Research Article
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International Internships, Language Competency, and Employability: Perceptions of and Gaps Between Students and Industry Stakeholders

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 371 - 391, 01.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.1133594

Abstract

This study systematically reviewed enhanced employability and language competency in the context of international hospitality internships. A multi-method research design was applied to analyze the perceptions of student interns and industry practitioners. Research methods included a questionnaire, interviews with practitioners, and focus group meetings with students. The quantitative techniques used were importance-performance analysis (IPA) and stepwise regression analysis, and the qualitative approach used was thematic analysis. Results showed that both groups’ perceptions of employability were closely aligned, though gaps existed regarding perceptions of language competency: practitioners felt interns should improve language competency to strengthen employability; conversely, students perceived their language competency as adequate and emphasized their progress. The analysis also indicated that stress management skills and innovation capabilities significantly impacted students’ willingness to remain in the industry. Educators are advised to make joint efforts with hospitality practitioners to help students in improving language competency, communication abilities, and professional knowledge, with the aim of increasing retention rates; as for students, they are advised to partake in language practice that is more interactive and grounded in contextually-relevant content, in order to enhance their professional knowledge and competencies, and to aid them in better navigating the international workplace.

Supporting Institution

Ministry of Education, Taiwan

Project Number

Ministry of Education, Taiwan (108A28-04)

References

  • Chen, T. L., & Shen, C. C. (2012). Today’s intern, tomorrow’s practitioner? The influence of internship programmes on students’ career development in the hospitality industry. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 11(1), 29–40.
  • Chen, T. L., Shen, C. C., & Gosling, M. (2018). Does employability increase with internship satisfaction? Enhanced employability and internship satisfaction in a hospitality program, Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 22, 88-99.
  • Crossman, J. E., & Clarke, M. (2010). International experience and graduate employability: stakeholder perceptions on the connection. High Edu, 59, 599-613.
  • Farmaki, A. (2018). Tourism and hospitality internships: A prologue to career intentions? Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 23, 50-58.
  • Goh, E., & Lee, C. (2018). A workforce to be reckoned with: The emerging pivotal Generation Z hospitality workforce. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 73, 20-28.
  • Guilding, C., Lamminmaki, D., & McManus, L. (2014). Staff turnover costs: In search of accountability. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 36, 231-243.
  • Heo, C.Y., Kim, S., & Kim, B. (2018). Investigating the impact of relationship quality during an internship on Millennials’ career decisions and gender differences. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 30(2), 71-84.
  • Hsu, W. (2015). Transitioning to a communication-oriented pedagogy: Taiwanese university freshmen's views on class participation. System, 49, 61-72.
  • Huang, R. (2013). International experience and graduate employability: Perceptions of Chinese international students in the UK. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 13, 87-96.
  • Ishengoma, E., & Vaaland, T. I. (2016). Can university-industry linkages stimulate student employability? Education + Training, 58(1), 18-44.
  • Itani, S., Järlström, M., & Piekkari, R. (2015). The meaning of language skills for career mobility in the new career landscape. Journal of World Business, 50(2), 38-378.
  • Jackson, D. (2015). Employability skill development in work-integrated learning: Barriers and best practice. Studies in Higher Education, 40(2), 350-367. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2013.842221.
  • Jackson, D. (2019). Students’ and their supervisors’ evaluations on professional identity in work placements. Vocations and Learning, 12, 245-266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-018-9207-1
