Endemik Dactylorhiza osmanica subsp. osmanica: Ex vitro simbiyotik çimlenme için bir bakış açısı

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Ceratobasidium sp. fungusunun, Dactylorhiza osmanica (Klinge) P. F. Hunt & Summerh subsp. osmanica tohumlarının ex vitro simbiyotik çimlenmesi üzerindeki potansiyel etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, Ceratobasidium sp. ile aşılanan tohumlarda yaklaşık %51,95 çimlenme oranı elde edildiğini göstermiştir. Protokorm ve primordiyum oluşum oranları sırasıyla %25,27 ve %26,67 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgular, fungusun tohum çimlenmesini teşvik ettiğini göstermektedir. Ceratobasidium sp.'nin D. osmanica subsp. osmanica üzerindeki ex vitro simbiyotik tohum çimlenmesi üzerindeki etkisi, fungusun potansiyel etkisini ortaya koymaktadır. Yetişkin bitkilere ulaşmak ve doğal koşullara adaptasyonu sağlamak için daha uzun süreli ve detaylı çalışmalar yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu bulgular, endemik ve nadir orkide türlerinin korunması için oldukça umut vericidir.

Keywords

• Ceratobasidium
• koruma
• endemik orkide
• ex vitro simbiyotik çimlenme
• mikoriza

Endemic Dactylorhiza osmanica subsp. osmanica: Ex vitro symbiotic germination approach

Abstract

In this study, the potential effects of Ceratobasidium sp. fungus on the ex vitro symbiotic germination of Dactylorhiza osmanica (Klinge) P. F. Hunt & Summerh subsp. osmanica seeds were evaluated. Results, Ceratobasidium sp. caused that about 51.95% germination rate was obtained in seeds inoculated. Protocorm and primordium formation rates were determined to be 25.27% and 26.67%, respectively. These findings indicate that the fungus promotes the germination of seeds. Ceratobasidium sp. on ex vitro symbiotic seed germination of D. osmanica subsp. osmanica shows the potential effect of the fungus Longer term and more detailed studies should be conducted to reach adult plants and adapt to natural conditions. These findings are very promising for protecting of endemic and rare orchid species.

Keywords

• Ceratobasidium
• conservation
• endemic orchid
• ex vitro symbiotic germination
• mycorrhiza

References

1. Aggarwal S, Zettler LW (2010). Reintroduction of an endangered terrestrial orchid, Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo, assisted by symbiotic seed germination: First report from the Indian subcontinent. Nature and Science 8(10): 139-145.
2. Aewsakul N, Maneesorn D, Serivichyaswat P, Taluengjit A, Nontachaiyapoom S (2013). Ex vitro symbiotic seed germination of Spathoglottis plicata Blume on common orchid cultivation subsptrates. Scientia Horticulturae 160: 238-242.
3. Barsberg ST, Lee YI, Rasmussen HN (2018). Development of C-lignin with G/S-lignin and lipids in orchid seed coats–an unexpected diversity exposed by ATR-FT-IR spectroscopy. Seed Science Research 28(1): 41-51.
4. Clements MA, Muir H, Cribb PJ (1986). A preliminary report on the symbiotic germination of European terrestrial orchids. Kew Bulletin 41: 437-445. https://doi.org/10.2307/4102957
5. Chase MW, Cameron KM, Freudenstein JV, Pridgeon AM, Salazar G, Van den Berg C, Schuiteman A (2015). An updated classification of Orchidaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 177(2): 151-174.
6. Çığ A, Yılmaz H (2017). In vitro symbiotic culture studies of some orchid species. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 23(4): 453-463.
7. Çığ AD, Durak E, İşler S (2018). In vitro symbiotic germination potentials of some Anacamptis, Dactylorhiza, Orchis and Ophrys terrestrial orchid species. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 16(4):5141-5155.
8. de Vasconcelos FM, Andrade EHA, Teixeira LOA, Figueiredo PLB, Maia JGS (2023). Volatile constituents from Catasetum (Orchidaceae) species with occurrence in the Brazilian Amazon. Plants 12(4): 703.

