Research Article
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The Management of a Government-Hosted Festival from Stakeholders’ Perspectives: International Manisa Mesir Paste Festival

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 530 - 558, 06.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.979961

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine how a local government hosts and manages a large-scale festival from the perspectives of stakeholders, including the organizing committee members, government entities, academics, businesses, tourists, and residents. The study investigates the way International Manisa Mesir Paste Festival (hereafter Mesir Festival) is managed and detects how different entities explain the reasons of the success or failure of the public festival as well as providing recommendations to increase success. The research applies a qualitative method to explore the determinants of the success of this festival organization. In this study, researchers conducted 22 semi-structured interviews with different stakeholders. The findings reveal that public administration is prevalent and dominant in deciding the content and administration of the Mesir Festival. Three significant main themes were determined: shortcomings, benefits or contributions, and recommendations. The results indicate that the festival did not achieve any notable economic, social, or cultural gains, thus, shortcomings of the festival exceed its benefits. This research provides valuable insights into the study of festival management by extending our understandings of government-hosted and managed festivals.

Supporting Institution

No support was received from any organization during the conduct of this study.

References

  • Adongo, R., & Kim, S. (2018). Whose festival is it anyway? Analysis of festival stakeholder power, legitimacy, urgency, and the sustainability of local festival. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(11), 1863-1889.
  • Allen, J., O’Toole, W., McDonnell, I., & Harris, R. (2002). Festival and special event management (2nd ed.). Milton: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Andersson, T. D., & Getz, D. (2008). Stakeholder management strategies of festivals. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 9(3), 199-220.
  • Andersson, T. D., & Getz, D. (2009). Festival ownership. Differences between public, nonprofit and private festivals in Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 9(2-3), 249-265.
  • Arcodia, C., & Whitford, M. (2006). Festival attendance and the development of social capital. Journal of Convention and Event Tourism, 8(2), 1-18.
  • AREGEM (2012). Mesir Macunu Festivali. Retrieved January 23, 2021, from http://aregem.kulturturizm.gov.tr/TR,50999/mesir-macunu-festivali.html
  • Batt, P. J., & Purchase, S. (2004). Managing collaboration within networks and relationships. Industrial Marketing Management, 33(3), 169-174.
  • Chang, Y.C. (2020). Creating value through the performing arts festival: The multi-stakeholder approach. Journal of Macromarketing, 40(2), 185-200.
  • Cho, B.S., Lee, J., Lee, W., & Min, H. (2019). Changing management strategies of a government-hosted festival. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 10(2), 174-188.
  • Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative Sociology, 13(1), 3-21.
  • Crespi-Vallbona, M., & Richards, G. (2007). The meaning of cultural festivals. Stakeholder perspectives in Catalunya. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 13(1), 103-122.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni. (M. Bütün & S. B. Demir, Trans. Eds.). Ankara: Siyasal Yayıncılık.
  • Derrett, R. (2004). Festivals, events and the destination. In I. Yeoman, M. Robertson, J. A. Knight, S. Drummond, & U. McMahon-Beattie (Eds), Festival and events management: An international arts and culture perspective (pp. 32-50). New York: Routledge.
  • Devine, A., & Devine, F. (2015). Government-funded event organizations-good and bad practice. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 6(3), 200-214.
  • Donaldson, T., & Preston, L. E. (1995). The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence, and implications. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 65-91.
  • Döner, G., & Tepeci, M. (2014). Manisa mesir macunu festivali ziyaretçilerinin festivale katılım nedenleri ve memnuniyet düzeylerini etkileyen unsurların belirlenmesi. 15. Ulusal Turizm Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 782-795, Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara, 13-16 Kasım.
  • Duffy, M., & Mair, J. (2021). Future trajectories of festival research. Tourist Studies, 21(1), 9–23.
  • Erdogan-Aksu, H. (2017). A review on the Mesir Macunu Festival of Manisa. Milli Folklar, 29(115), 91-105.
  • Francis J. J., Johnston, M., Robertson C., Glidewell, L., Entwistle, V., Eccles, M. P., & Grimshaw, J. M. (2010). What is an adequate sample size? Operationalising data saturation for theory-based interview studies. Psychology and Health, 25(10),1229-1245.
  • Freeman, R.E. (1984). Strategic management: a stakeholder approach. Boston: Pitman.
  • Frost, W., & Laing, J. (2015). Avoiding burnout: the succession planning, governance and resourcing of rural tourism festivals. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23 (8/9), 1298-1317.
  • Getz, D. (1993). Corporate culture in not-for-profit festival organizations: Concepts and potential applications. Festival Management & Event Tourism, 1(1), 11–17.