  • Jones, E. (2013). Internationalization and employability: the role of intercultural experiences in the development of transferable skills, Public Money & Management, March, 95-104.
  • Kalfa, S., & Taksa, L. (2015). Cultural capital in business higher education: reconsidering the graduate attributes movement and the focus on employability. Studies in Higher Education, 40(4), 580-595.
  • Lam, P. W. Y., Cheng, W., & Kong, K. C. C. (2014). Learning English through workplace communication: An evaluation of existing resources in Hong Kong. English for Specific Purposes, 34, 68.
  • Leong, A. M. W., & Li, J. X. (2011). Optimization strategies in English teaching for tourism majors: A case Study of Macau University of Science and Technology. International Journal of Arts & Sciences, 4(21),315-328.
  • Liu, M. Q., Qiu., J. R., & Hu, J. L. (2006). Competitive advantages enhanced through official education survey of competitive advantages of college and university graduates. White paper on vocational education. Executive Yuan: Taipei: National Youth Commission.
  • Lou, N. M., So, A. S. I. & Hsieh, Y. J. (2019). Integrated resort employee competencies: a Macau perspective. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(1), 247-267, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2017-0431
  • Manpower Research & Statistics Department (2018). Singapore Yearbook of Manpower Statistics 2018. Retrieved July 4, 2018, from: https://stats.mom.gov.sg/Pages/Singapore-Yearbook-Of-Manpower-Statistics-2018.aspx.
  • Nisbet, S., Haw, J., & Caldicott, J. (2022). Students as harsh critics: A comparison of student and industry assessment of placement competencies. International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning, 23(1), 1-16.
  • Pursell, E., & Gould, D. (2021). Undertaking qualitative reviews in nursing and education-A method of thematic analysis for students and clinicians. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances, 3, 100036. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnsa.2021.100036
  • Qenani, E., MacDougall, N., & Sexton, C. (2014). An empirical study of self-perceived employability: Improving the prospects for student employment success in an uncertain environment. Active Learning in Higher Education, 15(3), 199-213.
  • Quinn, R., Faerman, S., Thompson, M., & McGrath, M. (2003). Becoming a master manager: A competency framework (2nd ed.). John Wiley and Sons.
  • Ruhanen, L., Robinson, R., & Breakey, N. (2013). A foreign assignment: Internships and international students. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 20, 1-4.
  • Teng, W., Ma, C., Pahlevansharif, S., & Turner, J.J. (2019). Graduate readiness for the employment market of the 4th industrial revolution: The development of soft employability skills. Education + Training, 61(5), 590-604. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-07-20-2018-0154.
  • Walsh, K. Chang, S., & Tse, E. C. (2015). Understanding students’ intentions to join the hospitality industry: The role of emotional intelligence, service orientation, and industry satisfaction. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 56(4), 369-382.
  • Wang, M. J., & Sun, L. H. (2014). Development of students’ ESP competence in the hotel industry. The Asian ESP Journal, special issue, 101-126.
  • Yamada, N., Keo, J., & Hji-Avgoustis, S. (2014). What contributes to the intention of Tourism majors in Korea to acquire foreign language skills? Asia-Pacific Education Researchers, 23(3), 645-654. https://doi.10.1007/s40299-013-0137-2
  • Zahedpisheh, N., Abu Bakar, Z. B., & Safari, N. (2017). English for tourism and hospitality purposes (ETP). English Language Teaching, 10(9), 86-94.
  • Zainuddin, S. Z. B., Pillai, S., Dumanig, F. P., & Phillip, A. (2019). English language and graduate employability. Education + Training, 61(1), 79-93. https:// doi.org/10.1108/ET-06-2017-0089
  • Zopiatis, A., Papadopolos, C., & Theofanous, Y. (2021). A systematic review of literature on hospitality. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 28, 100309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2021.100309
  • Zou, J. H., Ramirez, S. I. M., Erazo, M. A. C., & Encalada, M. A. R., (2019). The significance of English language development for future Asian tourism and hotel management professionals. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 9(1),11-17.
Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 371 - 391, 01.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.1133594

