Evaluation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents and DPPH radical scavenging activity in Cotoneaster coriaceus Franch. extracts

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant capacities, of Cotoneaster coriaceus Franch. fruit and leaf extracts obtained using different solvents (acetone, ethyl acetate, and water). The highest levels of total phenolics (996.41 ± 8.30 µg GAE/mg extract) and flavonoids (403.53 ± 2.04 µg QE/mg extract) were detected in the leaf acetone extract. The leaf water and fruit acetone extracts also exhibited substantial phenolic and flavonoid contents. Among fruit extracts, acetone extract showed the highest phenolic (773.41 ± 12.67 µg GAE/mg extract) and flavonoid (135.28 ± 3.55 µg QE/mg extract) concentrations. The leaf ethyl acetate extract had a notably high flavonoid content (339.95 ± 3.97 µg QE/mg extract) despite its lower phenolic level. The antioxidant capacities of the extracts were assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging assay at various concentrations (12.5–400 µg/mL). All extracts exhibited a concentration-dependent increase in antioxidant activity (p < 0.05), with the acetone extracts showing the highest scavenging capacity. The leaf acetone extract displayed >92% activity at 100 µg/mL. IC50 values further confirmed the antioxidant strength, with the lowest IC50 (10.55 µg/mL) observed in the leaf acetone extract, followed by the leaf water and fruit acetone extracts. Overall, these findings suggest that both plant part and solvent type significantly influence the extraction of bioactive compounds, with leaf acetone extracts offering the most promising antioxidant potential.

Keywords

• Bioactive compounds
• Natural extracts
• Phytochemicals
• Polyphenols

Cotoneaster coriaceus Franch. ekstraktlarında toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içeriklerinin ve DPPH radikal temizleme aktivitesinin değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Cotoneaster coriaceus Franch. meyve ve yaprak ekstraktlarının toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içerikleri ile antioksidan kapasitelerini farklı çözücüler (asetonu, etil asetat ve su) kullanarak değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. En yüksek toplam fenolik (996.41 ± 8.30 µg GAE/mg ekstrakt) ve flavonoid (403.53 ± 2.04 µg QE/mg ekstrakt) düzeyleri yaprak aseton ekstraktında tespit edilmiştir. Yaprak su ekstraktı ve meyve aseton ekstraktı da kayda değer fenolik ve flavonoid içeriklerine sahipti. Meyve ekstraktları arasında, aseton ekstraktı en yüksek fenolik (773.41 ± 12.67 µg GAE/mg ekstrakt) ve flavonoid (135.28 ± 3.55 µg QE/mg ekstrakt) konsantrasyonlarını göstermiştir. Yaprak etil asetat ekstraktı düşük fenolik içeriğe rağmen oldukça yüksek flavonoid içeriği (339.95 ± 3.97 µg QE/mg ekstrakt) sergilemiştir. Ekstraktların antioksidan kapasiteleri, çeşitli konsantrasyonlarda (12.5–400 µg/mL) DPPH radikal giderme testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Tüm ekstraktlar, konsantrasyona bağlı olarak artan antioksidan aktivite göstermiştir (p < 0.05) ve en yüksek radikal giderme kapasitesi aseton ekstraktlarında gözlenmiştir. Yaprak aseton ekstraktı, 100 µg/mL konsantrasyonda %92’nin üzerinde aktivite göstermiştir. IC50 değerleri de antioksidan etkinliği desteklemiş, en düşük IC50 değeri (10.55 µg/mL) yaprak aseton ekstraktında, ardından yaprak su ve meyve aseton ekstraktlarında gözlemlenmiştir. Genel olarak, bu bulgular bitki kısmı ve çözücü tipinin biyolojik olarak aktif bileşiklerin ekstraksiyonunda önemli rol oynadığını, özellikle yaprak aseton ekstraktının en yüksek antioksidan potansiyele sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Biyoaktif bileşikler
• Doğal ekstraktlar
• Fitokimyasallar
• Polifenoller

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