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Psikotravmatoloji

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 181 - 214, 01.12.2020

Abstract

Psikotravmatoloji, travma kökenli durum ya da olaylarla ilişkili insanların ve toplumların verdikleri tepkilere, travmaların psikoterapilerine ve önleme politikalarına odaklanan psikolojinin temel bir alanıdır. Savaş, terör, afet, kadın cinayetleri, çocukluk çağı travmaları, akran şiddeti, flört şiddeti, mobbing, beyin yıkama, gaslighting, yaşlı istismarı, aile içi şiddet ve akademik mobbing gibi geniş bir uzamda ifade bulan travmatik yaşantıların etkisiyle oluşan psikiyatrik bozuklukların tedavisinde kullanılan kanıta dayalı psikoterapi ve akademik çalışmalar olarak da tanımlanan psikotravmatoloji; travma sonrası stres belirtilerini kapsayan araştırma ve çalışmaların tümü için kullanan şemsiye kavramlardan biridir. Psikotravmatoloji çalışmaları büyük oranda travma sonrası stres bozukluğu ve dissosiyatif bozukluk vakaları ile gerçekleştirilmiş olan klinik örneklemli araştırmalardan oluşmaktadır. Klinik psikoloji, psikiyatri ve psikotarih alanlarıyla yakın ilişkili olan bu temel disipline en büyük katkıyı travma ve dissosiyasyon alanında çalışmalarını sürdüren bilim insanları gerçekleştirmektedir. Travmatize bireylerin psikoterapisini yürüten klinik psikologlar, travma ve dissosiyatif bozukluk vakalarının psikoterapisini üstlenen dissoanalistler, çocukluğun tarihi ve çocuk yetiştirme stilleri üzerine çalışmalar yapan psikotarihçiler ve travma temelli bir profesyonel donanımla hastalarının tedavilerini sağlayan psikiyatrlar psikotravmatoloji alanının gelişimi açısından yenilikçi, öncü ve aktif roller üstlenmektedir. Öztürk (2020: 31), psikolojik travmalarla ilişkili hem klinik hem de teorik çalışmalar yapan tüm klinik psikologların, psikotarihçilerin, psikiyatrların, ruh sağlığı hemşirelerinin, sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının, psikolojik danışmanlar ve hukukçulardan yani psikotravmatoloji çalışmalarına destek veren tüm akademisyenlerden oluşan “Psikotravmatolog Akademisyenler Hareketi (Psychotraumatologist Academicians’ Movement)” tanımlamıştır. Psikotravmatolog akademisyenler ve travma alanında çalışan ruh sağlığı uzmanları için krize müdahale, travmatik yaşantıların ilk dönemde ortaya çıkan negatif doğalı etkilerini minimize hale getirmek için oldukça önemlidir. Klinik psikoloji yönelimli olarak çalışmalarını yürüten kriz psikolojisi alanı, travmatik olaydan sonraki ilk haftanın kritik olduğunu ve bu dönemde hem maddi hem de manevi desteğin eş zamanlı olarak yürütülmesi gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Akut dönemde sunulan profesyonel psikolojik destek, mağdurların olay karşısında kendilerini suçlamalarını ya da bu tip travmatik olayların başlarına geldiklerini hak ettiklerine yönelik oluşturdukları bilişsel çarpıtmaların ortaya çıkmasını önemli ölçüde azaltabilmektedir. Krize müdahaleye dönük olarak yapılandırılacak psikososyal destek süreci ve travma temelli gerçekleştirilecek psikoterapiler, travmatize bireylerin aktüel hayatlarına ruh sağlığı açısından entegre bir şekilde en kısa sürede dönmeleri hususunda katkı sağlayacaktır.