Abstract

Project Number

Ministry of Education, Taiwan (108A28-04)

References

  • Chen, T. L., & Shen, C. C. (2012). Today’s intern, tomorrow’s practitioner? The influence of internship programmes on students’ career development in the hospitality industry. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 11(1), 29–40.
  • Chen, T. L., Shen, C. C., & Gosling, M. (2018). Does employability increase with internship satisfaction? Enhanced employability and internship satisfaction in a hospitality program, Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 22, 88-99.
  • Crossman, J. E., & Clarke, M. (2010). International experience and graduate employability: stakeholder perceptions on the connection. High Edu, 59, 599-613.
  • Farmaki, A. (2018). Tourism and hospitality internships: A prologue to career intentions? Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 23, 50-58.
  • Goh, E., & Lee, C. (2018). A workforce to be reckoned with: The emerging pivotal Generation Z hospitality workforce. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 73, 20-28.
  • Guilding, C., Lamminmaki, D., & McManus, L. (2014). Staff turnover costs: In search of accountability. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 36, 231-243.
  • Heo, C.Y., Kim, S., & Kim, B. (2018). Investigating the impact of relationship quality during an internship on Millennials’ career decisions and gender differences. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 30(2), 71-84.
  • Hsu, W. (2015). Transitioning to a communication-oriented pedagogy: Taiwanese university freshmen's views on class participation. System, 49, 61-72.
  • Huang, R. (2013). International experience and graduate employability: Perceptions of Chinese international students in the UK. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 13, 87-96.
  • Ishengoma, E., & Vaaland, T. I. (2016). Can university-industry linkages stimulate student employability? Education + Training, 58(1), 18-44.
  • Itani, S., Järlström, M., & Piekkari, R. (2015). The meaning of language skills for career mobility in the new career landscape. Journal of World Business, 50(2), 38-378.
  • Jackson, D. (2015). Employability skill development in work-integrated learning: Barriers and best practice. Studies in Higher Education, 40(2), 350-367. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2013.842221.
  • Jackson, D. (2019). Students’ and their supervisors’ evaluations on professional identity in work placements. Vocations and Learning, 12, 245-266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-018-9207-1
  • Jones, E. (2013). Internationalization and employability: the role of intercultural experiences in the development of transferable skills, Public Money & Management, March, 95-104.
  • Kalfa, S., & Taksa, L. (2015). Cultural capital in business higher education: reconsidering the graduate attributes movement and the focus on employability. Studies in Higher Education, 40(4), 580-595.
  • Lam, P. W. Y., Cheng, W., & Kong, K. C. C. (2014). Learning English through workplace communication: An evaluation of existing resources in Hong Kong. English for Specific Purposes, 34, 68.
  • Leong, A. M. W., & Li, J. X. (2011). Optimization strategies in English teaching for tourism majors: A case Study of Macau University of Science and Technology. International Journal of Arts & Sciences, 4(21),315-328.
  • Liu, M. Q., Qiu., J. R., & Hu, J. L. (2006). Competitive advantages enhanced through official education survey of competitive advantages of college and university graduates. White paper on vocational education. Executive Yuan: Taipei: National Youth Commission.
  • Lou, N. M., So, A. S. I. & Hsieh, Y. J. (2019). Integrated resort employee competencies: a Macau perspective. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(1), 247-267, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2017-0431
  • Manpower Research & Statistics Department (2018). Singapore Yearbook of Manpower Statistics 2018. Retrieved July 4, 2018, from: https://stats.mom.gov.sg/Pages/Singapore-Yearbook-Of-Manpower-Statistics-2018.aspx.
  • Nisbet, S., Haw, J., & Caldicott, J. (2022). Students as harsh critics: A comparison of student and industry assessment of placement competencies. International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning, 23(1), 1-16.
  • Pursell, E., & Gould, D. (2021). Undertaking qualitative reviews in nursing and education-A method of thematic analysis for students and clinicians. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances, 3, 100036. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnsa.2021.100036
  • Qenani, E., MacDougall, N., & Sexton, C. (2014). An empirical study of self-perceived employability: Improving the prospects for student employment success in an uncertain environment. Active Learning in Higher Education, 15(3), 199-213.
  • Quinn, R., Faerman, S., Thompson, M., & McGrath, M. (2003). Becoming a master manager: A competency framework (2nd ed.). John Wiley and Sons.
  • Ruhanen, L., Robinson, R., & Breakey, N. (2013). A foreign assignment: Internships and international students. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 20, 1-4.
  • Teng, W., Ma, C., Pahlevansharif, S., & Turner, J.J. (2019). Graduate readiness for the employment market of the 4th industrial revolution: The development of soft employability skills. Education + Training, 61(5), 590-604. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-07-20-2018-0154.
  • Walsh, K. Chang, S., & Tse, E. C. (2015). Understanding students’ intentions to join the hospitality industry: The role of emotional intelligence, service orientation, and industry satisfaction. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 56(4), 369-382.
  • Wang, M. J., & Sun, L. H. (2014). Development of students’ ESP competence in the hotel industry. The Asian ESP Journal, special issue, 101-126.
  • Yamada, N., Keo, J., & Hji-Avgoustis, S. (2014). What contributes to the intention of Tourism majors in Korea to acquire foreign language skills? Asia-Pacific Education Researchers, 23(3), 645-654. https://doi.10.1007/s40299-013-0137-2
  • Zahedpisheh, N., Abu Bakar, Z. B., & Safari, N. (2017). English for tourism and hospitality purposes (ETP). English Language Teaching, 10(9), 86-94.
  • Zainuddin, S. Z. B., Pillai, S., Dumanig, F. P., & Phillip, A. (2019). English language and graduate employability. Education + Training, 61(1), 79-93. https:// doi.org/10.1108/ET-06-2017-0089
  • Zopiatis, A., Papadopolos, C., & Theofanous, Y. (2021). A systematic review of literature on hospitality. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 28, 100309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2021.100309
  • Zou, J. H., Ramirez, S. I. M., Erazo, M. A. C., & Encalada, M. A. R., (2019). The significance of English language development for future Asian tourism and hotel management professionals. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 9(1),11-17.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Tzu-ling (charline) Chen This is me 0000-0002-5683-7884

David Goodman This is me 0000-0001-9361-2724

Alastair Morrison This is me 0000-0002-0754-1083

Mei-jung Sebrina Wang 0000-0003-0935-5695

Project Number Ministry of Education, Taiwan (108A28-04)
Early Pub Date May 2, 2023
Publication Date September 1, 2023
Submission Date June 22, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Chen, T.-l. (., Goodman, D., Morrison, A., Wang, M.-j. S. (2023). International Internships, Language Competency, and Employability: Perceptions of and Gaps Between Students and Industry Stakeholders. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR), 11(3), 371-391. https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.1133594


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