9. Deniz İG, Kömpe YÖ, Harzli I, Aytar EC, Mutlu VA, Uysal Dİ (2022). From seed to flowering tuberous orchid using ex vitro symbiotic seed germination: A breakthrough study with Anacamptis sancta. Rhizosphere 24: 100597.
10. Fatahi M, Anghelescu NE, Vafaee Y, Khoddamzadeh A (2023). Micropropagation of Dactylorhiza umbrosa (Kar. & Kir.) Nevski through asymbiotic seed germination and somatic embryogenesis: A promising tool for conservation of rare terrestrial orchids. South African Journal of Botany 159: 492-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2023.06.036
11. Fırat M, Karavelioğulları FA, Aziret A (2015). Geophytes of East Anatolia (Turkey). Manas Journal of Agriculture Veterinary and Life Sciences 5(1): 38-53.
12. Gao Y, Peng S, Hang Y, Xie G, Ji N, Zhang M (2022). Mycorrhizal fungus Coprinellus disseminatus influences seed germination of the terrestrial orchid Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino. Scientia Horticulturae 293: 110724.
13. Hayakawa S, Uetake Y, Ogoshi A (1999). Identification of symbiotic Rhizoctonias from naturally occurring protocorms and roots of Dactylorhiza aristata (Orchidaceae). Journal-Faculty Of Agriculture Hokkaido Unıversity 69: 129-141.
14. Karakaya S, Polat A, Aksakal Ö, Sümbüllü YZ, İncekara Ü (2019). Plants used in traditional medicine and other uses in South of Erzurum (Turkey): An ethnobotanical study. Ethnobotany Research and Applications 18: 1-18.
15. Kömpe YO, Mutlu VA (2017). Mycorrhizal diversity in some species of Dactylorhiza genus (Orchidaceae). Biological Diversity and Conservation 10(1): 55-64.
16. Özdener Kömpe Y, Akin Mutlu V, Özkoç İ, Demiray S, Serhat B (2022). Fungal diversity and ex vitro symbiotic germination of Serapias vomeracea (Orchidaceae). Acta Botanica Croatica 81(1): 108-116.
17. Quay L, McComb JA, Dixon KW (1995). Methods for ex vitro germination of Australian terrestrial orchids. HortScience 30(7): 1445-1446.
18. Rasmussen H, Andersen TF, Johansen B (1990). Temperature sensitivity of in vitro germination and seedling development of Dactylorhiza majalis (Orchidaceae) with and without a mycorrhizal fungus. Plant, Cell & Environment 13(2): 171-177.
19. Sazak A, Özdener Y (2006). Symbiotic and asymbiotic germination of endangered Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall. and Dactylorhiza osmanica (Kl.) Soó var. osmanica (endemic). Pakistan journal of Biological sciences 9(12): 2222-2228.
20. Selosse MA, Minasiewicz J, Boullard B (2017). An annotated translation of Noël Bernard’s 1899 article ‘On the germination of Neottia nidus-avis’. Mycorrhiza 27: 611-618.
21. Wani I A, Kumar V, Verma S, Tasleem Jan A, Rather IA (2020). Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo: A critically endangered perennial orchid from the North-West Himalayas. Plants 9(12): 1644.
22. Warghat AR, Bajpai PK, Srivastava RB, Chaurasia OP, Chauhan RS, Sood H (2014). In vitro protocorm development and mass multiplication of an endangered orchid, Dactylorhiza hatagirea. Turkish Journal of Botany 38(4): 737-746.
23. Zeng S, Wu K, da Silva JAT, Zhang J, Chen Z, Xia N, Duan J (2012). Asymbiotic seed germination, seedling development and reintroduction of Paphiopedilum wardii Sumerh., an endangered terrestrial orchid. Scientia Horticulturae 138: 198-209.
24. Zhou Z, Shi R, Zhang Y, Xing X, Jin X (2021). Orchid conservation in China from 2000 to 2020: Achievements and perspectives. Plant Diversity 43(5): 343-349.