  • Getz, D. (1997). Event Management & Event Tourism. New York: Cognizant Communication.
  • Getz, D. (2002). Why festivals fail. Event Management, 7(4), 209-219.
  • Getz, D. (2008). Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research. Tourism Management, 29(3), 403-428.
  • Getz, D. (2010). The nature and scope of festival studies. International Journal of Event Management Research, 5(1), 1-47.
  • Getz, D., Andersson, T.D., & Carlsen, J. (2010). Festival management studies. International Journal of Event Management Research, 1, 29-59.
  • Getz, D., & Frisby, W. (1988). Evaluating management effectiveness in community-run festivals. Journal of Travel Research, 27(1), 22–27.
  • Gursoy, D., Jurowski, C., & Uysal, M. (2002). Resident attitudes: A structural modeling approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 79-105.
  • Gursoy, D., Kim, K., & Uysal, M. (2004). Perceived impacts of festivals and special events by organizers: An extension and validation. Tourism Management, 25, 171-182.
  • Jarman, D. (2021). Festival to festival: Networked relationships between fringe festivals. Event Management, 25(1), 99-113.
  • Liu, C.R., Lin, W.R., Wang, Y.C., & Chen, S.P. (2019). Sustainability indicators for festival tourism: a multistakeholder perspective. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, 20(3), 296-316.
  • Mair, J. (2019). Introduction. In J. Mair (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Festivals, (pp. 3-11). New York: Routhledge.
  • Mair, J., & Weber, K. (2019). Editorial. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 10(3), 209-216.
  • Maxwell, J. A. (2018). Nitel araştırma tasarımı: Etkileşimli bir yaklaşım (M. Çevikbaş, Trans. Ed.). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Merriam, S. B. (2013). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation (3rd edition). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Morgan, M. (2008). What makes a good festival? Understanding the event experience. Event Management, 12(2), 81-93.
  • O'Sullivan, D., & Jackson, M. J. (2002). Festival tourism: a contributor to sustainable local economic development? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 10(4), 325-342.
  • Patton, M.Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Pavluković, V., Armenski, T., & Alcántara-Pilar, J. M. (2017). Social impacts of music festivals: Does culture impact locals' attitude toward events in Serbia and Hungary? Tourism Management, 63, 42-53.
  • Preston, C. (2012). Event marketing: how to successfully promote events, festivals, conventions, and expositions. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Quinn, B. (2006). Problematising "festival tourism": Arts festivals and sustainable development in Ireland. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14, 288-306.
  • Reid, S. & Arcodia, C. (2002). Understanding the role of the stakeholder in event management. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 7(3), 20-22.
  • Rolfe, H. (1992). Arts festivals in the UK. Policy Studies Institute.
  • Roloff, J. (2008). Learning from multi-stakeholder networks: issue-focussed stakeholder management. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(1), 233-250.
  • Rust, E. (2020). Understanding experiential value creation at small-scale events: a multi-stakeholder perspective. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 12(3), 344-362.
  • Tanford, S., & Jung, S. (2017). Festival attributes and perceptions: A meta-analysis of relationships with satisfaction and loyalty. Tourism Management, 61, 209-220.
  • Tepeci, M., İsçi, C., Sel, G. & Kırova, S. (2019). Manisa turizmi mevcut durumunun ve potansiyelinin incelenmesi [Investigation of the current state and potential of Manisa tourism]. In M. Tepeci, İ, Metin, & T. Akçan (Eds.), Manisa Ekonomisi ve Vizyonu [Manisa Economy and Vision] (pp.189-217). Ankara: Detay Yayincilik.
  • Tiew, F., Holmes, K., & de Bussy, N. (2021). Events’ external stakeholders and their influence strategies in tourism: perspectives from Borneo. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(7), 2465-2484.
  • Todd, L., Leask, A., & Ensor, J. (2017). Understanding primary stakeholders' multiple roles in hallmark event tourism management. Tourism Management, 59, 494-509.
  • Turner, V. (1982). Introduction. In V. Turner (Ed.), Celebration: Studies in festivity and ritual. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  • Wilkinson, D. (1993). The Event Management and Marketing Institute. Ontario: Wilkinson Group.
  • Wilson, J., Arshed, N., Shaw, E., & Pret, T. (2017). Expanding the domain of festival research: a review and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19, 195-213.
  • Yan, Q. Zhang, H. & Li, M. (2012). Programming quality of festivals: conceptualization, measurement, and relation to consequences. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 24(4), 653-673.
  • Yeoman, I., McMahon-Beattie, U., Findlay, K., Goh, S., Tieng, S., & Nhem, S. (2021). Future proofing the success of food festivals through determining the drivers of change: A case study of Wellington on a Plate. Tourism Analysis, 26(2-3),167-193.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. [Qualitative research methods in the social sciences] (9th edition). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 530 - 558, 06.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.979961