References

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Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 181 - 214, 01.12.2020

Abstract

References

  • American Psychiatric Association, (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-III-R, 3rd Edition-Revised, Washington D.C., American Psychiatric Association.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Pub.
  • Amstadter, A. B., Nugent, N. R., & Koenen, K. C. (2009). Genetics of PTSD: fear conditioning as a model for future research. Psychiatric annals, 39(6), 358-367.
  • Annemiek van, D., Julian D, F., Onno van der, H., Maarten JM, V. S., Peter GM, V. D. H., & Martina, B. (2011). Childhood traumatization by primary caretaker and affect dysregulation in patients with borderline personality disorder and somatoform disorder. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 2(1), 26-58.
  • Armour, C., Fried, E. I., & Olff, M. (2017). PTSD symptomics: network analyses in the field of psychotraumatology. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 8(3), 1-7.
  • Balcıoğlu, Y. H., & Balcıoğlu, İ. (2018). Dissosiyatif Bozuklukların Tanımı ve Tanı Ölçütleri. E. Öztürk, (Ed), Ruhsal Travma ve Dissosiyasyon içinde (8-13). Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri.
  • Beisel, D. (1998). Teaching psychohistory. The Journal of Psychohistory, 25(4), 391.
  • Bisson, J.I., Roberts, N.P., Andrew, M., Cooper, R., & Lewis, C. (2013). Psychological therapies for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. Cochrane Database Systematic Review, 12, 1-168.
  • Boelen, P. A. (2016). Improving the understanding and treatment of complex grief: An important issue for psychotraumatology. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 7(1), 1-10.
  • Bolu, A., Erdem, M., & Öznur, T. (2014). Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu. Anadolu Tıbbi Araştırmalar Dergisi. 8(2): 98-104.
  • Bonanno, G. A., Galea, S., Bucciarelli, A., & Vlahov, D. (2006). Psychological resilience after disaster: New York City in the aftermath of the September 11th terrorist attack. Psychological Science, 17(3), 181-186.
  • Bordin, E. (1979). The generalizability of the concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy, 16, 252-260.
  • Bradley, R., Greene, J., Russ, E., Dutra, L., & Westen, D. (2005). A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy for PTSD. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(2), 214-227.
  • Brewin, C. R., Cloitre, M., Hyland, P., Shevlin, M., Maercker, A., Bryant, R. A., ... & Somasundaram, D. (2017). A review of current evidence regarding the ICD-11 proposals for diagnosing PTSD and complex PTSD. Clinical psychology review, 58, 1-15.
  • Briere, J., & Spinazzola, J. (2005). Phenomenology and psychological assessment of complex posttraumatic states. Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 18(5), 401-412.
  • Charcot, J. M., and Marie, P. (1892). On hystereoepilepsy. In Tuke, H. (ed.), A Dictionary of Psychological Medicine, Churchill, London, 787.
  • Costello, E. J., Erkanli, A., Fairbank, J. A., & Angold, A. (2002). The prevalence of potentially traumatic events in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 15(2), 99-112.
  • De Soir, E. (2006). Psychosocial crisis intervention with military and emergency services personnel. Handbook of international disaster psychology, 4, 113-30.
  • De Soir, E. (2017). Psychological Adjustment After Military Operations: The Utility of Postdeployment Decompression for Supporting Health Readjustment. In Handbook of Military Psychology (pp. 89-103). Springer, Cham.
  • DeMause, L. (1982). Foundations of Psychohistory. Londra: Creative Roots Pub, 58
  • DeMause, L. (1990). The history of child assault. The Journal of Psychohistory, 18(1): 1-24.
  • DeMause, L. (1997). The psychogenic theory of history. The Journal of psychohistory, 25(2):112- 183.
  • DeMause, L. (1998). The history of child abuse. The Journal of Psychohistory, 25(3), 216 – 236.
  • Derin, G., & Öztürk, E. (2018). Dissosiyatif Bozukluklar ve Sınırda (Borderline) Kişilik Bozukluğunda Ruhsal Travma. Bartın Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(3), 29-42.
  • Dutra, S. J., & Wolf, E. J. (2017). Perspectives on the conceptualization of the dissociative subtype of PTSD and implications for treatment. Current opinion in psychology, 14, 35-39.
  • Everly, G. S. (1993). Psychotraumatology: A two-factor formulation of posttraumatic stress. Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, 28(3), 270-278.
  • Flannery, R. B., & Everly, G. S. (2000). Crisis intervention: A review. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 2(2), 119-126.
