Research Article
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A Preliminary Field Work on Digital Heritage and the Use of Virtual Reality for Cultural Heritage Management

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 625 - 645, 06.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.1054259

Abstract

This paper presents the results of a multidisciplinary research project carried on during the Covid-19 Pandemic and supported by TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey). The results are gathered from six months of field and office work, as the project was limited with this period. The archaeological site of Letoon in Muğla/Turkey has been chosen as the test area, specifically the triple temples of Leto, Apollo, and Artemis. Photogrammetric reconstruction of the current situation, as well as archaeologically accurate 3D models, have been created and converted into interactive immersive VR content to measure consumer behaviour and experience. These two different types of 3D content are integrated into the VR environment both separately and as a single content with switching from one to the other. After the creation process, the content was experienced by the visitors with different demographic characteristics and a survey was conducted to measure this experience.

Project Number

120K375

References

  • Atik-Korkmaz, S. (2016). Ana Tanrıçanın Kutsal Alanı: Letoon. In H. İşkan & E. Dündar (Eds.), Lukka’dan Likya’ya Sarpedon ve Aziz Nikolaos’un Ülkesi (pp. 186-205). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Barcelo, J. A. (2009). Computational Intelligence in Archaeology. New York: The IGI Group.
  • Bilici, F., & Özdemir, E. (2019). Tüketicilerin artırılmış gerçeklik teknolojilerini kullanmaya yönelik tutum ve niyeti üzerine bir araştırma. BMIJ, 7(5), 2011-2033. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v7i5.1252
  • Bucher, J. (2017). Storytelling for Virtual Reality: Methods and Principles. New York and Oxon: Routledge.
  • CAA (1998). Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. Proceedings of the 26th Conference, Barcelona, March 1998, Oxford: BAR International Series 757.
  • Cavalier, L., & des Courtils J. (2013). Empreinte lagide au Létoon de Xanthos?. In P. Brun, L. Cavalier, K. Konuk & F. Prost (Eds.), Euploia. La Lycie et la Carie Antiques (Dynamiques des territoires, échanges et identités) Actes du Colloque de Bordeaux, 5,6 et 7 novembre 2009 Ausonius Mémoires 34 (pp. 143-152). Bordeaux: Université Michel de Montaigne.
  • Çevik, N. (2015). Likya Kitabı. İstanbul: Suna & İnan Kıraç Foundation.
  • Des Courtils, J. (2003). Ksanthos ve Letoon Rehberi. İstanbul: Ege Publications.
  • Doğan, E., & Kan, M. H. (2020). Bringing heritage sites to life for visitors: towards a conceptual Framework for immersive experience. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR), 8(1), 76-99. https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.630783
  • Eisenbeiss, H., & Zhang, L. (2006). Comparison of DSMs generated from mini UAV imagery and terrestrial laser scanner in a cultural heritage application. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 36(5), 90-96.
  • Farman, J. (2014). Storytelling with mobile media: Exploring the intersection of site-specificity, content, and materiality. In G. Goggin & L. Hjorth (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Mobile Media (pp. 528-537). New York and Oxon: Routledge.
  • Gergen, K. J. (2002). The challenge of absent presence. In J. E. Katz & M. A. Aakhus (Eds.), Perpetual Contact: Mobile Communication, Private Talk, Public Performance (pp. 227-241). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gillings, M. (2000). Plans, elevations and virtual worlds: The development of techniques for the routine construction of hyperreal simulations. In J. A. Barceló, M. Forte, & D. H. Sanders (Eds.), Virtual Reality in Archaeology (pp. 843). Oxford: BAR International Series.