Abstract

References

  • Adongo, R., & Kim, S. (2018). Whose festival is it anyway? Analysis of festival stakeholder power, legitimacy, urgency, and the sustainability of local festival. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(11), 1863-1889.
  • Allen, J., O’Toole, W., McDonnell, I., & Harris, R. (2002). Festival and special event management (2nd ed.). Milton: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Andersson, T. D., & Getz, D. (2008). Stakeholder management strategies of festivals. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 9(3), 199-220.
  • Andersson, T. D., & Getz, D. (2009). Festival ownership. Differences between public, nonprofit and private festivals in Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 9(2-3), 249-265.
  • Arcodia, C., & Whitford, M. (2006). Festival attendance and the development of social capital. Journal of Convention and Event Tourism, 8(2), 1-18.
  • AREGEM (2012). Mesir Macunu Festivali. Retrieved January 23, 2021, from http://aregem.kulturturizm.gov.tr/TR,50999/mesir-macunu-festivali.html
  • Batt, P. J., & Purchase, S. (2004). Managing collaboration within networks and relationships. Industrial Marketing Management, 33(3), 169-174.
  • Chang, Y.C. (2020). Creating value through the performing arts festival: The multi-stakeholder approach. Journal of Macromarketing, 40(2), 185-200.
  • Cho, B.S., Lee, J., Lee, W., & Min, H. (2019). Changing management strategies of a government-hosted festival. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 10(2), 174-188.
  • Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative Sociology, 13(1), 3-21.
  • Crespi-Vallbona, M., & Richards, G. (2007). The meaning of cultural festivals. Stakeholder perspectives in Catalunya. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 13(1), 103-122.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni. (M. Bütün & S. B. Demir, Trans. Eds.). Ankara: Siyasal Yayıncılık.
  • Derrett, R. (2004). Festivals, events and the destination. In I. Yeoman, M. Robertson, J. A. Knight, S. Drummond, & U. McMahon-Beattie (Eds), Festival and events management: An international arts and culture perspective (pp. 32-50). New York: Routledge.
  • Devine, A., & Devine, F. (2015). Government-funded event organizations-good and bad practice. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 6(3), 200-214.
  • Donaldson, T., & Preston, L. E. (1995). The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence, and implications. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 65-91.
  • Döner, G., & Tepeci, M. (2014). Manisa mesir macunu festivali ziyaretçilerinin festivale katılım nedenleri ve memnuniyet düzeylerini etkileyen unsurların belirlenmesi. 15. Ulusal Turizm Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 782-795, Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara, 13-16 Kasım.
  • Duffy, M., & Mair, J. (2021). Future trajectories of festival research. Tourist Studies, 21(1), 9–23.
  • Erdogan-Aksu, H. (2017). A review on the Mesir Macunu Festival of Manisa. Milli Folklar, 29(115), 91-105.
  • Francis J. J., Johnston, M., Robertson C., Glidewell, L., Entwistle, V., Eccles, M. P., & Grimshaw, J. M. (2010). What is an adequate sample size? Operationalising data saturation for theory-based interview studies. Psychology and Health, 25(10),1229-1245.
  • Freeman, R.E. (1984). Strategic management: a stakeholder approach. Boston: Pitman.
  • Frost, W., & Laing, J. (2015). Avoiding burnout: the succession planning, governance and resourcing of rural tourism festivals. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23 (8/9), 1298-1317.
  • Getz, D. (1993). Corporate culture in not-for-profit festival organizations: Concepts and potential applications. Festival Management & Event Tourism, 1(1), 11–17.
  • Getz, D. (1997). Event Management & Event Tourism. New York: Cognizant Communication.
  • Getz, D. (2002). Why festivals fail. Event Management, 7(4), 209-219.
  • Getz, D. (2008). Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research. Tourism Management, 29(3), 403-428.
  • Getz, D. (2010). The nature and scope of festival studies. International Journal of Event Management Research, 5(1), 1-47.
  • Getz, D., Andersson, T.D., & Carlsen, J. (2010). Festival management studies. International Journal of Event Management Research, 1, 29-59.
  • Getz, D., & Frisby, W. (1988). Evaluating management effectiveness in community-run festivals. Journal of Travel Research, 27(1), 22–27.
  • Gursoy, D., Jurowski, C., & Uysal, M. (2002). Resident attitudes: A structural modeling approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 79-105.
  • Gursoy, D., Kim, K., & Uysal, M. (2004). Perceived impacts of festivals and special events by organizers: An extension and validation. Tourism Management, 25, 171-182.
  • Jarman, D. (2021). Festival to festival: Networked relationships between fringe festivals. Event Management, 25(1), 99-113.