  • Herman, J. L. (1992). Complex PTSD: A syndrome in survivors of prolonged and repeated trauma. Journal of traumatic stress, 5(3), 377-391.
  • Grigore, M. C. (2016). Psychotraumatology Aspects Highlighted in Personal and Trasngenerational History of Professional Foster Parents, in Relation to Career Choice. Journal of Experiential Psychotherapy/Revista de PSIHOterapie Experientiala, 19(4), 17-34.
  • Hilgard, E. R. (1977). Divided consciousness: Multiple controls in human thought and action. John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York, 1-42.
  • Janet, P. (1889). L’automatisme psychologique. Paris: Félix Alcan.
  • Janet, P. (1920). The major symptoms of hysteria: Fifteen lectures given in the medical school of Harvard University. Macmillan.
  • Janet, P. (1925). Psychological healing. New York: Macmillan. (Orijinal çalışma: Les médications psychologiques (1919). Paris: Félix Alcan, 1-55.
  • Lanius, R., Frewen, P., Vermetten, E., & Yehuda, R. (2010). Fear conditioning and early life vulnerabilities: two distinct pathways of emotional dysregulation and brain dysfunction in PTSD. European journal of psychotraumatology, 1(1), 1-10.
  • Loewenstein, R.J., Frewen, P. and Lewis‐Fernandez, R. (2017). Dissociative Disorders. In: Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P, eds. Kaplan & Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (50th Anniversary Edition). 10th ed. Philedelphia: Wolters Kluwer. 1866‐93.
  • Maercker, A., & Augsburger, M. (2019). Developments in Psychotraumatology: A Conceptual, Biological, and Cultural Update. Clinical Psychology in Europe, 1(1), 1-18.
  • Maercker, A., Hecker, T., Augsburger, M., & Kliem, S. (2018). ICD-11 prevalence rates of posttraumatic stress disorder and complex posttraumatic stress disorder in a German nationwide sample. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 206(4), 270-276.
  • Olff, M. (2018). Psychotraumatology on the move, European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 9:1, 1-7.
  • Olff, M. (2019). Facts on psychotraumatology. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, (10):1; 1-8.
  • Olff, M., Monson, C. M., Riggs, D. S., Lee, C. W., Ehlers, A., & Forbes, D. (2019). Psychological treatments for adults with PTSD: Core and common elements of effective treatment. In Effective treatments for PTSD: Practice Guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Eds. Forbes, D., Bisson, J.I., Monson, C. & Berliner, L. 3rd edn. New York, NY, US Guildford Press, 475-483.
  • Öztürk, E. (2009). Dissosiyatif kimlik bozukluğunun psikoterapisi. PsikeDergi, 2, 39-49.
  • Öztürk, E. (2016). Psikotarih açısından çocuk yetiştirme tarzları ve çocuk istismarı. F. Aşıcıoğlu, N. Ziyalar, (Eds), Adli Davranış Bilimleri içinde (24-34). Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri.
  • Öztürk, E. (2017). Travma ve Dissosiyasyon: Dissosiyatif Kimlik Bozukluğunun Psikoterapisi ve Aile Dinamikleri (1. Baskı). İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevi. 1-124.
  • Öztürk, E. (2018a). Travma Merkezli Alyans Model Terapi: Dissosiyatif Kimlik Bozukluğunun Psikoterapisi. E. Öztürk, (Ed.), Ruhsal Travma ve Dissosiyasyon içinde (31-38). Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri
  • Öztürk, E. (2018b). Psikotarih Ruhsal Travma ve Dissosiyasyon, O. Celbiş, (Ed.). Turaz Akademi 2018 içinde (1.Baskı) (92-106). Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi.
  • Öztürk, E. (2020). Travma ve Dissosiyasyon: Psikotravmatoloji Temel Kitabı (2. Baskı). İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevi. 1-33.
  • Öztürk, E., Erdoğan, B., & Çalıcı, C. (2019). Göçmenler ve Ruh Sağlığı Göçmenler ve Göç Süreci: Psikotravmatolojik Bir Değerlendirme. H. Sakız, & H. Apak, (Ed.). Türkiye'de Göçmen Kapsayıcılığı: Sorundan Fırsata Dönüşüm Önerileri içinde (213-226). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Prasat, A. (1985). Multiple Personality Syndrome. British Journal Hospital Medicine, 34: 301–302.
  • Putnam, F. W. (1989). Pierre Janet and modern views of dissociation. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2(4), 413-429.
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There are 68 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Erdinç Öztürk 0000-0003-1553-2619

Görkem Derin 0000-0002-9527-3110

Publication Date December 1, 2020
Submission Date September 17, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Öztürk, E., & Derin, G. (2020). Psikotravmatoloji. Aydın İnsan Ve Toplum Dergisi, 6(2), 181-214.

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