  • Goulding, C., Saren, M., & Pressey, A. 2018. ‘Presence’ and ‘absence’ in themed heritage. Annals of Tourism Research, 71, 25-38.
  • Grün, A., Remondino, F., & Zhang, L. (2004). Photogrammetric reconstruction of the great Buddha of Bamiyan, Afghanistan. The Photogrammetric Record, 19(107), 177-199.
  • Hansen, E. (1991). Le Temple de Léto au Létoon de Xanthos. Revue Archéologique, Nouvelle Série Fasc., 2, 323-340.
  • Hansen, E., & Le Roy, C. (1976). Au Letoon de Xantos: Les deux temples de Leto. Revue Archéologique, 2, 317-336.
  • Hansen, E., & Le Roy, C. (2012). Le temple de Léto au Létoon de Xanthos, étude architecturale. Fouilles de Xanthos, Copenhagen.
  • Heinze, L. (2014). Modernisierte Hüllen? Das Letoon bei Xanthos und die Verwendung von Tempeln als Medium der Errinnerungskultur in hellenistischen Heiligtümern. In A. Matthaei, & Μ. Zimmermann (Eds.), Stadkultur im Hellenismus. Die Hellenistische Polis als Lebensform (pp. 76-96). Heidelberg.
  • ICOMOS (2008). The ICOMOS Charter for the Interpretation and Presentation of Cultural Heritage Sites. 16th General Assembly of ICOMOS, Québec, Canada.
  • Ioannidis, C., Demir, N., Soile, S., & Tsakiri, M. (2005). Combination of laser scanner data and simple photogrammetric procedures for surface reconstruction of monuments. In CIPA 2005 20th International Symposium, Torino (Italy) (Vol. 26).
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factoral simplicity. Psychometrika, 39(1), 31-36.
  • Kidd, J. (2018). Immersive heritage encounters. The Museum Review, 3(1), 3-16. Retrieved December 27, 2020, from http://articles.themuseumreview.org/tmr_vol3no1_kidd
  • Laroche, D. (2007). La reconstruction du temple de Léto au Létoon de Xanthos. Revue Archéologique, 1, 169-174.
  • Liritzis, I., Al-Otaibi, F. M., Volonakis, P., & Drivaliari, A. (2015). Digital technologies and trends in cultural heritage. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, 15(3), 313-332.
  • Metzger, H. (1979). Fouilles de Xanthos VI, La Stele Trilungue du Letoon. Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck.
  • Netemeyer, R. G., Dursavula, S., & Lichtenstein, D. R. (1991). Across-national assessment of the reliability and validity of the CETSCALE. Journal of Marketing Research, 28(3), 320-327.
  • Rahaman, H. (2018). Digital heritage interpretation: A conceptual framework. Digital Creativity, 29, 208-234.
  • Remondino, F. (2011). Heritage recording and 3D modeling with photogrammetry and 3D scanning. Remote Sensing, 3(6), 1104-1138. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3061104
  • Rese, A., Schreiber, S., & Baier, D. (2014). Technology acceptance modeling of augmented reality at the point of sale: can surveys be replaced by an analysis of online reviews? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 21(5), 869-876.
  • Rose, M., & Wylie, J. (2006). Animating landscape. Environment and planning D: Society and Space, 24, 475-479. https://doi.org/10.1068/d2404ed
  • Sekaran, U. (1992). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Smith, L. (2012). Discourses of heritage: implications for archaeological community practice. Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos [En ligne], Questions du temps présent, mis en ligne le 05 octobre 2012, consulté le 15 juin 2019. Retrieved December 27, 2020, from http://journals.openedition.org/nuevomundo/64148
  • Wheatley, D., & Gillings, M. (2000). Vision perception and GIS: Developing enriched approaches to the study of archaeological visibility. In G. Lock (Ed.), Beyond the Map: Archaeology and Spatial Technologies (pp. 1-21). Amsterdam: IOS Press.
  • Young, S. J. (2017). Public architecture, space and identity in six poleis in AsiaMinor: The observer through time (from the 2nd century B.C. to the 3rd century A.D.). Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne, Australia.
Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 625 - 645, 06.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.1054259