  • Liu, C.R., Lin, W.R., Wang, Y.C., & Chen, S.P. (2019). Sustainability indicators for festival tourism: a multistakeholder perspective. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, 20(3), 296-316.
  • Mair, J. (2019). Introduction. In J. Mair (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Festivals, (pp. 3-11). New York: Routhledge.
  • Mair, J., & Weber, K. (2019). Editorial. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 10(3), 209-216.
  • Maxwell, J. A. (2018). Nitel araştırma tasarımı: Etkileşimli bir yaklaşım (M. Çevikbaş, Trans. Ed.). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Merriam, S. B. (2013). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation (3rd edition). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Morgan, M. (2008). What makes a good festival? Understanding the event experience. Event Management, 12(2), 81-93.
  • O'Sullivan, D., & Jackson, M. J. (2002). Festival tourism: a contributor to sustainable local economic development? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 10(4), 325-342.
  • Patton, M.Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Pavluković, V., Armenski, T., & Alcántara-Pilar, J. M. (2017). Social impacts of music festivals: Does culture impact locals' attitude toward events in Serbia and Hungary? Tourism Management, 63, 42-53.
  • Preston, C. (2012). Event marketing: how to successfully promote events, festivals, conventions, and expositions. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Quinn, B. (2006). Problematising "festival tourism": Arts festivals and sustainable development in Ireland. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14, 288-306.
  • Reid, S. & Arcodia, C. (2002). Understanding the role of the stakeholder in event management. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 7(3), 20-22.
  • Rolfe, H. (1992). Arts festivals in the UK. Policy Studies Institute.
  • Roloff, J. (2008). Learning from multi-stakeholder networks: issue-focussed stakeholder management. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(1), 233-250.
  • Rust, E. (2020). Understanding experiential value creation at small-scale events: a multi-stakeholder perspective. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 12(3), 344-362.
  • Tanford, S., & Jung, S. (2017). Festival attributes and perceptions: A meta-analysis of relationships with satisfaction and loyalty. Tourism Management, 61, 209-220.
  • Tepeci, M., İsçi, C., Sel, G. & Kırova, S. (2019). Manisa turizmi mevcut durumunun ve potansiyelinin incelenmesi [Investigation of the current state and potential of Manisa tourism]. In M. Tepeci, İ, Metin, & T. Akçan (Eds.), Manisa Ekonomisi ve Vizyonu [Manisa Economy and Vision] (pp.189-217). Ankara: Detay Yayincilik.
  • Tiew, F., Holmes, K., & de Bussy, N. (2021). Events’ external stakeholders and their influence strategies in tourism: perspectives from Borneo. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(7), 2465-2484.
  • Todd, L., Leask, A., & Ensor, J. (2017). Understanding primary stakeholders' multiple roles in hallmark event tourism management. Tourism Management, 59, 494-509.
  • Turner, V. (1982). Introduction. In V. Turner (Ed.), Celebration: Studies in festivity and ritual. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  • Wilkinson, D. (1993). The Event Management and Marketing Institute. Ontario: Wilkinson Group.
  • Wilson, J., Arshed, N., Shaw, E., & Pret, T. (2017). Expanding the domain of festival research: a review and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19, 195-213.
  • Yan, Q. Zhang, H. & Li, M. (2012). Programming quality of festivals: conceptualization, measurement, and relation to consequences. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 24(4), 653-673.
  • Yeoman, I., McMahon-Beattie, U., Findlay, K., Goh, S., Tieng, S., & Nhem, S. (2021). Future proofing the success of food festivals through determining the drivers of change: A case study of Wellington on a Plate. Tourism Analysis, 26(2-3),167-193.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. [Qualitative research methods in the social sciences] (9th edition). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mustafa Tepeci 0000-0001-9311-1532

Ceren İşçi 0000-0002-5712-1482

Zehra Gökçe Sel 0000-0001-6305-0492

Selim Kırova 0000-0002-9025-6725

Publication Date December 6, 2022
Submission Date August 7, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 10 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Tepeci, M., İşçi, C., Sel, Z. G., Kırova, S. (2022). The Management of a Government-Hosted Festival from Stakeholders’ Perspectives: International Manisa Mesir Paste Festival. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR), 10(4), 530-558. https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.979961


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