William Wordsworth’un “The Idiot Boy” Şiirinde Semiyotik, Khora ve Abject

Abstract

Romantik Dönem’in öncü şairlerinden Wordsworth, norm dışı figürleri öne çıkararak dönemin edebiyat anlayışında bir yandan estetik bir devrim sunarken öte yandan dönemin ideolojik ikliminde bir dönüşüm gerçekleştirir. Wordsworth’ün Lyrical Ballads’ında yer alan “The Idiot Boy”, zihinsel engelli bir çocuğu odak noktasına koyar ve bu çocuk aracılığıyla Wordsworth, toplumun normlarından sapan dışlanmış bir varoluş biçimini şiirsel bir dille aktarır. Bu noktada bu çalışmada teorik bir çerçeve sunan psikanalizm kuramı da özellikle normlardan sapan figürlerin, bilinçdışının ve toplumun beklentilerinin dışında kalan benlik deneyimlerinin analizinde güçlü bir araçtır. Freud’un teorisindeki bilinçdışı ve bastırma gibi kavramlar, ya da Lacan’ın dil ve sembolik düzen hakkındaki görüşleri, norm dışı figürlerin edebiyatta nasıl yer bulduğunu açıklamada kuramsal bir temel sağlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda bir diğer psikanalist Julia Kristeva da Freud ve Lacan’dan aldığı mirası, abject, khora ve semiyotik kavramlarıyla geliştirerek, toplumun ötekileştirdiği bireyleri ve dilin sembolik düzeni aşan sınır ihlallerini açığa çıkarır. Bu çalışma, William Wordsworth’ün “The Idiot Boy” unda toplum dışına itilmiş bir figür üzerinden sapma olgusunu inceler ve Julia Kristeva’nın abject, khora ve semiyotik kavramlarının bu sapmayı psikanalitik düzlemde nasıl görünür kıldığını ortaya çıkarır.

Keywords

• Kristeva
• Wordsworth
• “The Idiot Boy”
• psikanaliz
• sapma.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma etik kurul izni gerektirmemesi nedeniyle etik kurul izni olmaksızın gerçekleştirilmiştir.

The Semiotic, Chora and Abject in William Wordsworth’s “The Idiot Boy”

Abstract

William Wordsworth, a prominent poet of the Romantic era, emphasizes non-normative figures, therefore instigating an aesthetic revolution in the literary interpretation of the period while simultaneously effecting a transition in the ideological milieu of the time, particularly through works like "The Idiot Boy," which challenges societal perceptions of disability and innocence. Wordsworth's "The Idiot Boy," found in his Lyrical Ballads, is about a youngster with a mental disability. Through this child, Wordsworth employs poetic language to depict a lifestyle that deviates from societal norms and is marginalized. Psychoanalytic theory, which serves as the theoretical basis for this study, is an effective instrument for examining individuals who diverge from societal norms, the unconscious, and personal experiences that do not conform to societal expectations. Freud's notions of the unconscious and repression, alongside Lacan's perspectives on language and the symbolic order, offer a theoretical framework for elucidating how non-normative figures are situated within literature. In this environment, another psychotherapist, Julia Kristeva, builds on the tradition of Freud and Lacan, developing terms like "the abject," "chora," and "semiotic" to show individuals excluded by society and violations that are beyond the symbolic order of language. This study analyzes the phenomenon of deviation via the character of an outcast in William Wordsworth's "The Idiot Boy," elucidating how Julia Kristeva's concepts of the abject, chora, and semiotic render this deviation perceptible on a psychoanalytic plane.

Keywords

• Kristeva
• Wordsworth
• “The Idiot Boy”
• psychoanalysis
• deviation.

Ethical Statement

Since this study did not require approval from an ethics committee, it was conducted without such approval.

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