Abstract

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

120K375

References

  • Atik-Korkmaz, S. (2016). Ana Tanrıçanın Kutsal Alanı: Letoon. In H. İşkan & E. Dündar (Eds.), Lukka’dan Likya’ya Sarpedon ve Aziz Nikolaos’un Ülkesi (pp. 186-205). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Barcelo, J. A. (2009). Computational Intelligence in Archaeology. New York: The IGI Group.
  • Bilici, F., & Özdemir, E. (2019). Tüketicilerin artırılmış gerçeklik teknolojilerini kullanmaya yönelik tutum ve niyeti üzerine bir araştırma. BMIJ, 7(5), 2011-2033. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v7i5.1252
  • Bucher, J. (2017). Storytelling for Virtual Reality: Methods and Principles. New York and Oxon: Routledge.
  • CAA (1998). Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. Proceedings of the 26th Conference, Barcelona, March 1998, Oxford: BAR International Series 757.
  • Cavalier, L., & des Courtils J. (2013). Empreinte lagide au Létoon de Xanthos?. In P. Brun, L. Cavalier, K. Konuk & F. Prost (Eds.), Euploia. La Lycie et la Carie Antiques (Dynamiques des territoires, échanges et identités) Actes du Colloque de Bordeaux, 5,6 et 7 novembre 2009 Ausonius Mémoires 34 (pp. 143-152). Bordeaux: Université Michel de Montaigne.
  • Çevik, N. (2015). Likya Kitabı. İstanbul: Suna & İnan Kıraç Foundation.
  • Des Courtils, J. (2003). Ksanthos ve Letoon Rehberi. İstanbul: Ege Publications.
  • Doğan, E., & Kan, M. H. (2020). Bringing heritage sites to life for visitors: towards a conceptual Framework for immersive experience. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR), 8(1), 76-99. https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.630783
  • Eisenbeiss, H., & Zhang, L. (2006). Comparison of DSMs generated from mini UAV imagery and terrestrial laser scanner in a cultural heritage application. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 36(5), 90-96.
  • Farman, J. (2014). Storytelling with mobile media: Exploring the intersection of site-specificity, content, and materiality. In G. Goggin & L. Hjorth (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Mobile Media (pp. 528-537). New York and Oxon: Routledge.
  • Gergen, K. J. (2002). The challenge of absent presence. In J. E. Katz & M. A. Aakhus (Eds.), Perpetual Contact: Mobile Communication, Private Talk, Public Performance (pp. 227-241). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gillings, M. (2000). Plans, elevations and virtual worlds: The development of techniques for the routine construction of hyperreal simulations. In J. A. Barceló, M. Forte, & D. H. Sanders (Eds.), Virtual Reality in Archaeology (pp. 843). Oxford: BAR International Series.
  • Goulding, C., Saren, M., & Pressey, A. 2018. ‘Presence’ and ‘absence’ in themed heritage. Annals of Tourism Research, 71, 25-38.
  • Grün, A., Remondino, F., & Zhang, L. (2004). Photogrammetric reconstruction of the great Buddha of Bamiyan, Afghanistan. The Photogrammetric Record, 19(107), 177-199.
  • Hansen, E. (1991). Le Temple de Léto au Létoon de Xanthos. Revue Archéologique, Nouvelle Série Fasc., 2, 323-340.
  • Hansen, E., & Le Roy, C. (1976). Au Letoon de Xantos: Les deux temples de Leto. Revue Archéologique, 2, 317-336.
  • Hansen, E., & Le Roy, C. (2012). Le temple de Léto au Létoon de Xanthos, étude architecturale. Fouilles de Xanthos, Copenhagen.
  • Heinze, L. (2014). Modernisierte Hüllen? Das Letoon bei Xanthos und die Verwendung von Tempeln als Medium der Errinnerungskultur in hellenistischen Heiligtümern. In A. Matthaei, & Μ. Zimmermann (Eds.), Stadkultur im Hellenismus. Die Hellenistische Polis als Lebensform (pp. 76-96). Heidelberg.
  • ICOMOS (2008). The ICOMOS Charter for the Interpretation and Presentation of Cultural Heritage Sites. 16th General Assembly of ICOMOS, Québec, Canada.
  • Ioannidis, C., Demir, N., Soile, S., & Tsakiri, M. (2005). Combination of laser scanner data and simple photogrammetric procedures for surface reconstruction of monuments. In CIPA 2005 20th International Symposium, Torino (Italy) (Vol. 26).
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factoral simplicity. Psychometrika, 39(1), 31-36.
  • Kidd, J. (2018). Immersive heritage encounters. The Museum Review, 3(1), 3-16. Retrieved December 27, 2020, from http://articles.themuseumreview.org/tmr_vol3no1_kidd
  • Laroche, D. (2007). La reconstruction du temple de Léto au Létoon de Xanthos. Revue Archéologique, 1, 169-174.
  • Liritzis, I., Al-Otaibi, F. M., Volonakis, P., & Drivaliari, A. (2015). Digital technologies and trends in cultural heritage. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, 15(3), 313-332.
  • Metzger, H. (1979). Fouilles de Xanthos VI, La Stele Trilungue du Letoon. Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck.
  • Netemeyer, R. G., Dursavula, S., & Lichtenstein, D. R. (1991). Across-national assessment of the reliability and validity of the CETSCALE. Journal of Marketing Research, 28(3), 320-327.
  • Rahaman, H. (2018). Digital heritage interpretation: A conceptual framework. Digital Creativity, 29, 208-234.
  • Remondino, F. (2011). Heritage recording and 3D modeling with photogrammetry and 3D scanning. Remote Sensing, 3(6), 1104-1138. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3061104
  • Rese, A., Schreiber, S., & Baier, D. (2014). Technology acceptance modeling of augmented reality at the point of sale: can surveys be replaced by an analysis of online reviews? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 21(5), 869-876.
  • Rose, M., & Wylie, J. (2006). Animating landscape. Environment and planning D: Society and Space, 24, 475-479. https://doi.org/10.1068/d2404ed
  • Sekaran, U. (1992). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Smith, L. (2012). Discourses of heritage: implications for archaeological community practice. Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos [En ligne], Questions du temps présent, mis en ligne le 05 octobre 2012, consulté le 15 juin 2019. Retrieved December 27, 2020, from http://journals.openedition.org/nuevomundo/64148
  • Wheatley, D., & Gillings, M. (2000). Vision perception and GIS: Developing enriched approaches to the study of archaeological visibility. In G. Lock (Ed.), Beyond the Map: Archaeology and Spatial Technologies (pp. 1-21). Amsterdam: IOS Press.
  • Young, S. J. (2017). Public architecture, space and identity in six poleis in AsiaMinor: The observer through time (from the 2nd century B.C. to the 3rd century A.D.). Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne, Australia.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

M. Hamdi Kan 0000-0001-7947-7140

Hava Keskin 0000-0001-7747-7059

Nusret Demir 0000-0002-8756-7127

Serdar Selim 0000-0002-5631-6253

Erdoğan Aslan 0000-0002-3437-7207

Nilgün Güneş This is me 0000-0002-1793-1878

Project Number 120K375
Publication Date December 6, 2022
Submission Date January 6, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 10 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Kan, M. H., Keskin, H., Demir, N., Selim, S., et al. (2022). A Preliminary Field Work on Digital Heritage and the Use of Virtual Reality for Cultural Heritage Management. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR), 10(4), 625-645. https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.1054259


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