
- Lane, B. (2020). Re-booting Tourism: Can Sustainable Tourism save the tourism world?, Bolzano, Italy. Eurac, 2020 for the Government of South Tyrol, Italy. Retrieved December 20, 2020, from https://www.eurac.edu/en/blogs/covid-19/re-booting-tourism-can-sustainable-tourism-save-the-tourism-world
- Lane, B., & Kastenholz, E. (2015). Rural tourism: the evolution of practice and research approaches – towards a new generation concept?. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(8-9), 1133-1156.
- Laws, E., Prideaux, B., & Chon, K. (2007). Crisis management in tourism: Challenges for managers and researches. In E. Laws, B. Prideaux, & K. Chon (Eds), Crisis Management in Tourism (pp. 1-12). Cambridge: Cab International.
- Lew, A. (2014). Scale, change and resilience in community tourism planning. Tourism Geographies, 16(1), 14-22. doi: 10.1080/14616688.2013.864325
- López-Guzmán, T., Vieira-Rodríguez, & Rodríguez-García, J. (2014). Profile and motivations of European tourists on the Sherry wine route of Spain. Tourism Management Perspectives, 11, 63-68.
- MacMillan, M. (2020, May 9). The world after covid-19. The Economist. Retrieved September 13, 2020, from https://www.economist.com/by-invitation/2020/05/09/margaret-macmillan-on-covid-19-as-a-turning-point-in-history
- McManus, S., Seville, E., Vargo, J., & Brunsdon, D. (2008). A facilitated process for improving organizational resilience. Natural Hazards Review, 9(2), 81–90.
- Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. London: Sage.
- Mohajan, H. (2018). Qualitative research methodology in social sciences and related subjects. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, 7(1), 23-48.
- Moyle, B., Moyle, C., Ruhanen, L., Weaver, D., & Hadinejad, A. (2020). Are we really progressing sustainable tourism research? A bibliometric analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 106-122.
- Nian, S., Zhang, J., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., Li, D., Wu, K., Chen, X., & Yang, L. (2019). Two sides of a coin: A crisis response perspective on tourist community participation in a post-disaster environment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(12), 2073-2092.
- Oh, H., Assaf, A. G., & Baloglu, S. (2016). Motivations and goals of slow tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 55(2), 205-219.
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (1994). Tourism Strategies and Rural Development. Retrieved December 20, 2020, from https://www.oecd.org/cfe/tourism/2755218.pdf
- Page, S., Song, H., & Wu, D. C. (2012). Assessing the impacts of the global economic crisis and swine flu on inbound tourism demand in the United Kingdom. Journal of Travel Research, 51(2), 142-153.
- Paraskevas, A., & Quek, M. (2019). When Castro seized the Hilton: Risk and crisis management lessons from the past. Tourism Management, 70, 419–429.
- Pearson, C. M., & Mitroff, I. I. (1993). From crisis prone to crisis prepared: A framework for crisis management. The Academy of Management Executive, 7(1), 48–59.
- Pellin, V., & Vieira, A.C.P. (2015). Contributions of geographical indications for territorial strengthening in rural space: A case study in southern Brazil. Espacios, 36(8), 7-7.
- Pestana, M. H., & Gageiro, J. N. (2008). Análise de Dados para Ciências Sociais [Data analysis in social sciences] (5a ed.). Lisboa: Edições Silabo.
- Quadri-Felitti, D., & Fiore, A. M. (2012). Experience economy constructs as a framework for understanding wine tourism. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 18(1), 3-15.
- Rosenthal, U., Charles, M. T., & Hart, P. (1989). The world of crises and crisis management. In U. Rosenthal, M. T. Charles, & P. Hart (Eds.), Coping with crises: The management of disasters, riots and terrorism (pp. 3–33). Springfield: IL Charles C. Thomas.
- Scaglione, M. (2007). Post-crisis forecasting: Better make haste slowly. In E. Laws, B. Prideaux, & K. Chon (Eds.), Crisis Management in Tourism (pp. 13-31). Cambridge: Cab International.
- Scott, D., Gössling, S., & Hall, C. M. (2012). International tourism and climate change. WIREs Climate Change, 3, 213-232.
- Selin, S. (1999) Developing a typology of sustainable tourism partnerships. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 7(3-4), 260-273.
- Semone, P. (2007). Preface: The Tsunami of 26 December 2005, PATA’S initial response. In E. Laws, B. Prideaux, & K. Chon (Eds), Crisis Management in Tourism (pp. 13-18). Cambridge: Cab International.
- Sharpley, R., & Pearce, T. (2007). Tourism, marketing and sustainable development in the English national parks: The role of national park authorities. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(5), 557-573.
- Sidali, K. L., Kastenholz, E., & Bianchi, R. (2015). Food tourism, niche markets and products in rural tourism: combining the intimacy model and the experience economy as a rural development strategy. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(8-9), 1179-1197.
- Sigala, M. (2020). Tourism and COVID-19: Impacts and implications for advancing and resetting industry and research. Journal of Business Research, 117, 312-321.
- Stanford, D., & Guiver, J. (2016). Driving pro-environmental change in tourist destinations: encouraging sustainable travel in National Parks via partnership project creation and implementation. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 4(3), 484-505.
- Statista. (2020a). Impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the global economy - Statistics & Facts. Retrieved June 1, 2020, from https://www.statista.com/topics/6139/covid-19-impact-on-the-global-economy/
- Statista (2020b). Who's Most Vulnerable to COVID-19's Impact on Tourism? Retrieved June 1, 2020, from https://www.statista.com/chart/21391/total-contribution-of-travel-and-tourism-to-gdp-of-selected-countries/
- Statista (2020c). Coronavirus: impact on the tourism industry worldwide - Statistics & Facts. Retrieved June 1, 2020, from https://www.statista.com/topics/6224/covid-19-impact-on-the-tourism-industry/
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- WHO (2020a). Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19). Retrieved June 1, 2020, from https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses
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